Capronia mansonii is a mesophilic black yeast that is a part of the Herpotrichiellaceae.[2] The species is uncommon in nature but is saprotrophic in nature and been discovered on decaying plant matter, particularly wood.[2] This fungus is naturally found in the Netherlands and has successfully been cultured in lab.[3] It is a teleomorph of the ascomycota division and possesses brown spores.[4]
Capronia mansonii is a type of black yeast that was first discovered from an isolated strain in 1968.[2][3] The fungus was originally described from a strain in vitro found in Norway by Marie Beatrice Schol-Schwarz on an aspen tree, and it has not yet been described in situ.[3][5] This fungus was the first species in Herpotrichiellaceae discovered to create ascomata in an isolated culture.[4] It is one of the only five species out of thirty Capronia species that has successfully produced ascomata in vitro.[5] The basionym for this species is Dictyotrichiella mansonii.[6] Its anamorph is thought to be Exophiala mansonii but uncertainty and discourse remains.[3][7] The original anamorph was first thought to be Rhinocladiella atrovirens and then Exophiala castellanii[8][7] An analysis of rRNA gene sequences concluded that C. mansonii is the same biological species as E. castellanii.[7]Capronia mansonii is often misidentified as its sister species Capronia munkii but can be differentiated by its larger and thicker cell walls and more frequent ascospores that transversely septate.[3] It is also differentiated from its anamorph because it lacks conidia, slimy colonies, and aerial hyphae.[9]
Growth and morphologyedit
This fungus is a teleomorph or sexual form that is formed in vitro. This species has yet to be described in situ.[5] The fungus is thought to be closely related to Exophiala dermatitidis, and is often hypothesized in literature to be the teleomorph of E. dermatitidis.[3] The fungus is a part of the ascomycota phylum, also commonly defined as sac fungi. This phylum is often defined by its possession of asci, a microscope sexual structure that produces non-motile spores called ascospores. The asci of C. mansonii produce 8 ascospores upon germination.[3] These ascospores begin with a glassy transparent appearance and then progress to a more grey-yellow, olive, and finally brown colour.[3][6] These ascospores have 4–5 transverse thick-walled septa and 1 incomplete longitudinal septum.[6] The spores have been described in literature as not tight at the septa.[3] Juvenile asci have thicker, longer, and more lightly coloured ascus walls whereas as fully matured asci form thinner dark brown walls that are filled with ascospores.[3] The ascomatal wall itself can range from a brown-yellow to a light brown colour which is commonly seen in other black yeasts.[3]
Physiology and reproductionedit
This mesophilic fungus has been successfully cultured by Untereiner at room temperature ranging from 20–25 °C.[5][10]C. mansonii has also been observed in a yeast budding form.[2] This fungus has a homothallic breeding system indicating that it does not need a partner to sexually reproduce.[5] The ascospores of this fungus have been described to germinate within 12 hours on Oatmeal Agar.[5][4] They appear slimy and resemble yeast within 48 hours, reaching full maturity at 16 weeks.[5] The ascomata that have been grown in lab have been shown to fully mature and develop septae but are unable to produce asci and ascospores.[5] Artificial daylight is thought to be the limiting factor that prevents the production of asci.[10] Further replications of the above experiments revealed that the structure formed may actually be a pseudothecium, an ascocarp that resembles a ascocarp but whose asci do not organize into a hymenium.[10] The pseudothecia grew in abundance and also failed to produce ascospores.[10]
Habitat and ecologyedit
Members of the Capronia family are described as saprotrophic meaning they get their nutrients from decaying matter.[10] Strains of this fungus have been found on various plant hosts, particularly on their leaves.[5] They are regularly found on other decaying ascomycota and basidiomycota in the Netherlands, particularly on the wood of Populus tremula.[6][11] The holotype was discovered on the stems of a Lupinus polyphyllus by Schol-Schwarz in 1968.[6][11] This fungus has occasionally been found on fresh sausages consisting of pork, beef, or mixed meats.[2] They remain unstable on meat and are unable to persist for more than three days in the presence of other lactic acid bacteria.[2]
Referencesedit
^"GSD Species Synonymy. Current Name: Capronia mansonii (Schol-Schwarz) E. Müll., Petrini, P.J. Fisher, Samuels & Rossman, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 88(1): 73 (1987)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
^ abcdefCocolin, L.; Rantsiou, K.; Iucimin, L.; Urso, R.; Cantoni, C.; Comi, G. (2004). "Study of the Ecology of Fresh Sausages and Characterization of Populations of Lactic Acid Bacteria by Molecular Methods". Appl Environ Microbiol. 70 (4): 1883–1894. doi:10.1128/AEM.70.4.1883-1894.2004. PMC383013. PMID 15066777.
^ abcdefghijkUntereiner, Wendy A. (1997). "Taxonomy of selected members of the ascomycete genus Capronia with notes on anamorph-teleomorph connections". Mycologia. 89 (1): 120–131. doi:10.1080/00275514.1997.12026763.
^ abcSchol-Schwarz, M.B. (1968). "Rhinocladiella, its synonym Fonsecaea and its relation to Phialophora". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 34 (2): 119–154. doi:10.1007/BF02046424. PMID 5301320. S2CID 43876060.
^ abcdefghiUntereiner, Wendy A. (1995). "Fruiting studies in species of Capronia (Herpotrichiellaceae)". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 68 (1): 3–17. doi:10.1007/BF00873288. PMID 8526478. S2CID 40143620.
^ abcdeMuller, E.; Petrini, O.; Fisher, P.J; Samuela, G.J; Rossman, A.Y (1987). "Taxonomy and anamorphs of the Herpotrichiellaceae with notes on generic synonymy". Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 88 (1): 63–74. doi:10.1016/S0007-1536(87)80186-9.
^ abcHaas, G.; Sontagg, L.; van de Peer, Y.; Uijthof, J.M.J.; Podbielski, A.; Comi, G. (1995). "Phylogenetic analysis of ten black yeast species using nuclear small subunit rRNA gene sequences". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 68 (1): 19–33. doi:10.1007/BF00873289. PMID 8526477. S2CID 2819521.
^Ellis, M.B. (1971). Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Surrey, England: Commonwealth Mycological Institute.
^Hoog, G.S. de. (1977). "Rhinocladiella and allied genera". Stud. Mycol. 15: 1–140.
^ abcdeUntereiner, Wendy A. (1994). "A Simple Method for the in Vitro Production of Pseudothecia in Species of Capronia". Mycologia. 86 (2): 290–295. doi:10.1080/00275514.1994.12026410.
^ abUntereiner, Wendy A.; Naveau, Francois A. (1999). "Molecular systematics of the Herpotrichiellaceae with an assessment of the phylogenetic positions of Exophiala dermatitidis and Phialophara americana". Mycologia. 91 (1): 67–83. doi:10.1080/00275514.1999.12060994.
April 11, 2024
capronia, mansonii, mesophilic, black, yeast, that, part, herpotrichiellaceae, species, uncommon, nature, saprotrophic, nature, been, discovered, decaying, plant, matter, particularly, wood, this, fungus, naturally, found, netherlands, successfully, been, cult. Capronia mansonii is a mesophilic black yeast that is a part of the Herpotrichiellaceae 2 The species is uncommon in nature but is saprotrophic in nature and been discovered on decaying plant matter particularly wood 2 This fungus is naturally found in the Netherlands and has successfully been cultured in lab 3 It is a teleomorph of the ascomycota division and possesses brown spores 4 Capronia mansoniiScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom FungiDivision AscomycotaClass EurotiomycetesOrder ChaetothyrialesFamily HerpotrichiellaceaeGenus CaproniaSpecies C mansoniiBinomial nameCapronia mansonii Schol Schwarz E Mull Petrini P J Fisher Samuels amp Rossman 1987 Synonyms 1 Dictyotrichieila mansonii Schol Schwarz 1968 Berlesiella mansonii Schol Schwarz Lar N Vassiljeva 1998 Contents 1 History and taxonomy 2 Growth and morphology 3 Physiology and reproduction 4 Habitat and ecology 5 ReferencesHistory and taxonomy editCapronia mansonii is a type of black yeast that was first discovered from an isolated strain in 1968 2 3 The fungus was originally described from a strain in vitro found in Norway by Marie Beatrice Schol Schwarz on an aspen tree and it has not yet been described in situ 3 5 This fungus was the first species in Herpotrichiellaceae discovered to create ascomata in an isolated culture 4 It is one of the only five species out of thirty Capronia species that has successfully produced ascomata in vitro 5 The basionym for this species is Dictyotrichiella mansonii 6 Its anamorph is thought to be Exophiala mansonii but uncertainty and discourse remains 3 7 The original anamorph was first thought to be Rhinocladiella atrovirens and then Exophiala castellanii 8 7 An analysis of rRNA gene sequences concluded that C mansonii is the same biological species as E castellanii 7 Capronia mansonii is often misidentified as its sister species Capronia munkii but can be differentiated by its larger and thicker cell walls and more frequent ascospores that transversely septate 3 It is also differentiated from its anamorph because it lacks conidia slimy colonies and aerial hyphae 9 Growth and morphology editThis fungus is a teleomorph or sexual form that is formed in vitro This species has yet to be described in situ 5 The fungus is thought to be closely related to Exophiala dermatitidis and is often hypothesized in literature to be the teleomorph of E dermatitidis 3 The fungus is a part of the ascomycota phylum also commonly defined as sac fungi This phylum is often defined by its possession of asci a microscope sexual structure that produces non motile spores called ascospores The asci of C mansonii produce 8 ascospores upon germination 3 These ascospores begin with a glassy transparent appearance and then progress to a more grey yellow olive and finally brown colour 3 6 These ascospores have 4 5 transverse thick walled septa and 1 incomplete longitudinal septum 6 The spores have been described in literature as not tight at the septa 3 Juvenile asci have thicker longer and more lightly coloured ascus walls whereas as fully matured asci form thinner dark brown walls that are filled with ascospores 3 The ascomatal wall itself can range from a brown yellow to a light brown colour which is commonly seen in other black yeasts 3 Physiology and reproduction editThis mesophilic fungus has been successfully cultured by Untereiner at room temperature ranging from 20 25 C 5 10 C mansonii has also been observed in a yeast budding form 2 This fungus has a homothallic breeding system indicating that it does not need a partner to sexually reproduce 5 The ascospores of this fungus have been described to germinate within 12 hours on Oatmeal Agar 5 4 They appear slimy and resemble yeast within 48 hours reaching full maturity at 16 weeks 5 The ascomata that have been grown in lab have been shown to fully mature and develop septae but are unable to produce asci and ascospores 5 Artificial daylight is thought to be the limiting factor that prevents the production of asci 10 Further replications of the above experiments revealed that the structure formed may actually be a pseudothecium an ascocarp that resembles a ascocarp but whose asci do not organize into a hymenium 10 The pseudothecia grew in abundance and also failed to produce ascospores 10 Habitat and ecology editMembers of the Capronia family are described as saprotrophic meaning they get their nutrients from decaying matter 10 Strains of this fungus have been found on various plant hosts particularly on their leaves 5 They are regularly found on other decaying ascomycota and basidiomycota in the Netherlands particularly on the wood of Populus tremula 6 11 The holotype was discovered on the stems of a Lupinus polyphyllus by Schol Schwarz in 1968 6 11 This fungus has occasionally been found on fresh sausages consisting of pork beef or mixed meats 2 They remain unstable on meat and are unable to persist for more than three days in the presence of other lactic acid bacteria 2 References edit GSD Species Synonymy Current Name Capronia mansonii Schol Schwarz E Mull Petrini P J Fisher Samuels amp Rossman Trans Br mycol Soc 88 1 73 1987 Species Fungorum Retrieved 2 December 2022 a b c d e f Cocolin L Rantsiou K Iucimin L Urso R Cantoni C Comi G 2004 Study of the Ecology of Fresh Sausages and Characterization of Populations of Lactic Acid Bacteria by Molecular Methods Appl Environ Microbiol 70 4 1883 1894 doi 10 1128 AEM 70 4 1883 1894 2004 PMC 383013 PMID 15066777 a b c d e f g h i j k Untereiner Wendy A 1997 Taxonomy of selected members of the ascomycete genus Capronia with notes on anamorph teleomorph connections Mycologia 89 1 120 131 doi 10 1080 00275514 1997 12026763 a b c Schol Schwarz M B 1968 Rhinocladiella its synonym Fonsecaea and its relation to Phialophora Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 34 2 119 154 doi 10 1007 BF02046424 PMID 5301320 S2CID 43876060 a b c d e f g h i Untereiner Wendy A 1995 Fruiting studies in species of Capronia Herpotrichiellaceae Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 68 1 3 17 doi 10 1007 BF00873288 PMID 8526478 S2CID 40143620 a b c d e Muller E Petrini O Fisher P J Samuela G J Rossman A Y 1987 Taxonomy and anamorphs of the Herpotrichiellaceae with notes on generic synonymy Trans Br Mycol Soc 88 1 63 74 doi 10 1016 S0007 1536 87 80186 9 a b c Haas G Sontagg L van de Peer Y Uijthof J M J Podbielski A Comi G 1995 Phylogenetic analysis of ten black yeast species using nuclear small subunit rRNA gene sequences Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 68 1 19 33 doi 10 1007 BF00873289 PMID 8526477 S2CID 2819521 Ellis M B 1971 Dematiaceous hyphomycetes Surrey England Commonwealth Mycological Institute Hoog G S de 1977 Rhinocladiella and allied genera Stud Mycol 15 1 140 a b c d e Untereiner Wendy A 1994 A Simple Method for the in Vitro Production of Pseudothecia in Species of Capronia Mycologia 86 2 290 295 doi 10 1080 00275514 1994 12026410 a b Untereiner Wendy A Naveau Francois A 1999 Molecular systematics of the Herpotrichiellaceae with an assessment of the phylogenetic positions of Exophiala dermatitidis and Phialophara americana Mycologia 91 1 67 83 doi 10 1080 00275514 1999 12060994 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Capronia mansonii amp oldid 1195447131, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
