Calcarisporiellales
Calcarisporiellaceae is a family of fungi within the subkingdom Mucoromycota. It is the only family in the order Calcarisporiellales, class Calcarisporiellomycetes, subphylum Calcarisporiellomycotina and phylum Calcarisporiellomycota.[1][2] It contains two known genera, Calcarisporiella[3] and Echinochlamydosporium. The two genera each have one species.[2]
| Calcarisporiellaceae | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Subkingdom: | Mucoromyceta |
| Phylum: | Calcarisporiellomycota Tedersoo et al., 2018 |
| Subphylum: | Calcarisporiellomycotina Tedersoo et al., 2018 |
| Class: | Calcarisporiellomycetes Tedersoo et al., 2018 |
| Order: | Calcarisporiellales Tedersoo et al., 2018 |
| Family: | Calcarisporiellaceae Tedersoo et al., 2018 |
| Genera | |
| |
| Diversity | |
| 2 species | |
General description edit
They have a thallus that is branched, with septate (has a singular septum) hyphae. The vegetative hyphae is hyaline (has a glassy appearance), smooth and thin-walled. It has cultures with no distinctive smell. The sporangiophores (a receptacle in ferns which bears the sporangia, if present) simple, hyaline, smooth, arising from undifferentiated hyphae. The sporangia is unispored, ellipsoid (in shape), with or without a small columella. Spores are uninucleate (having a single nucleus), hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, ovoid to ellipsoid, with a rounded base. Chlamydospores (if present) are 1-celled, elongate to globose, thick-walled and spiny, and are born laterally on short hyphae. The sexual cycle not known, but they are saprotrophic in soil and non-nematophagous (not carnivorous).[1]
It can be found in soils.[4]
History edit
Calcarisporiella was originally published in 1974 and originally thought to be an anamorphic member of the Pezizomycotina division, but later phylogenetic analysis of rDNA found that it was separate from the Endogonales and Mucorales clades.[5]
A new genus, Echinochlamydosporium, was described in 2011 and placed in Mortierellaceae family.[6] Then in 2018, after molecular analyses, Echinochlamydosporium was transferred to a new family Calcarisporiellaceae with Calcarisporiella.[1]
The newly described Calcarisporiellomycota (comprising Calcarisporiella thermophila and Echinochlamydosporium variabile) represented a deep lineage with strongest affinities to Mucoromycota[7][8] or Mortierellomycota.[1]
Evolution and systematics edit
The Calcarisporiellaceae are a monophyletic group containing two species. According to a 2018 phylogenetic analysis, they are the sister taxon of the phylum Mucoromycota. Along with Mortierellomycota and Glomeromycota, they compose the fungal subkingdom Mucoromyceta.[1]
- Phylum Calcarisporiellomycota Tedersoo et al., 2018
- Subphylum Calcarisporiellomycotina Tedersoo et al., 2018
- Class Calcarisporiellomycetes Tedersoo et al., 2018
- Order Calcarisporiellales Tedersoo et al., 2018
- Family Calcarisporiellaceae Tedersoo et al., 2018
- Calcarisporiella de Hoog, 1974
- Calcarisporiella thermophila (H.C. Evans) de Hoog, 1974
- Echinochlamydosporium X.Z. Jiang, H.Y. Yu, M.C. Xiang, X.Y. Liu & Xing Z. Liu, 2011
- Echinochlamydosporium variabile X.Z. Jiang, H.Y. Yu, M.C. Xiang, X.Y. Liu & Xing Z. Liu, 2011[9]
- Calcarisporiella de Hoog, 1974
- Family Calcarisporiellaceae Tedersoo et al., 2018
- Order Calcarisporiellales Tedersoo et al., 2018
- Class Calcarisporiellomycetes Tedersoo et al., 2018
- Subphylum Calcarisporiellomycotina Tedersoo et al., 2018
References edit
- ^ a b c d e Tedersoo, Leho; Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago; Kõljalg, Urmas; Bahram, Mohammad; Döring, Markus; Schigel, Dmitry; May, Tom; Ryberg, Martin; Abarenkov, Kessy (2018). "High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses". Fungal Diversity. 90: 135–159. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0. S2CID 21714270.
- ^ a b Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
- ^ Zhao, Heng; Dai, Yu-Cheng; Liu, Xiao-Yong (July 2022). "Outline and divergence time of subkingdom Mucoromyceta: two new phyla, five new orders, six new families and seventy-three new species" (PDF). bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/2022.07.05.498902. S2CID 250429708.
- ^ Yin, Chuntao; Schlatter, Daniel C.; Kroese, Duncan R.; Paulitz, Timothy C.; Hagerty, Christina H. (20 May 2021). "Responses of Soil Fungal Communities to Lime Application in Wheat Fields in the Pacific Northwest". Front. Microbiol. 12. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.576763. PMC 8174452. PMID 34093451.
- ^ De-Wei Li (Editor) Biology of Microfungi (2016), p. 84, at Google Books
- ^ Jiang XZ, Yu HY, Xiang MC, Liu XY, Liu XZ (2011). "Echinochlamydosporium variabile, a new genus and species of Zygomycota from soil nematodes". Fungal Diversity. 46 (1): 43–51. doi:10.1007/s13225-010-0076-7. S2CID 31061772.
- ^ Hirose, Dai; Degawa, Yousuke; Inaba, Sigeki; Tokumasu, Seiji (July 2012). "The anamorphic genus Calcarisporiella is a new member of the Mucoromycotina". Mycoscience. 53 (4): 256–260. doi:10.1007/S10267-011-0160-1. S2CID 85120330.
- ^ Yamamoto, Kohei; Degawa, Yousuke; Hirose, Dai; Fukuda, Masaki; Yamada, Akiyoshi (October 2015). "Morphology and phylogeny of four Endogone species and Sphaerocreas pubescens collected in Japan". Mycological Progress. 14 (10): 86. Bibcode:2015MycPr..14...86Y. doi:10.1007/s11557-015-1111-6. S2CID 255318909.
- ^ "GSD Species Synonymy Current Name: Echinochlamydosporium variabile - GSD Species". www.speciesfungorum.org. Species Fungorum. Retrieved 5 October 2022.