General Carrera Lake (Chilean part, officially renamed in 1959)[2] or Lake Buenos Aires (Argentine part) is a deep lake located in Patagonia and shared by Argentina and Chile. Both names are internationally accepted, while the autochthonous name of the lake is Chelenko, which means "stormy waters" in Aonikenk.[3] Another historical name is Coluguape from Mapuche, a derivative of this name is applied to Colhué Huapí Lake after Argentine explorer Francisco Moreno reached this lake in 1876 conflating it with Coluguape (General Carrera Lake).[4]
The weather in this area of Chile and Argentina is generally cold and humid. But the lake itself has a sunny microclimate, a weather pattern enjoyed by the few settlements along the lake, such as Puerto Guadal, Fachinal, Mallín Grande, Puerto Murta, Puerto Río Tranquilo, Puerto Sánchez, Puerto Ingeniero Ibáñez and Chile Chico in Chile, and Los Antiguos and Perito Moreno in Argentina.
The area near the coast of the lake was first inhabited by criollos and European immigrants between 1900 and 1925. In 1971 and 1991, eruptions of the Hudson Volcano severely affected the local economy, especially that of sheep farming. A car ferry operates between Puerto Ingeniero Ibáñez and Chile Chico in the Chilean sector of the lake. The lake is known as a trout and salmon fishing destination.
The lake has a surface of 1,850 km2 (710 sq mi) of which 970 square kilometres (370 sq mi) are in the Chilean Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region, and 880 square kilometres (340 sq mi) in the Argentine Santa Cruz Province, making it the biggest lake in Chile, and the fourth largest in Argentina. In its western basin, Lake Gen. Carrera has 586 m (1,923 ft) maximum depth.[5]
Geologyedit
The lake occupies a continental-scale graben formed by SWS-ENE normal faults that have resulted in down-dropping the bottom of the lake to 350 meters (1,150 ft) below mean sea level.[6] Preservation of younger lithostratigraphic units within the graben form reverse stratigraphy with older units exposed at higher topographic elevations to the south. The graben channeled mountain glaciers which formed terminal moraine helping to modify the present-day shape of the lake. The tectonic activity that formed the depression can be inferred to subduction of the triple joint that has occurred over the past 20 million years, as indicated by ripple marks in volcaniclastic sediments observed along the southern shoreline. There is some speculation on whether the tectonics and crustal heat flow in the lake area are influenced by the asthenospheric window that exists beneath the crust in this region of Patagonia.[7]
The Marble Caves, Marble Chapel, and Marble Cathedral are unusual geological formations located on the shoreline midway along the lake's length. They represent a group of caverns, columns, and tunnels formed in monoliths of marble. The Marble Caves have been formed by wave action over the last 6,200 years.[8]
Folded and weathered marble at General Carrera Lake
Referencesedit
^ abEarth Info, earth-info.nga.mil webpage: . Archived from the original on 2012-05-04. Retrieved 2010-06-27.
^"Ley N.º 13.375: Crea y fija los limites de los departamentos de Palena, Aysén, Coyhaique y Chile Chico y las de sus respectivas comunas-subdelegaciones". Ministerio del Interior de Chile. 1959-09-09.
^Prudencio Vergara, Guillermo (2019-05-06). "Una "fiebre del oro" junto al mayor lago de la Patagonia" [A "gold fever" along the major lake in Patagonia]. El País (in Spanish). Chile Chico. Retrieved 2021-12-29.
^ abMelo, Walter D.; Scordo, Facundo; Perillo, Gerardo M. E.; Píccolo, M. Cintia (2017). "Identificación del lago "Coluguape" en la cartografía histórica (1775-1898): Su vinculación con el lago Buenos aires-General Carrera y el sistema lacustre Musters-Colhue Huapi" [Identification of the "Coluguape" lake in historical cartography (1775-1898): Its connection to the Buenos Aires-General Carrera lake and Musters- Colhue Huapi lake system]. Magallania (in Spanish). 45 (1): 15–33. doi:10.4067/S0718-22442017000100015. hdl:11336/27464.
^Murdie et al. 1999, Geo-Marine Letters 18:315-320.
^B. Scalabrino, et al., A morphotectonic analysis of central Patagonian Cordillera: Negative inversion of the Andean belt over a buried spreading center?, TECTONICS, VOL. 29, TC2010, doi:10.1029/2009TC002453, 2010
^Lagabrielle, Yves; Suárez, Manuel; Rossello, Eduardo A.; Hérail, Gérard; Martinod, Joseph; Régnier, Marc; de la Cruz, Rita (2004). "Neogene to Quaternary tectonic evolution of the Patagonian Andes at the latitude of the Chile Triple Junction". Tectonophysics. 385 (1–4): 211–241. Bibcode:2004Tectp.385..211L. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2004.04.023.
^"The Marble Caves (Cavernas de Mármol)". Wondermondo. 2012-01-10.
External linksedit
Media related to General Carrera Lake at Wikimedia Commons
April 14, 2024
general, carrera, lake, chilean, part, officially, renamed, 1959, lake, buenos, aires, argentine, part, deep, lake, located, patagonia, shared, argentina, chile, both, names, internationally, accepted, while, autochthonous, name, lake, chelenko, which, means, . General Carrera Lake Chilean part officially renamed in 1959 2 or Lake Buenos Aires Argentine part is a deep lake located in Patagonia and shared by Argentina and Chile Both names are internationally accepted while the autochthonous name of the lake is Chelenko which means stormy waters in Aonikenk 3 Another historical name is Coluguape from Mapuche a derivative of this name is applied to Colhue Huapi Lake after Argentine explorer Francisco Moreno reached this lake in 1876 conflating it with Coluguape General Carrera Lake 4 General Carrera LakeBuenos Aires Lake Lake Buenos AiresGeneral Carrera Lake in the Aysen RegionGeneral Carrera LakeLocationLago Buenos Aires Department Santa Cruz Province Argentina General Carrera Province Aysen del General Carlos Ibanez del Campo Region Chile in PatagoniaCoordinates46 26 15 S 71 42 54 W 46 43750 S 71 71500 W 46 43750 71 71500 1 TypeMoraine dammedPrimary inflowsSoler Los Antiguos Jeinemeni Ibanez San Martin DeltaPrimary outflowsBertrand Lake and then Baker River Pacific Ocean Deseado River Atlantic Ocean Catchment area14 861 km2 5 738 sq mi Basin countriesArgentina ChileSurface area1 850 km2 710 sq mi Average depth400 m 1 300 ft Max depth586 m 1 923 ft Water volume740 km3 180 cu mi Shore length1707 km 439 mi Surface elevation217 m 712 ft FrozenneverSettlementsChile Chico Puerto Ingeniero Ibanez Puerto Guadal Los AntiguosReferences 1 1 Shore length is not a well defined measure The lake is of glacial origin and is surrounded by the Andes mountain range The lake drains to the Pacific Ocean on the west through the Baker River During the last glaciation the lake drained to the Atlantic through Deseado River 4 The weather in this area of Chile and Argentina is generally cold and humid But the lake itself has a sunny microclimate a weather pattern enjoyed by the few settlements along the lake such as Puerto Guadal Fachinal Mallin Grande Puerto Murta Puerto Rio Tranquilo Puerto Sanchez Puerto Ingeniero Ibanez and Chile Chico in Chile and Los Antiguos and Perito Moreno in Argentina The area near the coast of the lake was first inhabited by criollos and European immigrants between 1900 and 1925 In 1971 and 1991 eruptions of the Hudson Volcano severely affected the local economy especially that of sheep farming A car ferry operates between Puerto Ingeniero Ibanez and Chile Chico in the Chilean sector of the lake The lake is known as a trout and salmon fishing destination Contents 1 Area 2 Geology 3 Gallery 4 References 5 External linksArea editThe lake has a surface of 1 850 km2 710 sq mi of which 970 square kilometres 370 sq mi are in the Chilean Aysen del General Carlos Ibanez del Campo Region and 880 square kilometres 340 sq mi in the Argentine Santa Cruz Province making it the biggest lake in Chile and the fourth largest in Argentina In its western basin Lake Gen Carrera has 586 m 1 923 ft maximum depth 5 Geology editThe lake occupies a continental scale graben formed by SWS ENE normal faults that have resulted in down dropping the bottom of the lake to 350 meters 1 150 ft below mean sea level 6 Preservation of younger lithostratigraphic units within the graben form reverse stratigraphy with older units exposed at higher topographic elevations to the south The graben channeled mountain glaciers which formed terminal moraine helping to modify the present day shape of the lake The tectonic activity that formed the depression can be inferred to subduction of the triple joint that has occurred over the past 20 million years as indicated by ripple marks in volcaniclastic sediments observed along the southern shoreline There is some speculation on whether the tectonics and crustal heat flow in the lake area are influenced by the asthenospheric window that exists beneath the crust in this region of Patagonia 7 The Marble Caves Marble Chapel and Marble Cathedral are unusual geological formations located on the shoreline midway along the lake s length They represent a group of caverns columns and tunnels formed in monoliths of marble The Marble Caves have been formed by wave action over the last 6 200 years 8 Gallery edit nbsp SRTM Topography of the Chilean zone nbsp Boat near Chile Chico in Chile nbsp Map of the Chilean zone nbsp Folded and weathered marble at General Carrera LakeReferences edit a b Earth Info earth info nga mil webpage GNS Country Files Archived from the original on 2012 05 04 Retrieved 2010 06 27 Ley N º 13 375 Crea y fija los limites de los departamentos de Palena Aysen Coyhaique y Chile Chico y las de sus respectivas comunas subdelegaciones Ministerio del Interior de Chile 1959 09 09 Prudencio Vergara Guillermo 2019 05 06 Una fiebre del oro junto al mayor lago de la Patagonia A gold fever along the major lake in Patagonia El Pais in Spanish Chile Chico Retrieved 2021 12 29 a b Melo Walter D Scordo Facundo Perillo Gerardo M E Piccolo M Cintia 2017 Identificacion del lago Coluguape en la cartografia historica 1775 1898 Su vinculacion con el lago Buenos aires General Carrera y el sistema lacustre Musters Colhue Huapi Identification of the Coluguape lake in historical cartography 1775 1898 Its connection to the Buenos Aires General Carrera lake and Musters Colhue Huapi lake system Magallania in Spanish 45 1 15 33 doi 10 4067 S0718 22442017000100015 hdl 11336 27464 Murdie et al 1999 Geo Marine Letters 18 315 320 B Scalabrino et al A morphotectonic analysis of central Patagonian Cordillera Negative inversion of the Andean belt over a buried spreading center TECTONICS VOL 29 TC2010 doi 10 1029 2009TC002453 2010 Lagabrielle Yves Suarez Manuel Rossello Eduardo A Herail Gerard Martinod Joseph Regnier Marc de la Cruz Rita 2004 Neogene to Quaternary tectonic evolution of the Patagonian Andes at the latitude of the Chile Triple Junction Tectonophysics 385 1 4 211 241 Bibcode 2004Tectp 385 211L doi 10 1016 j tecto 2004 04 023 The Marble Caves Cavernas de Marmol Wondermondo 2012 01 10 External links edit nbsp Media related to General Carrera Lake at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title General Carrera Lake amp oldid 1216420739 Geology, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
