Caecuban wine (Latin: Caecubum, Greek: Kaikoubos) came from a small territory, ager Caecubus, at Amyclae in coastal Latium (in the region known today as the Plain of Fondi). Around 70 BC, Varro already regarded this district as a place of legendary wealth. Strabo described the area's reputation for wine in his Geography: "The Caecuban Plain borders on the Gulf of Caieta; and next to the plain comes Fundi, situated on the Appian Way. All these places produce exceedingly good wine; indeed, the Caecuban and the Fundanian and the Setinian belong to the class of wines that are widely famed, as is the case with the Falernian, the Alban and the Statanian." (Geography V.3.6)[1]
To many in the 1st century BC, Caecuban was the best of all wines, smoother than Falernian wine, fuller than Alban wine, strong and intoxicating. It was a white wine which turned fire-coloured as it aged. Dioscorides describes it as glykys "sweet". Athenaeus describes it as overpowering and strong, maturing only after many years time (Deipnosophistae, I.27a).
Occurrences in Horace Odesedit
As a testament to its popularity, Caecuban wine makes several appearances in the odes of Horace. In Ode 1.20, Horace gives Caecuban a greater stature than Falernian as he invites his prominent friend, Maecenas to drink with him.
Horace mentions Caecuban often in connection with celebrating particularly momentous occasions, such as Octavian’s defeat of Antony and Cleopatra.(Odes 1.37.5)[3] and in Ode IX where he speaks again to Maecenas,
When, O happy Maecenas, shall I,
overjoyed at Caesar’s being victorious,
drink with you under the stately dome (for so it pleases Jove)
the Caecuban reserved for festal entertainments,
while the lyre plays a tune, accompanied with flutes,
that in the Doric, these in the Phrygian measure?[4]
Decline and disappearanceedit
The popularity of Caecuban seemed to have hit its apex in Horace’s time. Following the ascension of Augustus to power, Setinum was declared the Imperial wine-namely (according to Pliny) because it did not cause him indigestion and it rose in popularity accordingly (Natural History XIV.61). Pliny noted that the vineyard was starting to fall into neglect when Nero tore up the area, under the pretence of a planned ship canal across the land, in order to undertake excavations to find the legendary treasure of Dido which was supposed to have been buried there.[5][6] The destruction of Caecuban’s single vineyard extinguished the wine completely; but in Martial’s time, if his words can be relied on, Caecuban wine was still maturing in cellars at Amyclae. Galen is the last person on record to have tasted Caecuban wine, nearly a century after it ceased to be made.
Grape varietiesedit
Among the grape varieties that have been speculated to be behind the ancient wine is the Abbuoto grape that is still grown in the Lazio region of central Italy today. However, wine experts and historians such as Jancis Robinson and Julia Harding cast doubt that the red Abbuoto grape was likely responsible for the ancient white wine.[7]
^Hugh Johnson, Vintage: The Story of Wine p. 62. Simon and Schuster 1989.
^J. Robinson, J. Harding and J. Vouillamoz Wine Grapes - A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours pg 3, Allen Lane 2012 ISBN978-1-846-14446-2
André Tchernia, Le vin de l'Italie romaine: essai d'histoire économique d'après les amphores. Rome: Ecole Française de Rome, 1986.
Andrew Dalby, Empire of pleasures: luxury and indulgence in the Roman Empire. London, New York: Routledge, 2000. ISBN0-415-18624-2.
December 15, 2023
caecuban, wine, latin, caecubum, greek, kaikoubos, came, from, small, territory, ager, caecubus, amyclae, coastal, latium, region, known, today, plain, fondi, around, varro, already, regarded, this, district, place, legendary, wealth, strabo, described, area, . Caecuban wine Latin Caecubum Greek Kaikoubos came from a small territory ager Caecubus at Amyclae in coastal Latium in the region known today as the Plain of Fondi Around 70 BC Varro already regarded this district as a place of legendary wealth Strabo described the area s reputation for wine in his Geography The Caecuban Plain borders on the Gulf of Caieta and next to the plain comes Fundi situated on the Appian Way All these places produce exceedingly good wine indeed the Caecuban and the Fundanian and the Setinian belong to the class of wines that are widely famed as is the case with the Falernian the Alban and the Statanian Geography V 3 6 1 Contents 1 Characteristics 2 Occurrences in Horace Odes 3 Decline and disappearance 4 Grape varieties 5 See also 6 References 7 Further readingCharacteristics editTo many in the 1st century BC Caecuban was the best of all wines smoother than Falernian wine fuller than Alban wine strong and intoxicating It was a white wine which turned fire coloured as it aged Dioscorides describes it as glykys sweet Athenaeus describes it as overpowering and strong maturing only after many years time Deipnosophistae I 27a Occurrences in Horace Odes editAs a testament to its popularity Caecuban wine makes several appearances in the odes of Horace In Ode 1 20 Horace gives Caecuban a greater stature than Falernian as he invites his prominent friend Maecenas to drink with him Then thou shalt drink Caecuban and the juice of grapes crushed by Cales presses my cups are flavoured neither with the product of Falernum s vines nor of the Formian hills 2 Horace mentions Caecuban often in connection with celebrating particularly momentous occasions such as Octavian s defeat of Antony and Cleopatra Odes 1 37 5 3 and in Ode IX where he speaks again to Maecenas When O happy Maecenas shall I overjoyed at Caesar s being victorious drink with you under the stately dome for so it pleases Jove the Caecuban reserved for festal entertainments while the lyre plays a tune accompanied with flutes that in the Doric these in the Phrygian measure 4 Decline and disappearance editThe popularity of Caecuban seemed to have hit its apex in Horace s time Following the ascension of Augustus to power Setinum was declared the Imperial wine namely according to Pliny because it did not cause him indigestion and it rose in popularity accordingly Natural History XIV 61 Pliny noted that the vineyard was starting to fall into neglect when Nero tore up the area under the pretence of a planned ship canal across the land in order to undertake excavations to find the legendary treasure of Dido which was supposed to have been buried there 5 6 The destruction of Caecuban s single vineyard extinguished the wine completely but in Martial s time if his words can be relied on Caecuban wine was still maturing in cellars at Amyclae Galen is the last person on record to have tasted Caecuban wine nearly a century after it ceased to be made Grape varieties editAmong the grape varieties that have been speculated to be behind the ancient wine is the Abbuoto grape that is still grown in the Lazio region of central Italy today However wine experts and historians such as Jancis Robinson and Julia Harding cast doubt that the red Abbuoto grape was likely responsible for the ancient white wine 7 See also editAncient Rome and wineReferences edit Roman Vintages Odes 1 20 Horace Some Odes in English Translation Archived from the original on 2006 07 25 Retrieved 2006 06 19 The Works of Horace The Book of the Epodes of Horace by Horace Roman Wine Hugh Johnson Vintage The Story of Wine p 62 Simon and Schuster 1989 J Robinson J Harding and J Vouillamoz Wine Grapes A complete guide to 1 368 vine varieties including their origins and flavours pg 3 Allen Lane 2012 ISBN 978 1 846 14446 2Further reading editHorace Odes 2 14 25 28 Dioscorides Materia Medica 5 6 7 5 6 11 Pliny Naturalis Historia 14 61 23 35 Galen 6 805 6 809 10 834 Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum 15 4545 4548 Andre Tchernia Le vin de l Italie romaine essai d histoire economique d apres les amphores Rome Ecole Francaise de Rome 1986 Andrew Dalby Empire of pleasures luxury and indulgence in the Roman Empire London New York Routledge 2000 ISBN 0 415 18624 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Caecuban wine amp oldid 1063313962, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
