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Celebrity worship syndrome

November 26, 2023

Celebrity worship syndrome (CWS) or celebrity obsession disorder (COD) is an obsessive addictive disorder in which a person becomes overly involved with the details of a celebrity's personal and professional life.[1] Psychologists have indicated that though many people obsess over film, television, sport and pop stars, the only common factor between them is that they are all figures in the public eye. Written observations of celebrity worship date back to the 19th century.[2]

Classifications edit

Simple obsessional edit

Simple obsessional stalking constitutes a majority of all stalking cases, anywhere from 69 to 79%, and is dominated by males. This form of stalking is generally associated with individuals who have shared previous personal relationships with their victims. However, this is not necessarily the case between a common member of the public exhibiting celebrity worship syndrome and the famous person with whom they are obsessed. Individuals that meet the criteria of being labeled as a "simple obsessional stalker" tend to share a set of characteristics including an inability to have successful personal relationships in their own lives, social awkwardness, feelings of powerlessness, a sense of insecurity, and very low self-esteem. Of these characteristics, low self-esteem plays a large role in the obsession that these individuals develop with their victim, in this case, the famous person. If the individual is unable to have any sort of connection to the celebrity with which they are obsessed, their own sense of self-worth may decline.[3]

Entertainment-social edit

This level of admiration is linked to a celebrity's ability to capture the attention of their fans. Entertainment-social celebrity worship is used to describe a relatively low level of obsession. An example of a typical entertainment-social attitude would be "My friends and I like to discuss what my favorite celebrity has done."[4] It may also be seen in the form of obsessively following celebrities on social media, although considered the lowest level of celebrity worship. It has been seen to have a number of negative effects with regards the development of unhealthy eating tendencies (eating disorders), anxiety, depression, poor body image and low self esteem, especially in young adolescents aged 13 to mid-20s. This can be supported by a study carried out on a group of female adolescents between the ages of (17–20).[5]

Intense-personal edit

This is an intermediate level of obsession that is associated with neuroticism as well as behaviors linked to psychoticism. An example of an intense-personal attitude toward a celebrity would include claims such as "I consider my favorite celebrity to be my soul mate."[4] It has been found that in particular, people who worship celebrities in this manner often have low self-esteem with regards to their body type, especially if they think that the celebrity is physically attractive.[6] The effects of intense-personal celebrity worship on body image are seen in some cases of cosmetic surgery. Females who have high levels of obsession are more accepting of cosmetic surgery than those who do not obsess over celebrities to this extent.[7]

Love obsessional edit

As the name suggests, individuals who demonstrate this sort of stalking behavior develop a love obsession with somebody who they have no personal relation to. Love obsessional stalking accounts for roughly 20–25% of all stalking cases. The people that demonstrate this form of stalking behavior are likely to have a mental disorder, commonly either schizophrenia or paranoia. Individuals that are love obsessional stalkers often convince themselves that they are in fact in a relationship with the subject of their obsession. For example, a woman who had been stalking David Letterman for a total of five years claimed to be his wife when she had no personal connection to him.[3] Other celebrities who have fallen victim to this form of stalking include Jennifer Aniston, Halle Berry, Jodie Foster, and Mila Kunis, along with numerous other A-list stars.[8]

Erotomanic edit

Erotomanic, originating from the word erotomania, refers to stalkers who genuinely believe that their victims are in love with them. The victims in this case are almost always well known within their community or within the media, meaning that they can range from small-town celebrities to famous personalities from Hollywood. Comprising less than 10% of all stalking cases, erotomanic stalkers are the least common. Unlike simple-obsessional stalkers, a majority of the individuals in this category of stalking are women. Similar to love-obsessional stalkers, the behavior of erotomanic stalkers may be a result of an underlying psychological disorder such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression.[9]

Individuals who have erotomania tend to believe that the celebrity with whom they are obsessed with is utilizing the media as a way to communicate with them by sending special messages or signals. Although these stalkers have unrealistic beliefs, they are less likely to seek any form of face-to-face interaction with their celebrity obsession, therefore posing less of a threat to them.[10]

Borderline-pathological edit

This classification is the most severe level of celebrity worship. It is characterized by pathological attitudes and behaviors, as a result of celebrity worship. This includes willingness to commit crime on behalf of the celebrity who is the object of worship, or to spend money on common items used by the celebrity at some point, such as napkins.[4][11][12]

Mental health edit

Evidence indicates that poor mental health is correlated with celebrity worship.[13] Researchers have examined the relationship between celebrity worship and mental health in United Kingdom adult samples. One study found evidence to suggest that the intense-personal celebrity worship dimension was related to higher levels of depression and anxiety. Similarly, another study in 2004, found that the intense-personal celebrity worship dimension was not only related to higher levels of depression and anxiety, but also higher levels of stress, negative affect, and reports of illness. Both these studies showed no evidence for a significant relationship between either the entertainment-social or the borderline-pathological dimensions of celebrity worship and mental health.[14]

Another correlated pathology examined the role of celebrity interest in shaping body image cognitions. Among three separate UK samples (adolescents, students, and older adults), individuals selected a celebrity of their own sex whose body/figure they liked and admired, and then completed the Celebrity Attitude Scale along with two measures of body image. Significant relationships were found between attitudes toward celebrities and body image among female adolescents only.[6]

The findings suggested that, in female adolescence, there is an interaction between intense-personal celebrity worship and body image between the ages of 14 and 16, and some tentative evidence suggest that this relationship disappears at the onset of adulthood, which is between the ages of 17 and 20. These results are consistent with the authors who stress the importance of the formation of relationships with media figures, and suggest that relationships with celebrities perceived as having a good body shape may lead to a poor body image in female adolescents. This can be again supported by a study carried out, which investigated the link between mass media and its direct correlation to poor self-worth/ body image in a sample group of females between the ages of 17 and 20.[5]

Within a clinical context the effect of celebrity might be more extreme, particularly when considering extreme aspects of celebrity worship. Relationships between the three classifications of celebrity worship (entertainment-social, intense-personal and borderline-pathological celebrity worship and obsessiveness), ego-identity, fantasy proneness and dissociation were examined. Two of these variables drew particular attention: fantasy proneness and dissociation. Fantasy proneness involves fantasizing for a duration of time, reporting hallucinatory intensities as real, reporting vivid childhood memories, having intense religious and paranormal experiences. Dissociation is the lack of a normal integration of experiences, feelings, and thoughts in everyday consciousness and memory; in addition, it is related to a number of psychiatric problems.[15]

Though low levels of celebrity worship (entertainment-social) are not associated with any clinical measures, medium levels of celebrity worship (intense-personal) are related to fantasy proneness (approximately 10% of the shared variance), while high levels of celebrity worship (borderline-pathological) share a greater association with fantasy proneness (around 14% of the shared variance) and dissociation (around 3% of the shared variance, though the effect size of this is small and most probably due to the large sample size). This finding suggests that as "celebrity worship becomes more intense, and the individual perceives having a relationship with the celebrity, the more the individual is prone to fantasies."[16]

Celebrity worship syndrome can lead to the manifestation of unhealthy tendencies such as materialism and compulsive buying, which can be supported by a study carried out by Robert. A. Reeves, Gary. A. Baker and Chris. S. Truluck. The results of this study link high rates of celebrity worship to high rates of materialism and compulsive buying.[17]

A number of historical,[18][19] ethnographic,[20][21][22][23][24][25] netnographic[26] and auto-ethnographic studies[27][28] in diverse academic disciplines such as film studies, media studies, cultural studies and consumer research, which – unlike McCutcheon et al. focused mainly on a student sample (with two exceptions) – have actually studied real fans in the field, have come to very different conclusions that are more in line with Horton & Wohl's[29] original concept of parasocial interaction or an earlier study by Leets.[30]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Sansone, Randy A.; Sansone, Lori A. (2014). ""I'm Your Number One Fan"— A Clinical Look at Celebrity Worship". Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience. 11 (1–2): 39–43. ISSN 2158-8333. PMC 3960781. PMID 24653942.
  2. ^ "On the 18th-Century Origins of Celebrity Worship". Literary Hub. 2019-06-10. Retrieved 2021-01-30.
  3. ^ a b . Campus Advocacy Network. University of Illinois at Chicago. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015.
  4. ^ a b c Maltby J, Houran J, McCutcheon LE (January 2003). "A clinical interpretation of attitudes and behaviors associated with celebrity worship". The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 191 (1): 25–9. doi:10.1097/00005053-200301000-00005. PMID 12544596. S2CID 6920516.
  5. ^ a b Kim JH, Lennon SJ (January 2007). "Mass media and self-esteem, body image, and eating disorder tendencies". Clothing and Textiles Research Journal. 25 (1): 3–23. doi:10.1177/0887302X06296873. S2CID 10966921.
  6. ^ a b Maltby J, Giles DC, Barber L, McCutcheon LE (February 2005). "Intense-personal celebrity worship and body image: evidence of a link among female adolescents". British Journal of Health Psychology. 10 (Pt 1): 17–32. doi:10.1348/135910704X15257. PMID 15826331.
  7. ^ Maltby J, Day L (November 2011). "Celebrity worship and incidence of elective cosmetic surgery: evidence of a link among young adults" (PDF). The Journal of Adolescent Health. 49 (5): 483–9. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.12.014. PMID 22018562.
  8. ^ "Celebrity Stalking Victims". Daily News. New York.
  9. ^ Kamphuis JH, Emmelkamp PM (March 2000). "Stalking--a contemporary challenge for forensic and clinical psychiatry". The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science. 176 (3): 206–9. doi:10.1192/bjp.176.3.206. PMID 10755065.
  10. ^ . Archived from the original on 17 March 2016.
  11. ^ Maltby, John; Day, Liz; McCutcheon, Lynn E.; Martin, Matthew M.; Cayanus, Jacob L. (2004-11-01). "Celebrity worship, cognitive flexibility, and social complexity". Personality and Individual Differences. 37 (7): 1475–1482. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.02.004. ISSN 0191-8869.
  12. ^ Sansone, Randy A.; Sansone, Lori A. (2014). ""I'm Your Number One Fan"— A Clinical Look at Celebrity Worship". Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience. 11 (1–2): 39–43. ISSN 2158-8333. PMC 3960781. PMID 24653942.
  13. ^ Court, Andrew (2022-01-05). "Celebrity-obsessed people are less intelligent, new study boldly claims". New York Post. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  14. ^ Brooks, Samantha K. (2018-09-26). "FANatics: Systematic literature review of factors associated with celebrity worship, and suggested directions for future research". Current Psychology. 40 (2): 864–886. doi:10.1007/s12144-018-9978-4. ISSN 1936-4733.
  15. ^ Maltby J, Day L, McCutcheon LE, Houran J, Ashe D (January 2006). "Extreme celebrity worship, fantasy proneness and dissociation: Developing the measurement and understanding of celebrity worship within a clinical personality context". Personality and Individual Differences. 40 (2): 273–83. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.004.
  16. ^ Stalking, threatening, and attacking public figures : a psychological and behavioral analysis. Meloy, J. Reid., Sheridan, Lorraine., Hoffmann, Jens (Jens M.), 1968-. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-19-804371-3. OCLC 271473057.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  17. ^ Reeves RA, Baker GA, Truluck CS (September 2012). "Celebrity worship, materialism, compulsive buying, and the empty self". Psychology & Marketing. 29 (9): 674–9. doi:10.1002/mar.20553.
  18. ^ Barbas S (2001). Movie Crazy: Fans, Stars and the Cult of Celebrity. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  19. ^ Hansen M (1991). "Pleasure, Ambivalence, Identification: Valentino and Female Spectatorship.". In Gledhill C (ed.). Stardom: Industry of Desire. London: Routledge. pp. 259–282.
  20. ^ Henry P, Caldwell M (2007). "Imprinting, Incubation and Intensification: Factors Contributing to Fan-Club Formation and Continuance.". In Cova B, Kozinets RV, Shankar A (eds.). Consumer Tribes. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 163–173.
  21. ^ Jenkins H (1992). Textual Poachers: Television Fans and Participatory Culture. London: Routledge.
  22. ^ Kozinets RV (2001). "Utopian Enterprise: Articulating the Meanings of Star Trek's Culture of Consumption". Journal of Consumer Research. 28 (1): 67–88. doi:10.1086/321948.
  23. ^ O'Guinn TC (1991). "Touching Greatness: The Central Midwest Barry Manilow Fan Club.". In Belk RW (ed.). Highways and Buyways: Naturalistic Research from the Consumer Behaviour Odyssey. Duluth, MN: Association for Consumer Research. pp. 102–111.
  24. ^ Richardson B, Turley (2006). "Support Your Local Team: Resistance, Subculture and the Desire for Distinction" (PDF). Advances in Consumer Research. 33: 175–180.
  25. ^ Stacey J (1994). Star Gazing: Hollywood Cinema and Female Spectatorship. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415091794.
  26. ^ Kozinets RV (1997). "I Want to Believe: A Netnography of The X-Philes' Subculture of Consumption". Advances in Consumer Research. 24: 470–475.
  27. ^ Holbrook MB (1987). "An Audiovisual Inventory of Some Fanatic Consumer Behavior: The 25-Cent Tour of a Jazz Collector's Home". Advances in Consumer Research. 14: 144–149.
  28. ^ Wohlfeil M, Whelan S (2008). . Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Conference 2008 at Aberdeen Business School. Aberdeen: Academy of Marketing. Archived from the original on 2010-12-16. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
  29. ^ Horton D, Wohl RR (1956). "Mass Communication and Parasocial Interaction". Psychiatry. 19 (1): 215–229. doi:10.1080/00332747.1956.11023049. PMID 13359569.
  30. ^ Leets L, de Becker G, Giles H (1995). "Fans: Exploring Expressed Motivations for Contacting Celebrities". Journal of Language and Social Psychology. 14 (1–2): 102–123. doi:10.1177/0261927X95141006. S2CID 220353226.

Further reading edit

  • Arnould EJ, Thompson CJ (March 2005). "Consumer culture theory (CCT): Twenty years of research". Journal of Consumer Research. 31 (4): 868–82. doi:10.1086/426626.
  • Calder BJ, Tybout AM (1987). "What Consumer Research is... ". Journal of Consumer Research. 14 (1): 136–140. doi:10.1086/209101.
  • Hirschman EC, Holbrook MB (1992). Postmodern Consumer Research: The Study of Consumption as Text. London: Sage.
  • Holbrook MB (1995). Consumer Research: Introspective Essays on the Study of Consumption. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • McCutcheon LE, Lange R, Houran J (2002). "Conceptualization and Measurement of Celebrity Worship". British Journal of Psychology. 93 (1): 67–87. doi:10.1348/000712602162454. PMID 11839102.
  • McCutcheon LE, Scott VB, Arugate MS, Parker J (2006). "Exploring the Link Between Attachment and the Inclination to Obsess About or Stalk Celebrities". North American Journal of Psychology. 8 (2): 289–300.

November 26, 2023
celebrity, worship, syndrome, celebrity, obsession, disorder, obsessive, addictive, disorder, which, person, becomes, overly, involved, with, details, celebrity, personal, professional, life, psychologists, have, indicated, that, though, many, people, obsess, . Celebrity worship syndrome CWS or celebrity obsession disorder COD is an obsessive addictive disorder in which a person becomes overly involved with the details of a celebrity s personal and professional life 1 Psychologists have indicated that though many people obsess over film television sport and pop stars the only common factor between them is that they are all figures in the public eye Written observations of celebrity worship date back to the 19th century 2 Contents 1 Classifications 1 1 Simple obsessional 1 2 Entertainment social 1 3 Intense personal 1 4 Love obsessional 1 5 Erotomanic 1 6 Borderline pathological 2 Mental health 3 See also 4 References 5 Further readingClassifications editSimple obsessional edit Simple obsessional stalking constitutes a majority of all stalking cases anywhere from 69 to 79 and is dominated by males This form of stalking is generally associated with individuals who have shared previous personal relationships with their victims However this is not necessarily the case between a common member of the public exhibiting celebrity worship syndrome and the famous person with whom they are obsessed Individuals that meet the criteria of being labeled as a simple obsessional stalker tend to share a set of characteristics including an inability to have successful personal relationships in their own lives social awkwardness feelings of powerlessness a sense of insecurity and very low self esteem Of these characteristics low self esteem plays a large role in the obsession that these individuals develop with their victim in this case the famous person If the individual is unable to have any sort of connection to the celebrity with which they are obsessed their own sense of self worth may decline 3 Entertainment social edit This level of admiration is linked to a celebrity s ability to capture the attention of their fans Entertainment social celebrity worship is used to describe a relatively low level of obsession An example of a typical entertainment social attitude would be My friends and I like to discuss what my favorite celebrity has done 4 It may also be seen in the form of obsessively following celebrities on social media although considered the lowest level of celebrity worship It has been seen to have a number of negative effects with regards the development of unhealthy eating tendencies eating disorders anxiety depression poor body image and low self esteem especially in young adolescents aged 13 to mid 20s This can be supported by a study carried out on a group of female adolescents between the ages of 17 20 5 Intense personal edit This is an intermediate level of obsession that is associated with neuroticism as well as behaviors linked to psychoticism An example of an intense personal attitude toward a celebrity would include claims such as I consider my favorite celebrity to be my soul mate 4 It has been found that in particular people who worship celebrities in this manner often have low self esteem with regards to their body type especially if they think that the celebrity is physically attractive 6 The effects of intense personal celebrity worship on body image are seen in some cases of cosmetic surgery Females who have high levels of obsession are more accepting of cosmetic surgery than those who do not obsess over celebrities to this extent 7 Love obsessional edit As the name suggests individuals who demonstrate this sort of stalking behavior develop a love obsession with somebody who they have no personal relation to Love obsessional stalking accounts for roughly 20 25 of all stalking cases The people that demonstrate this form of stalking behavior are likely to have a mental disorder commonly either schizophrenia or paranoia Individuals that are love obsessional stalkers often convince themselves that they are in fact in a relationship with the subject of their obsession For example a woman who had been stalking David Letterman for a total of five years claimed to be his wife when she had no personal connection to him 3 Other celebrities who have fallen victim to this form of stalking include Jennifer Aniston Halle Berry Jodie Foster and Mila Kunis along with numerous other A list stars 8 Erotomanic edit Erotomanic originating from the word erotomania refers to stalkers who genuinely believe that their victims are in love with them The victims in this case are almost always well known within their community or within the media meaning that they can range from small town celebrities to famous personalities from Hollywood Comprising less than 10 of all stalking cases erotomanic stalkers are the least common Unlike simple obsessional stalkers a majority of the individuals in this category of stalking are women Similar to love obsessional stalkers the behavior of erotomanic stalkers may be a result of an underlying psychological disorder such as schizophrenia bipolar disorder or major depression 9 Individuals who have erotomania tend to believe that the celebrity with whom they are obsessed with is utilizing the media as a way to communicate with them by sending special messages or signals Although these stalkers have unrealistic beliefs they are less likely to seek any form of face to face interaction with their celebrity obsession therefore posing less of a threat to them 10 Borderline pathological edit This classification is the most severe level of celebrity worship It is characterized by pathological attitudes and behaviors as a result of celebrity worship This includes willingness to commit crime on behalf of the celebrity who is the object of worship or to spend money on common items used by the celebrity at some point such as napkins 4 11 12 Mental health editEvidence indicates that poor mental health is correlated with celebrity worship 13 Researchers have examined the relationship between celebrity worship and mental health in United Kingdom adult samples One study found evidence to suggest that the intense personal celebrity worship dimension was related to higher levels of depression and anxiety Similarly another study in 2004 found that the intense personal celebrity worship dimension was not only related to higher levels of depression and anxiety but also higher levels of stress negative affect and reports of illness Both these studies showed no evidence for a significant relationship between either the entertainment social or the borderline pathological dimensions of celebrity worship and mental health 14 Another correlated pathology examined the role of celebrity interest in shaping body image cognitions Among three separate UK samples adolescents students and older adults individuals selected a celebrity of their own sex whose body figure they liked and admired and then completed the Celebrity Attitude Scale along with two measures of body image Significant relationships were found between attitudes toward celebrities and body image among female adolescents only 6 The findings suggested that in female adolescence there is an interaction between intense personal celebrity worship and body image between the ages of 14 and 16 and some tentative evidence suggest that this relationship disappears at the onset of adulthood which is between the ages of 17 and 20 These results are consistent with the authors who stress the importance of the formation of relationships with media figures and suggest that relationships with celebrities perceived as having a good body shape may lead to a poor body image in female adolescents This can be again supported by a study carried out which investigated the link between mass media and its direct correlation to poor self worth body image in a sample group of females between the ages of 17 and 20 5 Within a clinical context the effect of celebrity might be more extreme particularly when considering extreme aspects of celebrity worship Relationships between the three classifications of celebrity worship entertainment social intense personal and borderline pathological celebrity worship and obsessiveness ego identity fantasy proneness and dissociation were examined Two of these variables drew particular attention fantasy proneness and dissociation Fantasy proneness involves fantasizing for a duration of time reporting hallucinatory intensities as real reporting vivid childhood memories having intense religious and paranormal experiences Dissociation is the lack of a normal integration of experiences feelings and thoughts in everyday consciousness and memory in addition it is related to a number of psychiatric problems 15 Though low levels of celebrity worship entertainment social are not associated with any clinical measures medium levels of celebrity worship intense personal are related to fantasy proneness approximately 10 of the shared variance while high levels of celebrity worship borderline pathological share a greater association with fantasy proneness around 14 of the shared variance and dissociation around 3 of the shared variance though the effect size of this is small and most probably due to the large sample size This finding suggests that as celebrity worship becomes more intense and the individual perceives having a relationship with the celebrity the more the individual is prone to fantasies 16 Celebrity worship syndrome can lead to the manifestation of unhealthy tendencies such as materialism and compulsive buying which can be supported by a study carried out by Robert A Reeves Gary A Baker and Chris S Truluck The results of this study link high rates of celebrity worship to high rates of materialism and compulsive buying 17 A number of historical 18 19 ethnographic 20 21 22 23 24 25 netnographic 26 and auto ethnographic studies 27 28 in diverse academic disciplines such as film studies media studies cultural studies and consumer research which unlike McCutcheon et al focused mainly on a student sample with two exceptions have actually studied real fans in the field have come to very different conclusions that are more in line with Horton amp Wohl s 29 original concept of parasocial interaction or an earlier study by Leets 30 See also editAnti fan Fanaticism Fictosexuality Nijikon Obsessive love Paparazzi Parasocial interaction Sasaeng fan Stalking Stan fan YandereReferences edit Sansone Randy A Sansone Lori A 2014 I m Your Number One Fan A Clinical Look at Celebrity Worship Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience 11 1 2 39 43 ISSN 2158 8333 PMC 3960781 PMID 24653942 On the 18th Century Origins of Celebrity Worship Literary Hub 2019 06 10 Retrieved 2021 01 30 a b Profile of the Stalker Campus Advocacy Network University of Illinois at Chicago Archived from the original on 15 February 2015 a b c Maltby J Houran J McCutcheon LE January 2003 A clinical interpretation of attitudes and behaviors associated with celebrity worship The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 191 1 25 9 doi 10 1097 00005053 200301000 00005 PMID 12544596 S2CID 6920516 a b Kim JH Lennon SJ January 2007 Mass media and self esteem body image and eating disorder tendencies Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 25 1 3 23 doi 10 1177 0887302X06296873 S2CID 10966921 a b Maltby J Giles DC Barber L McCutcheon LE February 2005 Intense personal celebrity worship and body image evidence of a link among female adolescents British Journal of Health Psychology 10 Pt 1 17 32 doi 10 1348 135910704X15257 PMID 15826331 Maltby J Day L November 2011 Celebrity worship and incidence of elective cosmetic surgery evidence of a link among young adults PDF The Journal of Adolescent Health 49 5 483 9 doi 10 1016 j jadohealth 2010 12 014 PMID 22018562 Celebrity Stalking Victims Daily News New York Kamphuis JH Emmelkamp PM March 2000 Stalking a contemporary challenge for forensic and clinical psychiatry The British Journal of Psychiatry The Journal of Mental Science 176 3 206 9 doi 10 1192 bjp 176 3 206 PMID 10755065 Psychology of stalking Archived from the original on 17 March 2016 Maltby John Day Liz McCutcheon Lynn E Martin Matthew M Cayanus Jacob L 2004 11 01 Celebrity worship cognitive flexibility and social complexity Personality and Individual Differences 37 7 1475 1482 doi 10 1016 j paid 2004 02 004 ISSN 0191 8869 Sansone Randy A Sansone Lori A 2014 I m Your Number One Fan A Clinical Look at Celebrity Worship Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience 11 1 2 39 43 ISSN 2158 8333 PMC 3960781 PMID 24653942 Court Andrew 2022 01 05 Celebrity obsessed people are less intelligent new study boldly claims New York Post Retrieved 2022 11 27 Brooks Samantha K 2018 09 26 FANatics Systematic literature review of factors associated with celebrity worship and suggested directions for future research Current Psychology 40 2 864 886 doi 10 1007 s12144 018 9978 4 ISSN 1936 4733 Maltby J Day L McCutcheon LE Houran J Ashe D January 2006 Extreme celebrity worship fantasy proneness and dissociation Developing the measurement and understanding of celebrity worship within a clinical personality context Personality and Individual Differences 40 2 273 83 doi 10 1016 j paid 2005 07 004 Stalking threatening and attacking public figures a psychological and behavioral analysis Meloy J Reid Sheridan Lorraine Hoffmann Jens Jens M 1968 Oxford Oxford University Press 2008 ISBN 978 0 19 804371 3 OCLC 271473057 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Reeves RA Baker GA Truluck CS September 2012 Celebrity worship materialism compulsive buying and the empty self Psychology amp Marketing 29 9 674 9 doi 10 1002 mar 20553 Barbas S 2001 Movie Crazy Fans Stars and the Cult of Celebrity New York Palgrave Macmillan Hansen M 1991 Pleasure Ambivalence Identification Valentino and Female Spectatorship In Gledhill C ed Stardom Industry of Desire London Routledge pp 259 282 Henry P Caldwell M 2007 Imprinting Incubation and Intensification Factors Contributing to Fan Club Formation and Continuance In Cova B Kozinets RV Shankar A eds Consumer Tribes Oxford Butterworth Heinemann pp 163 173 Jenkins H 1992 Textual Poachers Television Fans and Participatory Culture London Routledge Kozinets RV 2001 Utopian Enterprise Articulating the Meanings of Star Trek s Culture of Consumption Journal of Consumer Research 28 1 67 88 doi 10 1086 321948 O Guinn TC 1991 Touching Greatness The Central Midwest Barry Manilow Fan Club In Belk RW ed Highways and Buyways Naturalistic Research from the Consumer Behaviour Odyssey Duluth MN Association for Consumer Research pp 102 111 Richardson B Turley 2006 Support Your Local Team Resistance Subculture and the Desire for Distinction PDF Advances in Consumer Research 33 175 180 Stacey J 1994 Star Gazing Hollywood Cinema and Female Spectatorship London Routledge ISBN 9780415091794 Kozinets RV 1997 I Want to Believe A Netnography of The X Philes Subculture of Consumption Advances in Consumer Research 24 470 475 Holbrook MB 1987 An Audiovisual Inventory of Some Fanatic Consumer Behavior The 25 Cent Tour of a Jazz Collector s Home Advances in Consumer Research 14 144 149 Wohlfeil M Whelan S 2008 The Book of Stars Some Alternative Insights into Celebrity Fandom Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Conference 2008 at Aberdeen Business School Aberdeen Academy of Marketing Archived from the original on 2010 12 16 Retrieved 2010 02 11 Horton D Wohl RR 1956 Mass Communication and Parasocial Interaction Psychiatry 19 1 215 229 doi 10 1080 00332747 1956 11023049 PMID 13359569 Leets L de Becker G Giles H 1995 Fans Exploring Expressed Motivations for Contacting Celebrities Journal of Language and Social Psychology 14 1 2 102 123 doi 10 1177 0261927X95141006 S2CID 220353226 Further reading editArnould EJ Thompson CJ March 2005 Consumer culture theory CCT Twenty years of research Journal of Consumer Research 31 4 868 82 doi 10 1086 426626 Calder BJ Tybout AM 1987 What Consumer Research is Journal of Consumer Research 14 1 136 140 doi 10 1086 209101 Hirschman EC Holbrook MB 1992 Postmodern Consumer Research The Study of Consumption as Text London Sage Holbrook MB 1995 Consumer Research Introspective Essays on the Study of Consumption Thousand Oaks CA Sage McCutcheon LE Lange R Houran J 2002 Conceptualization and Measurement of Celebrity Worship British Journal of Psychology 93 1 67 87 doi 10 1348 000712602162454 PMID 11839102 McCutcheon LE Scott VB Arugate MS Parker J 2006 Exploring the Link Between Attachment and the Inclination to Obsess About or Stalk Celebrities North American Journal of Psychology 8 2 289 300 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Celebrity worship syndrome amp oldid 1182644091, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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