Figs 1, 1a, 1b larva after last moult, from holly 1c, 1d larva after last moult, from ivy 1e pupa from holly
The holly blue has pale silver-blue wings spotted with pale ivory dots. Seitz describes it "Male above shining violet blue, only the apical portion of the costal margin being minutely edged with white. The female has both wings broadly bordered with dark, the margin of the hindwing bearing vestiges of ocelli. Underside silver-white, in the disc a row of black dots, some of which are elongate, and before the margin blackish shadowy dots. Egg very flat, whitish. Larva green or brown, marked with yellowish white, bearing catenulate (chain-like) stripes on the back, on segment 7 a gland to attract ants; head brown. On Ivy, Ilex, Euonymus, Rhamnus, Robinia, Genista, Spartium, Astragalus, Rubus, Erica, Pyrus and many other plants; in Europe visited usually by ants of the genus Lasius; in June and the autumn. Pupa mostly fastened to the underside of a leaf, ochreous with brown spots and markings. The butterflies in the spring and again in July, occasionally a third time at the end of August and in September, everywhere common, particularly at the flowers of ivy and brambles."[3] In Europe, the first generation feeds mainly on the holly species Ilex aquifolium but the second generation uses a range of food plants.[4]
The holly blue is the national butterfly of Finland.[5]
Taxonomyedit
This species was originally described as Papilio argiolus by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, and refers to the examples flying in Europe. In their monograph on the Lycaenopsis group of polyommatine genera, Eliot & Kawazoe, 1983, list 14 taxa as valid subspecies names, plus many further synonyms to which they accord lesser status. According to Eliot & Kawazoe, 1983, these 14 subspecies are divided into four groups as follows:
The argiolus group
Palaearctic & North African
C. a. argiolus
C. a. bieneri
C. a. hypoleuca
=paraleuca Rober
C. a. mauretanica
=algirica Oberthur
The kollari group
South and South-East Asian
C. a. iynteana
=sikkima Moore
=victoria Swinhoe
=herophilus Fruhstorfer
=cition Fruhstorfer
=bothrinoides Chapman
=puspargiolus Chapman
=albocaeruloides Chapman
C. a. kollari
=kasmira Moore
=coelestina Kollar
=trita Swinhoe
The ladonides group
Far Eastern
C. a. caphis
=crimissa Fruhstorfer
C. a. ladonides
=levettii Butler
=sachalinensis Esaki
=heringi Kardakoff
C. a. sugurui
Common namesedit
In India, C. argiolus is known as the hill hedge blue.[6]
The holly blue is subject to marked population cycles which appear to be caused by interactions with the parasitoid ichneumon wasp Listrodromus nycthemerus. The wasp lays an egg on a holly blue caterpillar, inserting the egg into the caterpillar's body and the adult wasp emerges from the chrysalis, killing the chrysalis before its emergence. The population of the butterfly is tracked by that of the wasp, when butterfly populations are low the wasp population falls and this allows the butterfly population to increase and the population of L. nycthemerus can increase as there are more hosts available to be parasitised. As more caterpillars are parasitised the butterfly population crashes.[7]
^Seitz, Adalbert, ed. (1909). Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes. Band 1: Die palaearktischen Tagfalter. Vol. 1. p. 322. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
^Butterfly Conservation A-Z of butterflies 2010-06-20 at the Wayback Machine
^. suomifinland100.fi. Archived from the original on 2018-06-19. Retrieved 2017-08-01.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Celastrina argiolus.
Wikispecies has information related to Celastrina argiolus.
Savela, Markku. . Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Archived from the original on April 3, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
April 05, 2024
holly, blue, holly, blue, celastrina, argiolus, butterfly, that, belongs, lycaenids, blues, family, native, palearctic, malefemaleboth, cumnor, hill, oxford, englandconservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, scientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotakingdom, a. The holly blue Celastrina argiolus 2 is a butterfly that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family and is native to the Palearctic Holly blueMaleFemaleboth Cumnor Hill Oxford EnglandConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass InsectaOrder LepidopteraFamily LycaenidaeGenus CelastrinaSpecies C argiolusBinomial nameCelastrina argiolus Linnaeus 1758 SynonymsPapilio cleobis Sulzer 1776 Papilio thersanon Bergstrasser 1779 Papilio argyphontes Bergstrasser 1779 Papilio argalus Bergstrasse 1779 Papilio Argus marginatus Retzius 1783 Lycaenopsis argiolus calidogenita Verity 1919 Lycaenopsis argiolus britanna Verity 1919 Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 3 Common names 4 Range 5 Population cycle 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksDescription edit nbsp Figs 1 1a 1b larva after last moult from holly 1c 1d larva after last moult from ivy 1e pupa from hollyThe holly blue has pale silver blue wings spotted with pale ivory dots Seitz describes it Male above shining violet blue only the apical portion of the costal margin being minutely edged with white The female has both wings broadly bordered with dark the margin of the hindwing bearing vestiges of ocelli Underside silver white in the disc a row of black dots some of which are elongate and before the margin blackish shadowy dots Egg very flat whitish Larva green or brown marked with yellowish white bearing catenulate chain like stripes on the back on segment 7 a gland to attract ants head brown On Ivy Ilex Euonymus Rhamnus Robinia Genista Spartium Astragalus Rubus Erica Pyrus and many other plants in Europe visited usually by ants of the genus Lasius in June and the autumn Pupa mostly fastened to the underside of a leaf ochreous with brown spots and markings The butterflies in the spring and again in July occasionally a third time at the end of August and in September everywhere common particularly at the flowers of ivy and brambles 3 In Europe the first generation feeds mainly on the holly species Ilex aquifolium but the second generation uses a range of food plants 4 The holly blue is the national butterfly of Finland 5 Taxonomy editThis species was originally described as Papilio argiolus by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 and refers to the examples flying in Europe In their monograph on the Lycaenopsis group of polyommatine genera Eliot amp Kawazoe 1983 list 14 taxa as valid subspecies names plus many further synonyms to which they accord lesser status According to Eliot amp Kawazoe 1983 these 14 subspecies are divided into four groups as follows The argiolus groupPalaearctic amp North African C a argiolus C a bieneri C a hypoleuca paraleuca RoberC a mauretanica algirica OberthurThe kollari groupSouth and South East Asian C a iynteana sikkima Moore victoria Swinhoe herophilus Fruhstorfer cition Fruhstorfer bothrinoides Chapman puspargiolus Chapman albocaeruloides ChapmanC a kollari kasmira Moore coelestina Kollar trita Swinhoe The ladonides groupFar Eastern C a caphis crimissa FruhstorferC a ladonides levettii Butler sachalinensis Esaki heringi KardakoffC a suguruiCommon names editIn India C argiolus is known as the hill hedge blue 6 nbsp female laying egg Bulgaria nbsp Egg nbsp Imago nbsp Female nbsp Bottom sides of the wings nbsp MaleRange editFound in Eurasia and South Asia it occurs from Chitral in Pakistan to Kumaon in India 6 Population cycle editThe holly blue is subject to marked population cycles which appear to be caused by interactions with the parasitoid ichneumon wasp Listrodromus nycthemerus The wasp lays an egg on a holly blue caterpillar inserting the egg into the caterpillar s body and the adult wasp emerges from the chrysalis killing the chrysalis before its emergence The population of the butterfly is tracked by that of the wasp when butterfly populations are low the wasp population falls and this allows the butterfly population to increase and the population of L nycthemerus can increase as there are more hosts available to be parasitised As more caterpillars are parasitised the butterfly population crashes 7 See also editList of butterflies of India List of butterflies of India Lycaenidae List of butterflies of Great BritainReferences edit van Swaay C Wynhoff I Verovnik R et al 2010 Celastrina argiolus Europe assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 e T174235A7033895 Retrieved 13 June 2023 Beccaloni G Scoble M Kitching I Simonsen T Robinson G Pitkin B Hine A Lyal C eds 2003 Celastrina argiolus The Global Lepidoptera Names Index Natural History Museum Retrieved April 20 2018 Seitz Adalbert ed 1909 Die Grossschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes Band 1 Die palaearktischen Tagfalter Vol 1 p 322 Retrieved 2023 01 11 Butterfly Conservation A Z of butterflies Archived 2010 06 20 at the Wayback Machine Finland s national butterfly is the holly blue Suomi 100 suomifinland100 fi Archived from the original on 2018 06 19 Retrieved 2017 08 01 a b Evans W H 1932 The Identification of Indian Butterflies 2nd ed Mumbai India Bombay Natural History Society pp 221 226 ser no H21 24 Holly Blue defies predatory wasp Big Butterfly Count results Butterfly Conservation 9 October 2015 Retrieved 13 June 2023 Beccaloni George Scoble Malcolm Kitching Ian Simonsen Thomas Robinson Gaden Pitkin Brian Hine Adrian Lyal Chris The Global Lepidoptera Names Index LepIndex Natural History Museum London Retrieved 2016 10 15 Eliot J N and Kawazoe A 1983 Blue butterflies of theLycaenopsisgroup 1 309 6 pls London Evans W H 1932 The Identification of Indian Butterflies 2nd ed Mumbai India Bombay Natural History Society Willmott Ken and Freed Tim 1999 The Holly Blue Butterfly Butterfly Conservation Colchester UK 20p ISBN 0 9522602 7 1 Celastrina argiolus Integrated Taxonomic Information System Retrieved 6 February 2006 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Celastrina argiolus nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Celastrina argiolus Savela Markku Celastrina argiolus Linnaeus 1758 Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms Archived from the original on April 3 2018 Retrieved April 3 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Holly blue amp oldid 1161186870, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
