Homeobox protein CDX-1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the CDX1gene.[5][6] CDX1 is expressed in the developing endoderm and its expression persists in the intestine throughout adulthood.[7] CDX1 protein expression varies along the intestine, with high expression in intestinal crypts and diminishing expression along intestinal villi.[8]
This gene is a member of the caudal-related homeoboxtranscription factor family. The encoded DNA-binding protein regulates intestine-specific gene expression and enterocyte differentiation. It has been shown to induce expression of the intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene, and inhibit beta-catenin/T-cell factor transcriptional activity.[6]
CDX1 has also been shown to play an important role in embryonic epicardial development. It has been demonstrated that CDX proteins suppress cardiac differentiation in both zebrafish and mouse embryonic stem cells, but the overall mechanism for how this happens is poorly understood.[9] However, CDX1 has been shown to be transiently expressed in the embryonic heart 11.5 days post coitum (dpc). This transient expression is thought to induce epicardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and thus proper cardiovascular formation. It has been shown that low-dose CDX1 induction caused enhanced migration and differentiation of epicardium-derived cells into vascular smooth muscle, where as continued high dose induction of CDX1 or CDX1 deficiency diminished the ability of these cells to migrate and differentiate into smooth muscle by the actions of TGF-β1. Furthermore, CDX1 induction also altered transcript expression of genes related to cell adhesions for EMT and angiogenesis.[10] Therefore, along with its known roles in intestinal patterning and differentiation, CDX1 is also shown to be important in epicardial development.
Referencesedit
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000113722 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024619 - Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Bonner CA, Loftus SK, Wasmuth JJ (July 1995). "Isolation, characterization, and precise physical localization of human CDX1, a caudal-type homeobox gene". Genomics. 28 (2): 206–11. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1132. PMID 8530027.
^ ab"Entrez Gene: CDX1 caudal type homeobox transcription factor 1".
^Grainger S, Hryniuk A, Lohnes D (2013). "Cdx1 and Cdx2 exhibit transcriptional specificity in the intestine". PLOS ONE. 8 (1): e54757. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...854757G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054757. PMC3559873. PMID 23382958.
^Barker N, van Es JH, Kuipers J, Kujala P, van den Born M, Cozijnsen M, Haegebarth A, Korving J, Begthel H, Peters PJ, Clevers H (October 2007). "Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5". Nature. 449 (7165): 1003–7. Bibcode:2007Natur.449.1003B. doi:10.1038/nature06196. PMID 17934449. S2CID 4349637.
^Lengerke C, Wingert R, Beeretz M, Grauer M, Schmidt AG, Konantz M, Daley GQ, Davidson AJ (June 2011). "Interactions between Cdx genes and retinoic acid modulate early cardiogenesis". Developmental Biology. 354 (1): 134–42. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.03.027. PMC3502019. PMID 21466798.
^Chu M, Wang L, Wang H, Shen T, Yang Y, Sun Y, Tang N, Ni T, Zhu J, Mailman RB, Wang Y (2014). "A novel role of CDX1 in embryonic epicardial development". PLOS ONE. 9 (7): e103271. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j3271C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103271. PMC4113346. PMID 25068460.
Further readingedit
The Treacher Collins Syndrome Colla; Dixon, Jill; Edwards, Sara J.; Gladwin, Amanda J.; Dixon, Michael J.; Loftus, Stacie K.; Bonner, Cynthia A.; Koprivnikar, Kathryn; Wasmuth, John J. (February 1996). "Positional cloning of a gene involved in the pathogenesis of Treacher Collins syndrome. The Treacher Collins Syndrome Collaborative Group". Nature Genetics. 12 (2): 130–6. doi:10.1038/ng0296-130. PMID 8563749. S2CID 34312227.
Mallo GV, Rechreche H, Frigerio JM, Rocha D, Zweibaum A, Lacasa M, Jordan BR, Dusetti NJ, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL (February 1997). "Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression of the mRNA encoding human Cdx1 and Cdx2 homeobox. Down-regulation of Cdx1 and Cdx2 mRNA expression during colorectal carcinogenesis". International Journal of Cancer. 74 (1): 35–44. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970220)74:1<35::AID-IJC7>3.0.CO;2-1. PMID 9036867.
Mizoshita T, Inada K, Tsukamoto T, Kodera Y, Yamamura Y, Hirai T, Kato T, Joh T, Itoh M, Tatematsu M (2002). "Expression of Cdx1 and Cdx2 mRNAs and relevance of this expression to differentiation in human gastrointestinal mucosa--with special emphasis on participation in intestinal metaplasia of the human stomach". Gastric Cancer. 4 (4): 185–91. doi:10.1007/PL00011741. PMID 11846061.
Suh ER, Ha CS, Rankin EB, Toyota M, Traber PG (September 2002). "DNA methylation down-regulates CDX1 gene expression in colorectal cancer cell lines". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (39): 35795–800. doi:10.1074/jbc.M205567200. PMID 12124393.
Domon-Dell C, Schneider A, Moucadel V, Guerin E, Guenot D, Aguillon S, Duluc I, Martin E, Iovanna J, Launay JF, Duclos B, Chenard MP, Meyer C, Oudet P, Kedinger M, Gaub MP, Freund JN (September 2003). "Cdx1 homeobox gene during human colon cancer progression". Oncogene. 22 (39): 7913–21. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206756. PMID 12970739.
Wong NA, Britton MP, Choi GS, Stanton TK, Bicknell DC, Wilding JL, Bodmer WF (January 2004). "Loss of CDX1 expression in colorectal carcinoma: promoter methylation, mutation, and loss of heterozygosity analyses of 37 cell lines". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (2): 574–9. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101..574W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0307190101. PMC327189. PMID 14704280.
Rankin EB, Xu W, Silberg DG, Suh E (May 2004). (PDF). American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 286 (5): G872–80. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00326.2003. PMID 14715525. S2CID 18376885. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-07.
Béland M, Pilon N, Houle M, Oh K, Sylvestre JR, Prinos P, Lohnes D (June 2004). "Cdx1 autoregulation is governed by a novel Cdx1-LEF1 transcription complex". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 24 (11): 5028–38. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.11.5028-5038.2004. PMC416402. PMID 15143193.
Guo RJ, Huang E, Ezaki T, Patel N, Sinclair K, Wu J, Klein P, Suh ER, Lynch JP (August 2004). "Cdx1 inhibits human colon cancer cell proliferation by reducing beta-catenin/T-cell factor transcriptional activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (35): 36865–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.M405213200. PMID 15215241.
Alkhoury F, Malo MS, Mozumder M, Mostafa G, Hodin RA (August 2005). (PDF). American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 289 (2): G285–90. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00037.2005. PMID 15774940. S2CID 1066204. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-02.
Wong NA, Wilding J, Bartlett S, Liu Y, Warren BF, Piris J, Maynard N, Marshall R, Bodmer WF (May 2005). "CDX1 is an important molecular mediator of Barrett's metaplasia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102 (21): 7565–70. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.7565W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0502031102. PMC1140438. PMID 15894614.
External linksedit
Human CDX1 genome location and CDX1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
cdx1, homeobox, protein, protein, humans, that, encoded, gene, expressed, developing, endoderm, expression, persists, intestine, throughout, adulthood, protein, expression, varies, along, intestine, with, high, expression, intestinal, crypts, diminishing, expr. Homeobox protein CDX 1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the CDX1 gene 5 6 CDX1 is expressed in the developing endoderm and its expression persists in the intestine throughout adulthood 7 CDX1 protein expression varies along the intestine with high expression in intestinal crypts and diminishing expression along intestinal villi 8 CDX1IdentifiersAliasesCDX1 caudal type homeobox 1 Homeobox protein CDX 1External IDsOMIM 600746 MGI 88360 HomoloGene 1366 GeneCards CDX1Gene location Human Chr Chromosome 5 human 1 Band5q32Start150 166 778 bp 1 End150 184 558 bp 1 Gene location Mouse Chr Chromosome 18 mouse 2 Band18 E1 18 34 41 cMStart61 151 934 bp 2 End61 169 271 bp 2 RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse ortholog Top expressed inrectumduodenumjejunal mucosaappendixstromal cell of endometriumsmooth muscle tissuelymph nodeplacentabreastfaceTop expressed inleft coloncrypt of lieberkuhn of small intestineileumprimitive streakduodenumPaneth celljejunumHindgutmesodermthymusMore reference expression dataBioGPSMore reference expression dataGene ontologyMolecular functionDNA binding transcription factor activity RNA polymerase II cis regulatory region sequence specific DNA binding DNA binding sequence specific DNA binding DNA binding transcription activator activity RNA polymerase II specific protein binding DNA binding transcription factor activity RNA polymerase II specific methyl CpG binding RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence specific DNA bindingCellular componentnucleusBiological processanimal organ morphogenesis multicellular organism development pattern specification process bone morphogenesis cell differentiation anterior posterior axis specification regulation of transcription DNA templated regulation of somitogenesis positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II anterior posterior pattern specification transcription by RNA polymerase II transcription DNA templated regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IISources Amigo QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez104412590EnsemblENSG00000113722ENSMUSG00000024619UniProtP47902P18111RefSeq mRNA NM 001804NM 009880RefSeq protein NP 001795NP 034010Location UCSC Chr 5 150 17 150 18 MbChr 18 61 15 61 17 MbPubMed search 3 4 WikidataView Edit HumanView Edit Mouse Contents 1 Function 2 References 3 Further reading 4 External linksFunction editThis gene is a member of the caudal related homeobox transcription factor family The encoded DNA binding protein regulates intestine specific gene expression and enterocyte differentiation It has been shown to induce expression of the intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene and inhibit beta catenin T cell factor transcriptional activity 6 CDX1 has also been shown to play an important role in embryonic epicardial development It has been demonstrated that CDX proteins suppress cardiac differentiation in both zebrafish and mouse embryonic stem cells but the overall mechanism for how this happens is poorly understood 9 However CDX1 has been shown to be transiently expressed in the embryonic heart 11 5 days post coitum dpc This transient expression is thought to induce epicardial epithelial to mesenchymal transition and thus proper cardiovascular formation It has been shown that low dose CDX1 induction caused enhanced migration and differentiation of epicardium derived cells into vascular smooth muscle where as continued high dose induction of CDX1 or CDX1 deficiency diminished the ability of these cells to migrate and differentiate into smooth muscle by the actions of TGF b1 Furthermore CDX1 induction also altered transcript expression of genes related to cell adhesions for EMT and angiogenesis 10 Therefore along with its known roles in intestinal patterning and differentiation CDX1 is also shown to be important in epicardial development References edit a b c GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000113722 Ensembl May 2017 a b c GRCm38 Ensembl release 89 ENSMUSG00000024619 Ensembl May 2017 Human PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Mouse PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Bonner CA Loftus SK Wasmuth JJ July 1995 Isolation characterization and precise physical localization of human CDX1 a caudal type homeobox gene Genomics 28 2 206 11 doi 10 1006 geno 1995 1132 PMID 8530027 a b Entrez Gene CDX1 caudal type homeobox transcription factor 1 Grainger S Hryniuk A Lohnes D 2013 Cdx1 and Cdx2 exhibit transcriptional specificity in the intestine PLOS ONE 8 1 e54757 Bibcode 2013PLoSO 854757G doi 10 1371 journal pone 0054757 PMC 3559873 PMID 23382958 Barker N van Es JH Kuipers J Kujala P van den Born M Cozijnsen M Haegebarth A Korving J Begthel H Peters PJ Clevers H October 2007 Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5 Nature 449 7165 1003 7 Bibcode 2007Natur 449 1003B doi 10 1038 nature06196 PMID 17934449 S2CID 4349637 Lengerke C Wingert R Beeretz M Grauer M Schmidt AG Konantz M Daley GQ Davidson AJ June 2011 Interactions between Cdx genes and retinoic acid modulate early cardiogenesis Developmental Biology 354 1 134 42 doi 10 1016 j ydbio 2011 03 027 PMC 3502019 PMID 21466798 Chu M Wang L Wang H Shen T Yang Y Sun Y Tang N Ni T Zhu J Mailman RB Wang Y 2014 A novel role of CDX1 in embryonic epicardial development PLOS ONE 9 7 e103271 Bibcode 2014PLoSO 9j3271C doi 10 1371 journal pone 0103271 PMC 4113346 PMID 25068460 Further reading editThe Treacher Collins Syndrome Colla Dixon Jill Edwards Sara J Gladwin Amanda J Dixon Michael J Loftus Stacie K Bonner Cynthia A Koprivnikar Kathryn Wasmuth John J February 1996 Positional cloning of a gene involved in the pathogenesis of Treacher Collins syndrome The Treacher Collins Syndrome Collaborative Group Nature Genetics 12 2 130 6 doi 10 1038 ng0296 130 PMID 8563749 S2CID 34312227 Mallo GV Rechreche H Frigerio JM Rocha D Zweibaum A Lacasa M Jordan BR Dusetti NJ Dagorn JC Iovanna JL February 1997 Molecular cloning sequencing and expression of the mRNA encoding human Cdx1 and Cdx2 homeobox Down regulation of Cdx1 and Cdx2 mRNA expression during colorectal carcinogenesis International Journal of Cancer 74 1 35 44 doi 10 1002 SICI 1097 0215 19970220 74 1 lt 35 AID IJC7 gt 3 0 CO 2 1 PMID 9036867 Mizoshita T Inada K Tsukamoto T Kodera Y Yamamura Y Hirai T Kato T Joh T Itoh M Tatematsu M 2002 Expression of Cdx1 and Cdx2 mRNAs and relevance of this expression to differentiation in human gastrointestinal mucosa with special emphasis on participation in intestinal metaplasia of the human stomach Gastric Cancer 4 4 185 91 doi 10 1007 PL00011741 PMID 11846061 Suh ER Ha CS Rankin EB Toyota M Traber PG September 2002 DNA methylation down regulates CDX1 gene expression in colorectal cancer cell lines The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 39 35795 800 doi 10 1074 jbc M205567200 PMID 12124393 Domon Dell C Schneider A Moucadel V Guerin E Guenot D Aguillon S Duluc I Martin E Iovanna J Launay JF Duclos B Chenard MP Meyer C Oudet P Kedinger M Gaub MP Freund JN September 2003 Cdx1 homeobox gene during human colon cancer progression Oncogene 22 39 7913 21 doi 10 1038 sj onc 1206756 PMID 12970739 Wong NA Britton MP Choi GS Stanton TK Bicknell DC Wilding JL Bodmer WF January 2004 Loss of CDX1 expression in colorectal carcinoma promoter methylation mutation and loss of heterozygosity analyses of 37 cell lines Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101 2 574 9 Bibcode 2004PNAS 101 574W doi 10 1073 pnas 0307190101 PMC 327189 PMID 14704280 Rankin EB Xu W Silberg DG Suh E May 2004 Putative intestine specific enhancers located in 5 sequence of the CDX1 gene regulate CDX1 expression in the intestine PDF American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 286 5 G872 80 doi 10 1152 ajpgi 00326 2003 PMID 14715525 S2CID 18376885 Archived from the original PDF on 2019 03 07 Beland M Pilon N Houle M Oh K Sylvestre JR Prinos P Lohnes D June 2004 Cdx1 autoregulation is governed by a novel Cdx1 LEF1 transcription complex Molecular and Cellular Biology 24 11 5028 38 doi 10 1128 MCB 24 11 5028 5038 2004 PMC 416402 PMID 15143193 Guo RJ Huang E Ezaki T Patel N Sinclair K Wu J Klein P Suh ER Lynch JP August 2004 Cdx1 inhibits human colon cancer cell proliferation by reducing beta catenin T cell factor transcriptional activity The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 35 36865 75 doi 10 1074 jbc M405213200 PMID 15215241 Alkhoury F Malo MS Mozumder M Mostafa G Hodin RA August 2005 Differential regulation of intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene expression by Cdx1 and Cdx2 PDF American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 289 2 G285 90 doi 10 1152 ajpgi 00037 2005 PMID 15774940 S2CID 1066204 Archived from the original PDF on 2019 03 02 Wong NA Wilding J Bartlett S Liu Y Warren BF Piris J Maynard N Marshall R Bodmer WF May 2005 CDX1 is an important molecular mediator of Barrett s metaplasia Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102 21 7565 70 Bibcode 2005PNAS 102 7565W doi 10 1073 pnas 0502031102 PMC 1140438 PMID 15894614 External links editHuman CDX1 genome location and CDX1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser CDX1 protein human at the U S National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings MeSH This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine which is in the public domain nbsp This article on a gene on human chromosome 5 is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title CDX1 amp oldid 1163006465, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
