The cambroernids are an informally-named clade of unusual Paleozoic animals with coiled bodies and filamentous tentacles. They include a number of early to middle Paleozoic (Cambrian to Devonian)[1] genera noted as 'bizarre" or "orphan" taxa, meaning that their affinities with other animals, living or extinct, has long been uncertain. One leading hypothesis is that cambroernids were unusual ambulacrariandeuterostomes, related to echinoderms and hemichordates.[2] Previously some cambroernids were compared to members of the broad invertebrate clade Lophotrochozoa; in particularly they were allied with lophophorates, a subset of lophotrochozoans bearing ciliated tentacles known as lophophores.[3] However, this interpretation has more recently been considered unlikely relative to the deuterostome hypothesis for cambroernid origins.[2]
Cambroernids encompass three particular types of enigmatic animals first appearing in the Cambrian: Herpetogaster (the type genus), Phlogites, and the eldoniids. They are united by a set of common features including at least one pair of bifurcated or divided oral tentacles, and a large stomach and narrower intestine enclosed together in a coiled sac. Herpetogaster has a segmented and clockwise-curved body attached to the substrate via a narrow and partially mobile stolon (stalk). Phlogites was even more simple, with a thick immobile stolon leading up to a tentacle-bearing calyx (cup-shaped main body). The eldoniids[2][4] (also known as eldonioids[3][5][6] or eldonids[1][5]) were diverse and disc-shaped, commonly described as "medusiform", i.e. jellyfish-shaped. Though the lifestyle of eldoniids is still debated, it can be agreed that they had a large curved stomach and no stolon.[3][2][7][5]
Referencesedit
^ abHagadorn, James W.; Allmon, Warren D. (2019-01-01). "Paleobiology of a three-dimensionally preserved paropsonemid from the Devonian of New York". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Studies in Honor of Prof. David J. Bottjer. 513: 208–214. Bibcode:2019PPP...513..208H. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.08.007. ISSN 0031-0182. S2CID 133683311.
^ abcdCaron, J.; Conway Morris, S.; Shu, D.; Soares, D. (2010). Soares, Daphne (ed.). "Tentaculate fossils from the Cambrian of Canada (British Columbia) and China (Yunnan) interpreted as primitive deuterostomes". PLOS ONE. 5 (3): e9586. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9586C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009586. PMC2833208. PMID 20221405.
^ abcDzik, Jerzy; Yuanlong, Zhao; Maoyan, Zhu (1997). "Mode of life of the Middle Cambrian eldonioid lophophorate Rotadiscus" (PDF). Palaeontology. 40 (2): 385–396.
^Zhu, Mao-Yan; Zhao, Yuan-Long; Chen, Jun-Yuan (2002-03-01). "Revision of the Cambrian discoidal animals Stellostomites eumorphus and Pararotadiscus guizhouensis from South China". Geobios. 35 (2): 165–185. Bibcode:2002Geobi..35..165Z. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(02)00025-6. ISSN 0016-6995.
^ abcLefebvre, Bertrand; Van Roy, Peter; Zamora, Samuel; Gutiérrez-Marco, Juan Carlos; Nohejlová, Martina (2022-03-31). "The Late Ordovician Tafilalt Biota, Anti-Atlas, Morocco: a high-latitude perspective on the GOBE". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 485 (1): 5–35. Bibcode:2022GSLSP.485....5L. doi:10.1144/sp485-2022-29. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 247351043.
^Chen, Jun-yuan; Zhu, Mao-yan; Zhou, Gui-qing (1995). "The Early Cambrian medusiform metazoan Eldonia from the Chenjiang Lagerstätte" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 40 (3): 213–244.
^MacGabhann, Breandán Anraoi; Murray, John (2010). "Non-mineralised discoidal fossils from the Ordovician Bardahessiagh Formation, Co. Tyrone, Ireland". Irish Journal of Earth Sciences. 28: 1–12. doi:10.3318/IJES.2010.28.1. hdl:10395/2407. JSTOR 25780702. S2CID 129593969.
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cambroernid, cambroernids, informally, named, clade, unusual, paleozoic, animals, with, coiled, bodies, filamentous, tentacles, they, include, number, early, middle, paleozoic, cambrian, devonian, genera, noted, bizarre, orphan, taxa, meaning, that, their, aff. The cambroernids are an informally named clade of unusual Paleozoic animals with coiled bodies and filamentous tentacles They include a number of early to middle Paleozoic Cambrian to Devonian 1 genera noted as bizarre or orphan taxa meaning that their affinities with other animals living or extinct has long been uncertain One leading hypothesis is that cambroernids were unusual ambulacrarian deuterostomes related to echinoderms and hemichordates 2 Previously some cambroernids were compared to members of the broad invertebrate clade Lophotrochozoa in particularly they were allied with lophophorates a subset of lophotrochozoans bearing ciliated tentacles known as lophophores 3 However this interpretation has more recently been considered unlikely relative to the deuterostome hypothesis for cambroernid origins 2 CambroernidsTemporal range Cambrian Devonian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NHerpetogasterEldoniaScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaStem group AmbulacrariaClade CambroernidaCaron Conway Morris amp Shu 2010SubdivisionsHerpetogaster Phlogites Eldoniids Eldonioids Cambroernids encompass three particular types of enigmatic animals first appearing in the Cambrian Herpetogaster the type genus Phlogites and the eldoniids They are united by a set of common features including at least one pair of bifurcated or divided oral tentacles and a large stomach and narrower intestine enclosed together in a coiled sac Herpetogaster has a segmented and clockwise curved body attached to the substrate via a narrow and partially mobile stolon stalk Phlogites was even more simple with a thick immobile stolon leading up to a tentacle bearing calyx cup shaped main body The eldoniids 2 4 also known as eldonioids 3 5 6 or eldonids 1 5 were diverse and disc shaped commonly described as medusiform i e jellyfish shaped Though the lifestyle of eldoniids is still debated it can be agreed that they had a large curved stomach and no stolon 3 2 7 5 References edit a b Hagadorn James W Allmon Warren D 2019 01 01 Paleobiology of a three dimensionally preserved paropsonemid from the Devonian of New York Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology Studies in Honor of Prof David J Bottjer 513 208 214 Bibcode 2019PPP 513 208H doi 10 1016 j palaeo 2018 08 007 ISSN 0031 0182 S2CID 133683311 a b c d Caron J Conway Morris S Shu D Soares D 2010 Soares Daphne ed Tentaculate fossils from the Cambrian of Canada British Columbia and China Yunnan interpreted as primitive deuterostomes PLOS ONE 5 3 e9586 Bibcode 2010PLoSO 5 9586C doi 10 1371 journal pone 0009586 PMC 2833208 PMID 20221405 a b c Dzik Jerzy Yuanlong Zhao Maoyan Zhu 1997 Mode of life of the Middle Cambrian eldonioid lophophorate Rotadiscus PDF Palaeontology 40 2 385 396 Zhu Mao Yan Zhao Yuan Long Chen Jun Yuan 2002 03 01 Revision of the Cambrian discoidal animals Stellostomites eumorphus and Pararotadiscus guizhouensis from South China Geobios 35 2 165 185 Bibcode 2002Geobi 35 165Z doi 10 1016 S0016 6995 02 00025 6 ISSN 0016 6995 a b c Lefebvre Bertrand Van Roy Peter Zamora Samuel Gutierrez Marco Juan Carlos Nohejlova Martina 2022 03 31 The Late Ordovician Tafilalt Biota Anti Atlas Morocco a high latitude perspective on the GOBE Geological Society London Special Publications 485 1 5 35 Bibcode 2022GSLSP 485 5L doi 10 1144 sp485 2022 29 ISSN 0305 8719 S2CID 247351043 Chen Jun yuan Zhu Mao yan Zhou Gui qing 1995 The Early Cambrian medusiform metazoan Eldonia from the Chenjiang Lagerstatte PDF Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 40 3 213 244 MacGabhann Breandan Anraoi Murray John 2010 Non mineralised discoidal fossils from the Ordovician Bardahessiagh Formation Co Tyrone Ireland Irish Journal of Earth Sciences 28 1 12 doi 10 3318 IJES 2010 28 1 hdl 10395 2407 JSTOR 25780702 S2CID 129593969 nbsp This article related to a Cambrian animal is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cambroernid amp oldid 1159248672, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
