The cecum or caecum is a pouch within the peritoneum that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine.[1] It is typically located on the right side of the body (the same side of the body as the appendix, to which it is joined). The word cecum (/ˈsiːkəm/, plural ceca/ˈsiːkə/) stems from the Latincaecus meaning blind.
Cecum
The cecum, here in red, lies at the start of the large intestines, which are shown with the rest of the human gastrointestinal tract in this image.
Superior ileocecal fossa (cecum labeled at bottom left)
It receives chyme from the ileum, and connects to the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve (ICV) or Bauhin's valve. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction. While the cecum is usually intraperitoneal, the ascending colon is retroperitoneal.[2]
In herbivores, the cecum stores food material where bacteria are able to break down the cellulose. In humans, the cecum is involved in absorption of salts and electrolytes and lubricates the solid waste that passes into the large intestine.[3]
Inner diameters of different sections of the large intestine, with cecum (at bottom left) measuring on average 8.7 cm (range 8.0-10.5 cm).[4]
Development
The cecum and appendix are formed by the enlargement of the postarterial segment of the midgut loop. The proximal part of the bud grows rapidly to form the cecum. The lateral wall of the cecum grows much more rapidly than the medial wall, with the result that the point of attachment of the appendix comes to lie on the medial side.[citation needed]
History
Etymology
The term cecum comes from Latin (intestinum) caecum, literally 'blind intestine', in the sense 'blind gut' or 'cul de sac'.[5] It is a direct translation from Ancient Greek τυφλὸν (ἔντερον) typhlòn (énteron). Thus the inflammation of the cecum is called typhlitis.
The junction between the small intestine and the colon, called the ileocecal valve, is so small in some animals that it was not considered to be a connection between the small and large intestines. During a dissection, the colon could be traced from the rectum, to the sigmoid colon, through the descending, transverse, and ascending sections. The cecum is an end point for the colon with a dead-end portion terminating with the appendix.[7]
The connection between the end of the small intestine (ileum) and the start (as viewed from the perspective of food being processed) of the colon (cecum) is now clearly understood, and is called the ileocolic orifice. The connection between the end of the cecum and the beginning of the ascending colon is called the cecocolic orifice.
Gastric cecum of dissected cockroach. Scale bar, 2 mm.
A cecum is present in most amniote species, and also in lungfish, but not in any living species of amphibian. In reptiles, it is usually a single median structure, arising from the dorsal side of the large intestine. Birds typically have two paired ceca, as do, unlike other mammals, hyraxes.[14] Parrots do not have ceca.[15]
Most mammalian herbivores have a relatively large cecum, hosting a large number of bacteria, which aid in the enzymatic breakdown of plant matter such as cellulose; in many species, it is considerably wider than the colon. In contrast, obligate carnivores, whose diets contain little or no plant matter, have a reduced cecum, which is often partially or wholly replaced by the appendix.[14] Mammalian species which do not develop a cecum include raccoons, bears, and the red panda.
Many fish have a number of small outpockets, called pyloric ceca, along their intestine; despite the name they are not homologous with the cecum of amniotes, and their purpose is to increase the overall area of the digestive epithelium.[14] Some invertebrates, such as squid,[16] may also have structures with the same name, but these have no relationship with those of vertebrates.
^Stedman, Thomas (2000). Stedman's medical dictionary. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 915. ISBN978-0-683-40007-6. OCLC 42772946. large i[ntestine], the portion of the digestive tube extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus; it comprises the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal
^Nguyen H, Loustaunau C, Facista A, Ramsey L, Hassounah N, Taylor H, Krouse R, Payne CM, Tsikitis VL, Goldschmid S, Banerjee B, Perini RF, Bernstein C (2010). "Deficient Pms2, ERCC1, Ku86, CcOI in field defects during progression to colon cancer". J Vis Exp (41). doi:10.3791/1931. PMC3149991. PMID 20689513.
^"caecum | Etymology, origin and meaning of caecum by etymonline". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2022-05-27.
^Taylor, Tim. "Anatomy and Physiology Instructor". InnerBody.com. Howtomedia, Inc. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
^Guarner F, Malagelada JR (February 2003). "Gut flora in health and disease". Lancet. 361 (9356): 512–19. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12489-0. PMID 12583961. S2CID 38767655.
^Sears CL (October 2005). "A dynamic partnership: celebrating our gut flora". Anaerobe. 11 (5): 247–51. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2005.05.001. PMID 16701579.
^University of Glasgow. 2005. Available through web archive. Accessed May 22, 2008
^Beaugerie L, Petit JC (April 2004). "Microbial-gut interactions in health and disease. Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea". Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 18 (2): 337–52. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2003.10.002. PMID 15123074.
^Vedantam G, Hecht DW (October 2003). "Antibiotics and anaerobes of gut origin". Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 6 (5): 457–61. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2003.09.006. PMID 14572537.
^Sherwood, Linda; Willey, Joanne; Woolverton, Christopher (2013). Prescott's Microbiology (9th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. pp. 713–21. ISBN9780073402406. OCLC 886600661.
^ abcRomer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 353–54. ISBN978-0-03-910284-5.
^Clench, Mary H.; Mathias, John R. (1995). "The Avian Cecum: A Review". The Wilson Bulletin. 107 (1): 93–121. JSTOR 4163516. Gale A16787963 INIST:3480481.
^Williams, Leonard Worcester (1910). The anatomy of the common squid : Loligo pealii, Lesueur. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.27291. OCLC 697639284.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cecum.
Look up cecum in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Anatomy figure: 37:03-08 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center—"Abdominal organs in situ."
Anatomy figure: 37:06-09 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center—"The larger intestine."
Anatomy figure: 39:05-09 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center—"The cecum with the distal portion of the ileum."
Anatomy photo:39:14-0101 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center—"Incisions of the Cecum"
Cross section image: pelvis/pelvis-e12-2—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna
Video clip of worms in the Cecum
February 01, 2023
cecum, caecum, redirects, here, genus, snails, caecum, genus, other, taxonomic, uses, list, latin, greek, words, commonly, used, systematic, names, confused, with, sacrum, cecum, caecum, pouch, within, peritoneum, that, considered, beginning, large, intestine,. Caecum redirects here For the genus of sea snails see Caecum genus For other taxonomic uses see List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names Not to be confused with sacrum The cecum or caecum is a pouch within the peritoneum that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine 1 It is typically located on the right side of the body the same side of the body as the appendix to which it is joined The word cecum ˈ s iː k em plural ceca ˈ s iː k e stems from the Latin caecus meaning blind CecumThe cecum here in red lies at the start of the large intestines which are shown with the rest of the human gastrointestinal tract in this image Superior ileocecal fossa cecum labeled at bottom left DetailsPrecursorMidgutPart ofLarge intestineSystemGastrointestinalLocationLower right part of the abdomen IdentifiersLatinCaecumMeSHD002432TA98A05 7 02 001TA22970FMA14541Anatomical terminology edit on Wikidata It receives chyme from the ileum and connects to the ascending colon of the large intestine It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve ICV or Bauhin s valve It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction While the cecum is usually intraperitoneal the ascending colon is retroperitoneal 2 In herbivores the cecum stores food material where bacteria are able to break down the cellulose In humans the cecum is involved in absorption of salts and electrolytes and lubricates the solid waste that passes into the large intestine 3 Contents 1 Structure 1 1 Development 2 History 2 1 Etymology 3 Clinical significance 4 Other animals 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksStructure Edit Inner diameters of different sections of the large intestine with cecum at bottom left measuring on average 8 7 cm range 8 0 10 5 cm 4 Development Edit The cecum and appendix are formed by the enlargement of the postarterial segment of the midgut loop The proximal part of the bud grows rapidly to form the cecum The lateral wall of the cecum grows much more rapidly than the medial wall with the result that the point of attachment of the appendix comes to lie on the medial side citation needed History EditEtymology Edit The term cecum comes from Latin intestinum caecum literally blind intestine in the sense blind gut or cul de sac 5 It is a direct translation from Ancient Greek tyflὸn ἔnteron typhlon enteron Thus the inflammation of the cecum is called typhlitis In dissections by the Greek philosophers the connection between the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum was not fully understood Most of the studies of the digestive tract were done on animals and the results were compared to human structures 6 The junction between the small intestine and the colon called the ileocecal valve is so small in some animals that it was not considered to be a connection between the small and large intestines During a dissection the colon could be traced from the rectum to the sigmoid colon through the descending transverse and ascending sections The cecum is an end point for the colon with a dead end portion terminating with the appendix 7 The connection between the end of the small intestine ileum and the start as viewed from the perspective of food being processed of the colon cecum is now clearly understood and is called the ileocolic orifice The connection between the end of the cecum and the beginning of the ascending colon is called the cecocolic orifice Clinical significance EditA cecal carcinoid tumor is a carcinoid tumor of the cecum An appendiceal carcinoid tumor a carcinoid tumor of the appendix is sometimes found next to a cecal carcinoid citation needed Neutropenic enterocolitis typhlitis is the condition of inflammation of the cecum primarily caused by bacterial infections Over 99 of the bacteria in the gut are anaerobes 8 9 10 11 12 but in the cecum aerobic bacteria reach high densities 13 Other animals Edit Gastric cecum of dissected cockroach Scale bar 2 mm A cecum is present in most amniote species and also in lungfish but not in any living species of amphibian In reptiles it is usually a single median structure arising from the dorsal side of the large intestine Birds typically have two paired ceca as do unlike other mammals hyraxes 14 Parrots do not have ceca 15 Most mammalian herbivores have a relatively large cecum hosting a large number of bacteria which aid in the enzymatic breakdown of plant matter such as cellulose in many species it is considerably wider than the colon In contrast obligate carnivores whose diets contain little or no plant matter have a reduced cecum which is often partially or wholly replaced by the appendix 14 Mammalian species which do not develop a cecum include raccoons bears and the red panda Many fish have a number of small outpockets called pyloric ceca along their intestine despite the name they are not homologous with the cecum of amniotes and their purpose is to increase the overall area of the digestive epithelium 14 Some invertebrates such as squid 16 may also have structures with the same name but these have no relationship with those of vertebrates Gallery Edit Illustration of the large intestine Cecum and ileum Ileo cecal valve Cecum Arteries of cecum and vermiform process Inferior ileocecal fossa Endoscopic image of cecum with arrow pointing to ileocecal valve in foregroundSee also EditMcBurney s pointReferences Edit Stedman Thomas 2000 Stedman s medical dictionary Philadelphia Lippincott Williams amp Wilkins p 915 ISBN 978 0 683 40007 6 OCLC 42772946 large i ntestine the portion of the digestive tube extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus it comprises the cecum colon rectum and anal canal The Large Intestine VideoHelp com What Are the Functions of the Cecum Nguyen H Loustaunau C Facista A Ramsey L Hassounah N Taylor H Krouse R Payne CM Tsikitis VL Goldschmid S Banerjee B Perini RF Bernstein C 2010 Deficient Pms2 ERCC1 Ku86 CcOI in field defects during progression to colon cancer J Vis Exp 41 doi 10 3791 1931 PMC 3149991 PMID 20689513 caecum Etymology origin and meaning of caecum by etymonline www etymonline com Retrieved 2022 05 27 Ileum Kenhub Retrieved 2022 06 18 Taylor Tim Anatomy and Physiology Instructor InnerBody com Howtomedia Inc Retrieved 28 November 2014 Guarner F Malagelada JR February 2003 Gut flora in health and disease Lancet 361 9356 512 19 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 03 12489 0 PMID 12583961 S2CID 38767655 Sears CL October 2005 A dynamic partnership celebrating our gut flora Anaerobe 11 5 247 51 doi 10 1016 j anaerobe 2005 05 001 PMID 16701579 University of Glasgow 2005 The normal gut flora Available through web archive Accessed May 22 2008 Beaugerie L Petit JC April 2004 Microbial gut interactions in health and disease Antibiotic associated diarrhoea Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 18 2 337 52 doi 10 1016 j bpg 2003 10 002 PMID 15123074 Vedantam G Hecht DW October 2003 Antibiotics and anaerobes of gut origin Curr Opin Microbiol 6 5 457 61 doi 10 1016 j mib 2003 09 006 PMID 14572537 Sherwood Linda Willey Joanne Woolverton Christopher 2013 Prescott s Microbiology 9th ed New York McGraw Hill pp 713 21 ISBN 9780073402406 OCLC 886600661 a b c Romer Alfred Sherwood Parsons Thomas S 1977 The Vertebrate Body Philadelphia Holt Saunders International pp 353 54 ISBN 978 0 03 910284 5 Clench Mary H Mathias John R 1995 The Avian Cecum A Review The Wilson Bulletin 107 1 93 121 JSTOR 4163516 Gale A16787963 INIST 3480481 Williams Leonard Worcester 1910 The anatomy of the common squid Loligo pealii Lesueur doi 10 5962 bhl title 27291 OCLC 697639284 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cecum Look up cecum in Wiktionary the free dictionary Anatomy figure 37 03 08 at Human Anatomy Online SUNY Downstate Medical Center Abdominal organs in situ Anatomy figure 37 06 09 at Human Anatomy Online SUNY Downstate Medical Center The larger intestine Anatomy figure 39 05 09 at Human Anatomy Online SUNY Downstate Medical Center The cecum with the distal portion of the ileum Anatomy photo 39 14 0101 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center Incisions of the Cecum Cross section image pelvis pelvis e12 2 Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna Photo at mgccc cc ms us Video clip of worms in the Cecum Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cecum amp oldid 1136292522, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
