Caladenia pumila, commonly known as the dwarf spider orchid is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Victoria, Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single erect, hairy leaf and a single white flower with pale pink stripes. Its short flowering stem distinguishes it from other Victorian spider orchids. After 1933 it was presumed extinct until two plants were discovered in 2009.
Caladenia pumila is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single fleshy, erect, hairy leaf, 60–70 mm (2–3 in) long, 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) wide, with reddish spots near the base. A single white flower 50–90 mm (2–4 in) wide and with pale pink stripes is borne on a spike 100–150 mm (4–6 in) tall. The sepals have thick green or brownish club-like glandular tips about 5 mm (0.2 in) long. The dorsal sepal curves forward and is 30–40 mm (1–2 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.08–0.1 in) wide. The lateral sepals are 30–40 mm (1–2 in) long, 3–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide and stiffly spread widely apart. The petals are 20–30 mm (0.8–1 in) long and about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide and are arranged like the lateral sepals. The labellum is white with pale pink stripes and is about 17 mm (0.7 in) long and 18 mm (0.7 in) wide. The sides of the labellum sometimes have a few short teeth and the tip curls under. There are four or six rows of well-spaced pink calli along the mid-line of the labellum. Flowering occurs in September to October.[2][3][4][5][6]
The dwarf spider orchid has only been recorded from grassy woodland near Bannockburn and is only known from two plants.[3][5][6]
Conservationedit
Caladenia pumila is listed as "Endangered" under the Victorian Government Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 and as "Critically Endangered" under the Commonwealth Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC) Act. After the orchid was first described in 1922, numbers declined until only two specimens were known in 1933. There were no records of the species from then and the species was presumed extinct. In 2009, two specimens were found in a nature conservation reserve. Efforts are being made to increase numbers. The main threats to the species are habitat degradation, trampling, competition with other species and a lack of genetic diversity.[5][6]
^Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 74. ISBN1877069124.
^ abJeanes, Jeffrey. "Caladenia pumila". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria: Vicflora. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
^Rogers, Richard Sanders (1922). "Contributions to the Orchidology of Australia and New Zealand". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia. 46: 152–153. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
^ abc"Dwarf spider orchid (Caladenia pumila)" (PDF). Government of Victoria Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
^ abc"Approved conservation advice for Caladenia pumila (Dwarf spider orchid)" (PDF). Australian government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
^Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 489.
May 09, 2024
caladenia, pumila, commonly, known, dwarf, spider, orchid, plant, orchid, family, orchidaceae, endemic, victoria, australia, ground, orchid, with, single, erect, hairy, leaf, single, white, flower, with, pale, pink, stripes, short, flowering, stem, distinguish. Caladenia pumila commonly known as the dwarf spider orchid is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Victoria Australia It is a ground orchid with a single erect hairy leaf and a single white flower with pale pink stripes Its short flowering stem distinguishes it from other Victorian spider orchids After 1933 it was presumed extinct until two plants were discovered in 2009 Dwarf spider orchid Conservation status Critically endangered EPBC Act Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Monocots Order Asparagales Family Orchidaceae Subfamily Orchidoideae Tribe Diurideae Genus Caladenia Species C pumila Binomial name Caladenia pumilaR S Rogers 1 Synonyms 1 Arachnorchis pumila R S Rogers D L Jones amp M A Clem Phlebochilus pumila R S Rogers Szlach Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy and naming 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Conservation 5 ReferencesDescription editCaladenia pumila is a terrestrial perennial deciduous herb with an underground tuber and a single fleshy erect hairy leaf 60 70 mm 2 3 in long 10 15 mm 0 4 0 6 in wide with reddish spots near the base A single white flower 50 90 mm 2 4 in wide and with pale pink stripes is borne on a spike 100 150 mm 4 6 in tall The sepals have thick green or brownish club like glandular tips about 5 mm 0 2 in long The dorsal sepal curves forward and is 30 40 mm 1 2 in long and 2 3 mm 0 08 0 1 in wide The lateral sepals are 30 40 mm 1 2 in long 3 4 mm 0 1 0 2 in wide and stiffly spread widely apart The petals are 20 30 mm 0 8 1 in long and about 2 mm 0 08 in wide and are arranged like the lateral sepals The labellum is white with pale pink stripes and is about 17 mm 0 7 in long and 18 mm 0 7 in wide The sides of the labellum sometimes have a few short teeth and the tip curls under There are four or six rows of well spaced pink calli along the mid line of the labellum Flowering occurs in September to October 2 3 4 5 6 Taxonomy and naming editCaladenia pumila was first formally described in 1922 by R S Rogers and the description was published in Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia 1 The specific epithet pumila is a Latin word meaning dwarfish or little 7 Distribution and habitat editThe dwarf spider orchid has only been recorded from grassy woodland near Bannockburn and is only known from two plants 3 5 6 Conservation editCaladenia pumila is listed as Endangered under the Victorian Government Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 and as Critically Endangered under the Commonwealth Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 EPBC Act After the orchid was first described in 1922 numbers declined until only two specimens were known in 1933 There were no records of the species from then and the species was presumed extinct In 2009 two specimens were found in a nature conservation reserve Efforts are being made to increase numbers The main threats to the species are habitat degradation trampling competition with other species and a lack of genetic diversity 5 6 References edit a b c Caladenia pumila Retrieved 8 March 2017 Jones David L 2006 A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories Frenchs Forest N S W New Holland p 74 ISBN 1877069124 a b Jeanes Jeffrey Caladenia pumila Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria Vicflora Retrieved 8 March 2017 Rogers Richard Sanders 1922 Contributions to the Orchidology of Australia and New Zealand Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia 46 152 153 Retrieved 8 March 2017 a b c Dwarf spider orchid Caladenia pumila PDF Government of Victoria Department of Environment Land Water and Planning Retrieved 8 March 2017 a b c Approved conservation advice for Caladenia pumila Dwarf spider orchid PDF Australian government Department of the Environment Retrieved 8 March 2017 Brown Roland Wilbur 1956 The Composition of Scientific Words Washington D C Smithsonian Institution Press p 489 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Caladenia pumila amp oldid 1153542522, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
