Canadian Women's Hockey League
The Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL; French: Ligue canadienne de hockey féminin ‒ LCHF) was a women's ice hockey league. Established in 2007 as a Canadian women's senior league in the Greater Toronto Area, Montreal, and Ottawa, the league eventually expanded into Alberta, as well as teams in China and the United States throughout its tenure. The league discontinued operations May 1, 2019, after 12 seasons of operations.[2] For most of its existence, it was the highest level women's hockey league in North America while registered as an amateur association. The National Women's Hockey League (now Premier Hockey Federation - and a different organization than the original NWHL [1998-2007]) was launched as a rival organization, while also paying its players, but with both leagues competing for the same talent. The CWHL began paying its players a stipend during its last two seasons before it folded.
| Sport | Ice hockey |
|---|---|
| Founded | 2007 |
| Ceased | May 1, 2019 |
| Commissioner | Brenda Andress (2007–2018) Jayna Hefford (2018 interim) |
| Countries | Canada China United States |
| Headquarters | Toronto, Ontario, Canada[1] |
| Last champion(s) | Calgary Inferno (2nd title) |
| Most titles | Montreal Stars/Les Canadiennes de Montreal (4 titles) |
| TV partner(s) | Rogers Sportsnet |
| Official website | www |
History
Formation (2007–2010)
The CWHL was an initiative spearheaded by players such as Lisa-Marie Breton, Allyson Fox, Kathleen Kauth, Kim McCullough, Sami Jo Small and Jennifer Botterill, all of whom played in the original National Women's Hockey League, which was disbanded in 2007. The players worked with a group of volunteer business people to form the CWHL by following the example of the National Lacrosse League. The league would be responsible for all travel, ice rental and uniform costs, plus some equipment,[3] but would not pay players.[4]
In 2007, Hockey Canada announced it would revamp the Esso Women's Nationals, with the Western Women's Hockey League champion and finalist meeting the Canadian Women's Hockey League champion and finalist.[5] Beginning in 2009, teams from the two leagues competed for the Clarkson Cup at the end of the season until the leagues effectively merged, under the CWHL banner, in 2011. The Clarkson Cup then became the playoff championship trophy for the CWHL.
The Brampton Canadettes Thunder won the first CWHL championship on 22 March 2008, winning 4–3 over the Mississauga Chiefs in the final.[6]
In 2008–09, the Montreal Stars repeated as regular season champions, winning 25 of 30 games, and won CWHL Championship. The Stars would also go on to win the first Clarkson Cup over the Minnesota Whitecaps. The Stars would also take a third straight regular season championship the following season. The CWHL did not have an individual playoff champion in 2010 but instead had a Clarkson Cup qualifying playoff for the third team. The Stars and Mississauga Chiefs qualified for the Cup tournament from their regular season records and the Brampton Thunder qualified through the playoff. The Thunder then played into the Clarkson Cup final but lost to the Whitecaps.
Restructuring and stabilization (2010–2017)
Prior to the 2010–11 season, the league underwent a structural reorganization. The CWHL considered the restructure a relaunch of the league.[7] Among the changes included the Mississauga Chiefs, Ottawa Senators and Vaughan Flames teams ceasing operations,[8] adding a new team in Toronto, and expanding into the United States with a team in Boston. The relaunch also branded the five teams after their respective locations, simply calling them Boston CWHL, Brampton CWHL, Burlington CWHL, Montreal CWHL, and Toronto CWHL. However, the CWHL teams that were playing in previous markets were commonly referred to as their former names, the Boston team called itself the Boston Blades, and the new Toronto team was sometimes called Toronto HC. The league also held its first player draft, although it was only for the three Greater Toronto Area teams as the league decided that since they do not pay a salary, it would be unfair to force players to be based outside their hometown.[9] All five teams returned to having monikers and Toronto was officially branded as the Toronto Furies.
The league announced on April 19, 2011, that it would merge with the Western Women's Hockey League for the 2011–12 season. The merger featured one team based in both Edmonton and Calgary as a combination of the former WWHL franchises the Edmonton Chimos and Strathmore Rockies. The team (called Team Alberta) played their games in various locations around Alberta.[10] The WWHL then denied that there was in fact no merger and that the WWHL would continue for the 2011–12 season with two new teams joining the league. Strathmore and Edmonton were welcome to depart the WWHL but the league would not disband as initially reported by the CWHL through various media outlets. However, WWHL effectively ceased operations with only two members (the Whitecaps and Manitoba Maple Leafs) playing a series of exhibition games against various teams and the Clarkson Cup became a CWHL-only championship.
Changes continued in 2012 with the Burlington Barracudas folding and Team Alberta taking on the nickname "Honeybadgers". The league also created a draft system whereby players in Boston, Alberta, and Montreal could choose which team they would play on, but players in the Toronto area could be forced to play for one of the two remaining Greater Toronto Area (GTA) teams, Brampton or Toronto. Further, a player's pre-draft declaration of the regional area in which they wished to play could be altered after the draft. As a result of these rules, players wishing to leave GTA teams to play in Boston, Alberta, or Montreal could do so as desired, without compensation to the GTA team that they left. Players who wished to leave one GTA team to go to the other GTA team could only be moved upon a trade between the teams.
On November 13, 2012, in a reversal from its previous position that sponsorships could not be directed to a particular team, the CWHL announced that the Toronto Furies would be partnering with the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League in a multi-year deal by which the Maple Leafs would provide funding for coaches, equipment and travel expenses. The CWHL announced a similar partnership between the Alberta Honeybadgers team and the Calgary Flames, the Honeybadgers would then rebrand as the Calgary Inferno the following season. The Montreal Stars would follow the trend in 2015 with a partnership with the Montreal Canadiens by becoming Les Canadiennes.
The league held its 1st Canadian Women's Hockey League All-Star Game on December 13, 2014, at Toronto's Air Canada Centre.
China, player stipends, and league demise (2017–2019)
It was announced on June 5, 2017, that the CWHL was expanding to China with Kunlun Red Star WIH, a team controlled by Kunlun Red Star of the Kontinental Hockey League, and the Vanke Rays. Each team was set to play six games against its five rivals for a total of 30 games, 15 at home and 15 on the road. In order to minimize travel, each North America-based team made one road trip to China to play a three-game series. Kunlun Red Star's road games were likewise be grouped into five three-game series.[11] The announced reason for the China expansion is for the nation to develop its hockey teams in preparation for its recently awarded 2022 Winter Olympics to be held in Beijing.[12]
Along with its expansion into China for the 2017–18 season, the league announced it would also begin paying its players for the first time.[13] The finances for the player's salaries came from the increased revenue from its Chinese partnership.[12] Player stipends were set to a minimum of $2,000 per season and a maximum of $10,000 with a team salary cap of $100,000,[12] although it was still registered as an amateur league with the Canada Revenue Agency.[14] At the time of the announcement, it made the league the second women's hockey league in North America to pay players after the launch of the rival National Women's Hockey League (NWHL) in the United States in 2015.
In 2018, CWHL player Jessica Platt came out as a transgender woman, making her the first transgender woman to come out in North American professional hockey, and second transgender professional player after Harrison Browne came out as a transgender man in the NWHL in 2016.[15][16]
On July 19, 2018, inaugural league commissioner Brenda Andress announced she would be stepping down and Jayna Hefford was named the interim commissioner.[17][18] The league also consolidated their Chinese teams by ending the membership of the Vanke Rays and rebranding Kunlun Red Star as Shenzhen KRS Vanke Rays.[19][20]
On March 31, 2019, it was announced that the CWHL board of directors had decided that the league would discontinue operations effective May 1, 2019. The league cited that the fragmentation of corporate sponsors between the two women's hockey leagues led to the league becoming financially infeasible, but that the Chinese partnership had kept the league operating during the previous seasons. The board of directors believed it owed its players more than the league could continue to provide, that there is only room from one women's league, and encouraged the players to push any successor leagues to pay a livable wage.[14]
The staff of the Toronto Furies and Les Canadiennes announced that their organizations intended to continue operations while the Calgary Inferno stated they would continue to support women's hockey in Alberta.[21][22][23] During the season, NWHL commissioner Dani Rylan had been in talks with the CWHL about the possibility of a single league.[24] On April 2, 2019, the NWHL announced the plans to add two expansion franchises in Montreal and Toronto and based on financial support from the National Hockey League[25] and investors in Montreal and Toronto, including people involved with Les Canadiennes de Montreal and the Toronto Furies.[26] Ultimately, the NWHL had its own set of difficulties in the 2019 offseason, including a player boycott following the closing of the CWHL, and did not add Montreal and Toronto for the 2019–20 season.[27] The Shenzhen KRS Vanke Rays was the only former CWHL to participate in the 2019–20 season by joining the Russian Women's Hockey League. In 2020, the NWHL announced an expansion to Toronto for the 2020–21 season in the form of the Toronto Six.
Television coverage
Specialty television channel Sportsnet aired the playoffs and the All-Star Game from 2014–15 until 2018–19. The most watched game was the February 4, 2017 game between Montreal and Toronto, which averaged 136,400 viewers. This record was surpassed on 24 March 2019, when the 2019 Clarkson Cup Final aired on Sportsnet and over 170,000 people tuned in.[2]
Teams
| Team | City | Years | Championships | Clarkson Cups | Formerly |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burlington Barracudas | Burlington, Ontario | 2007–2012 | 0 | 0 | |
| Calgary Inferno | Calgary, Alberta | 2011–2019 | 2 | 2 | Alberta Honeybadgers (2011–12) |
| Les Canadiennes de Montréal | Montréal, Quebec | 2007–2019 | 2 | 4 | Montréal Stars (2007–2015) |
| Markham Thunder | Markham, Ontario | 2007–2019 | 1 | 1 | Brampton Thunder (1998–2017) |
| Mississauga Chiefs | Mississauga, Ontario | 2007–2010 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ottawa Senators | Ottawa, Ontario | 2007–2010 | 0 | 0 | CWHL Capital Canucks |
| Phénix du Québec | Montréal, Québec | 2007–2008 | 0 | 0 | |
| Shenzhen KRS Vanke Rays | Shenzhen, China | 2017–2019 | 0 | 0 | Kunlun Red Star WIH (2017–18) |
| Toronto Furies | Toronto, Ontario | 2010–2019 | 1 | 1 | Toronto CWHL team (2010–11) |
| Vanke Rays | Shenzhen, China[28] | 2017–2018 | 0 | 0 | Merged into Kunlun Red Star WIH |
| Vaughan Flames | Vaughan, Ontario | 2007–2010 | 0 | 0 | |
| Worcester Blades | Worcester, Massachusetts | 2010–2019 | 2 | 2 | Boston Blades (2010–2018) |
Championships
| Season | Champion | Points leader (team) | Points leader (player) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007–08 | Brampton Thunder | Montreal Stars (47) | Jennifer Botterill (61) |
| 2008–09 | Montreal Stars | Montreal Stars (49) | Jayna Hefford (69) |
| 2009–10 | Minnesota Whitecaps | Montreal Stars (48) | Sabrina Harbec (55) |
| 2010–11 | Montreal Stars | Montreal Stars (46) | Caroline Ouellette (69) |
| 2011–12 | Montreal Stars | Montreal Stars (51) | Meghan Agosta (80) |
| 2012–13 | Boston Blades | Boston Blades (39) | Meghan Agosta-Marciano (46) |
| 2013–14 | Toronto Furies | Montreal Stars (42) | Ann-Sophie Bettez (40) |
| 2014–15 | Boston Blades | Boston Blades (35) | Rebecca Johnston (37) |
| 2015–16 | Calgary Inferno | Les Canadiennes (42) | Marie-Philip Poulin (46) |
| 2016–17 | Les Canadiennes | Calgary Inferno (40) | Jess Jones (37) Marie-Philip Poulin (37) |
| 2017–18 | Markham Thunder | Les Canadiennes (45) | Kelli Stack (49) |
| 2018–19 | Calgary Inferno | Calgary Inferno (47) | Marie-Philip Poulin (50) |
Drafts
The first league draft was held on August 12, 2010, at the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto. In the 2010 CWHL Draft, Olympic gold medallist Tessa Bonhomme was the first overall selection.[29]
First overall picks
| Draft year | Player | Team | College |
| 2010 | Tessa Bonhomme | Toronto Aeros | Ohio State Buckeyes |
| 2011 | Meghan Agosta | Montreal Stars | Mercyhurst Lakers |
| 2012 | Hillary Pattenden | Alberta Honeybadgers | Mercyhurst Lakers |
| 2013 | Jessica Wong | Alberta Honeybadgers | Minnesota–Duluth Bulldogs |
| 2014 | Laura Fortino | Brampton Thunder | Cornell Big Red |
| 2015 | Sarah Edney | Brampton Thunder | Harvard Crimson |
| 2016 | Kayla Tutino | Boston Blades | Boston Terriers |
| 2017 | Courtney Turner | Boston Blades | Union College Dutchwomen |
| 2018 | Lauren Williams | Worcester Blades | Wisconsin Badgers women's ice hockey |
All-time leaderboard
All-time leading scorers (2007–08 to 2018–19)
The annual CWHL scoring champion wins the Angela James Bowl. In 2011–12, rookie Meghan Agosta set a CWHL single-season record with 80 points.
| Player | Teams | Games | Goals | Assists | Points |
| Caroline Ouellette | Montréal | 202 | 143 | 203 | 346 |
| Ann-Sophie Bettez | Montréal | 189 | 127 | 152 | 279 |
| Jayna Hefford | Brampton | 145 | 134 | 113 | 247 |
| Marie-Philip Poulin | Montréal | 98 | 93 | 103 | 196 |
| Noémie Marin | Montréal | 172 | 91 | 86 | 177 |
| Jennifer Botterill | Mississauga, Toronto | 87 | 68 | 98 | 166 |
| Emmanuelle Blais | Montréal | 210 | 60 | 95 | 155 |
| Gillian Apps | Brampton | 142 | 80 | 68 | 148 |
| Rebecca Johnston | Calgary | 111 | 59 | 84 | 143 |
| Meghan Agosta | Montréal | 58 | 62 | 73 | 135 |
All-time leaders in shutouts (2007–08 to 2014–15)
This section needs to be updated. (March 2019) |
Most shutouts during the CWHL regular season. Kim St-Pierre (2008–09) and Sami Jo Small (2009–10) hold the single-season record with five shutouts.
| Player | Team | Shutouts |
| Sami Jo Small | Mississauga, Toronto | 15 |
| Jenny Lavigne | Montréal | 8 |
| Kim St-Pierre | Montréal | 8 |
| Mandy Cronin | Brampton, Burlington, Boston | 6 |
NCAA exhibition
| Date | CWHL team | NCAA school | Score | CWHL goal scorers |
| Oct. 25, 2011 | Brampton Thunder | Cornell Big Red women's ice hockey | Cornell, 6–0[32] | None |
| Nov. 2, 2011 | Brampton Thunder | Mercyhurst Lakers women's ice hockey | Brampton, 3–1 | Jayna Hefford, Jesse Scanzano, Vicki Bendus[33] |
- On November 2, 2011, Scanzano was on loan from the Toronto Furies, as she appeared in one game for the Brampton Thunder. The game was an exhibition contest versus her alma mater, the Mercyhurst Lakers.[33] In the second period of said contest, Scanzano scored the game-winning goal as the Thunder defeated the Lakers by a 3–1 tally.[34]
References
- ^ . Thecwhl.com. Archived from the original on 2018-01-13. Retrieved 2018-01-13.
- ^ a b . Canadian Women's Hockey League. 2019-03-31. Archived from the original on 2019-05-02. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
- ^ Cleary, Martin (2007-09-30). . Canada.com. Archived from the original on 2007-10-23. Retrieved 2014-07-18.
- ^ Longman, Jeré (2013-11-18). "Crashing the Boards and Cracking the Books". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
- ^ "Players form new Canadian Women's Hockey League". The Star. Toronto. September 27, 2007.
- ^ . The Brampton News. March 25, 2008. Archived from the original on June 17, 2008. Retrieved January 2, 2011.
- ^ . CWHL.ca. October 21, 2010. Archived from the original on November 21, 2010.
- ^ (Press release). Ottawa Senators. June 7, 2010. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
- ^ . CWHL.ca. August 12, 2010. Archived from the original on November 21, 2010.
- ^ . EdmontonChimos.com. April 25, 2011. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011.
- ^ Price, Satchel (2017-06-05). "Canadian Women's Hockey League expanding to China next season". SBNation.com. Retrieved 2018-01-13.
- ^ a b c "Canadian Women's Hockey League will begin paying its players". The Globe and Mail. 1 September 2017.
- ^ "CWHL announces it will pay players in 2017-18". Sportsnet. 1 September 2017.
- ^ a b (PDF). CWHL. 2 July 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
- ^ Barnes, Katie (2018). "CWHL's first transgender woman finds comfort, confidence in professional hockey". Espn.com. Retrieved 2018-01-13.
- ^ "Jessica Platt, Toronto Furies hockey player, comes out as transgender". Usatoday.com. Retrieved 2018-01-13.
- ^ "CWHL commissioner Brenda Andress to step down". Sportsnet.ca. 18 July 2018.
- ^ . CWHL. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
- ^ . CWHL. July 16, 2018. Archived from the original on August 20, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
- ^ Maura Sun (3 August 2018). . Canadian Women's Hockey League. Archived from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
- ^ @TorontoCWHL (2019-03-31). "The Toronto Furies are proud of our ongoing contributions to advancing women's hockey on every level here in Toronto. Thank you to everyone who contributed to our successes and the growth we experienced over the years. Let's all #StickTogether as we look to move forward together". Twitter. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
- ^ @LesCanadiennes (2019-03-31). "#FabsForever #OurCityOurClub #TheWomensMovementNeverStops". Twitter. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
- ^ "SN Q&A: Inferno GM Kristen Hagg on CWHL ceasing operations, 'I'm not just folding up my chair and packing it in'". www.sportingnews.com. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
- ^ @NWHL (March 31, 2019). "A statement from NWHL Commissioner Dani Rylan". Twitter.
- ^ "U.S.-based women's hockey league OKs plan to expand to Canada after CWHL folds | The Star". The Toronto Star. 2 April 2019. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
- ^ Murphy, Mike (2019-04-02). "NWHL to add two Canadian teams, receives significant investment from NHL". The Ice Garden. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
- ^ ""We'll Always Do What's Best for the Game" - A Message from the NWHL". OurSports Central. May 30, 2019.
- ^ Mike Murphy (2017-07-25). "Mike Murphy on Twitter: 'It looks like the 2nd Chinese team in the CWHL is the "Vanke Rays", also located in Shenzen, China. Logo here. s/t to @fosterwrites'". Twitter.com. Retrieved 2018-01-13.
- ^ . TMLfans.ca. August 14, 2010. Archived from the original on January 3, 2011.
- ^ Scott, Richard. (PDF). Up North Productions. ISBN 9780991867158. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-01-06. Retrieved 2013-11-01.
- ^ https://www.eliteprospects.com/league/cwhl-%28w%29/stats/all-time/total?sort=tp[bare URL]
- ^ "Hockey Game Box Score, Brampton vs. Cornell University" (PDF). CornellBigRed.com. 14 October 2011.
- ^ a b "Mercyhurst Athletics – Women's Hockey Falls Short As Bendus And Scanzano Return". Hurstathletics.com. 2 November 2011. Retrieved 2014-07-18.
- ^ "Brampton Thunder vs Mercyhurst College (Nov 02, 2011)". Hurstathletics.com. 2011-11-02. Retrieved 2014-07-18.
External links
News stories
- Canadian Women's Hockey League launches CBCsports, September 27, 2007
- Rob Duffy, The case for a women's professional hockey league[permanent dead link] in Eyeweekly.com, February 22, 2010.
- Neate Sager, Women's hockey league eyes partnering with NHL February 26, 2010.
- in Hour.ca, September 16, 2010.
- Stephanie Myles, Women's hockey in need of more promotion, sponsors[permanent dead link] in Calgary Herald, March 23, 2011.