Béton brut (French pronunciation:[betɔ̃bʁyt]) is architectural concrete that is left unfinished after being cast, displaying the patterns and seams imprinted on it by the formwork.[1] Béton brut is not a material itself, but rather a way of using concrete. The term comes from French and means "raw concrete".
Boston City Hall (1968), an example of brutalism using béton brut
Detail of the Royal National Theatre (1976) showing the grain of the formworkExample of large board form concrete formwork, constructed to create a complex concrete wall form with the raw concrete aesthetic of béton brut
The use of béton brut was pioneered by modernist architects such as Auguste Perret and Le Corbusier. Le Corbusier coined the term béton brut during the construction of Unité d'Habitation in Marseille, France built in 1952.[2] The term began to spread widely after the British architectural critic Reyner Banham associated it with Brutalism in his 1966 book, The New Brutalism: Ethic or Aesthetic?, which characterized a recent cluster of new architectural designs, particularly in Europe.[3]
Béton brut became popular among modern architects, leading to the appreciation of the brutalist architecture style, which thrived in the 1950s–1970s. Brutalism stems from the philosophies of modern architecture that promote the truth to materials, which is achieved by their raw expression.[4] The essence of the philosophy is seen in the imperfections of béton brut which stem from the idea to create an aesthetic based on the exposure of a building's components, including the frame, sheathing, and mechanical systems.[5] The result is the visibility of the imprinted seams and construction methods of the formwork used to mold the concrete. This style of concrete is a part of structural expressionism, which emerged as steel structures became more advanced and viable.
Fabricationedit
Closeup of board form concrete
After being cast, concrete will usually have a finishing treatment that smooths its surface, ridding it of any imperfections. In the case of béton brut, the concrete is left unfinished, expressing the pattern left by the formwork. Formwork is used in concrete construction as the frame for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured to then harden and take on the desired shape.[6] Aesthetic of concrete surfaces can be varied with different formwork sheathing (e.g. board shuttering, smooth formwork, form liner, form moulds, filter fleeces). The type of material used to create the formwork (i.e. glass, wood, steel etc.) will have effects on the appearance of the final product. When Corbusier coined the term, he was specifically responding to board-marked concrete, which he used to construct many of his post-World War II buildings.[7]
When the formwork is lined with wood it is called board form. When lumber is used to create the formwork, the concrete picks up the grain structure as it sets, resulting in a texture on the poured concrete that resembles the wood. It is important to use the same type of wood throughout the job, especially on larger buildings where the molds may get repeated uses, because the lumber can absorb moisture, which may possibly affect the color of the concrete.[8] Other raw patterns can be created by using textured metal formwork, or having the aggregate bush or pick hammered.[9] Wood-imprinted concrete is still popular in landscaping, especially in some western European countries.
Surface processing techniques (e.g., washed concrete surfaces, photo concrete, acidified surfaces) can also be used to create the aesthetic of béton brut. Particularly high-quality poured concrete, achieved by leaving enough room between the formwork and the reinforcing bars for the concrete to flow freely, is called Sichtbeton in German and cemento a vista in Italian. Both terms translate roughly to "concrete for viewing".
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Beton brut French pronunciation betɔ bʁyt is architectural concrete that is left unfinished after being cast displaying the patterns and seams imprinted on it by the formwork 1 Beton brut is not a material itself but rather a way of using concrete The term comes from French and means raw concrete Boston City Hall 1968 an example of brutalism using beton brut Contents 1 History 2 Fabrication 3 Examples 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksHistory edit nbsp Detail of the Royal National Theatre 1976 showing the grain of the formwork nbsp Example of large board form concrete formwork constructed to create a complex concrete wall form with the raw concrete aesthetic of beton brut The use of beton brut was pioneered by modernist architects such as Auguste Perret and Le Corbusier Le Corbusier coined the term beton brut during the construction of Unite d Habitation in Marseille France built in 1952 2 The term began to spread widely after the British architectural critic Reyner Banham associated it with Brutalism in his 1966 book The New Brutalism Ethic or Aesthetic which characterized a recent cluster of new architectural designs particularly in Europe 3 Beton brut became popular among modern architects leading to the appreciation of the brutalist architecture style which thrived in the 1950s 1970s Brutalism stems from the philosophies of modern architecture that promote the truth to materials which is achieved by their raw expression 4 The essence of the philosophy is seen in the imperfections of beton brut which stem from the idea to create an aesthetic based on the exposure of a building s components including the frame sheathing and mechanical systems 5 The result is the visibility of the imprinted seams and construction methods of the formwork used to mold the concrete This style of concrete is a part of structural expressionism which emerged as steel structures became more advanced and viable Fabrication edit nbsp Closeup of board form concrete After being cast concrete will usually have a finishing treatment that smooths its surface ridding it of any imperfections In the case of beton brut the concrete is left unfinished expressing the pattern left by the formwork Formwork is used in concrete construction as the frame for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured to then harden and take on the desired shape 6 Aesthetic of concrete surfaces can be varied with different formwork sheathing e g board shuttering smooth formwork form liner form moulds filter fleeces The type of material used to create the formwork i e glass wood steel etc will have effects on the appearance of the final product When Corbusier coined the term he was specifically responding to board marked concrete which he used to construct many of his post World War II buildings 7 When the formwork is lined with wood it is called board form When lumber is used to create the formwork the concrete picks up the grain structure as it sets resulting in a texture on the poured concrete that resembles the wood It is important to use the same type of wood throughout the job especially on larger buildings where the molds may get repeated uses because the lumber can absorb moisture which may possibly affect the color of the concrete 8 Other raw patterns can be created by using textured metal formwork or having the aggregate bush or pick hammered 9 Wood imprinted concrete is still popular in landscaping especially in some western European countries nbsp Examples of beton brut seen at the Bauhaus Museum Weimar Surface processing techniques e g washed concrete surfaces photo concrete acidified surfaces can also be used to create the aesthetic of beton brut Particularly high quality poured concrete achieved by leaving enough room between the formwork and the reinforcing bars for the concrete to flow freely is called Sichtbeton in German and cemento a vista in Italian Both terms translate roughly to concrete for viewing nbsp Example of beton brut used for Rudolph Hall 1963 Yale School of Architecture in New Haven Connecticut US nbsp Beton brut at Paradise Place Birmingham Central Library 1974 UK The texture seen is representative of the formwork used to cast the concrete nbsp Closeup of corrugated pattern used for beton brut on the Swisscom Sendeturm St Chrischona television tower 1984 in Switzerland nbsp Beton brut seen on the interior of Tadao Ando s Vitra Conference Pavilion 1993 in Weil am Rhein Germany nbsp The former Whitney Museum of American Art building from 1966 to 2014 which is constructed in the brutalist style of modern architectureExamples editChurch of Notre Dame du Raincy 1922 23 by Auguste Perret Unite d Habitation Habitat 67 by Moshe Safdie Montreal Canada Reinanzaka House 1924 by Antonin Raymond University of Illinois at Chicago East side of campus designed by Walter Netsch of Skidmore Owings amp Merrill The Evergreen State College Rudolph Hall The Yale School of Architecture Yale University New Haven CT Sainte Bernadette du Banlay church Nevers France architect Claude Parent Boston City Hall Boston MA Royal National Theatre London Tunku Cancelor ms at University of Malaya the Main Entrance to the War Memorial Complex Brest Fortress the Ilinden Memorial in North Macedonia University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Designed by Paul Rudolph See also editBrutalist architecture Truth to materialsReferences edit Exposed concrete In Weyer Angela Roig Picazo Pilar Pop Daniel Cassar JoAnn Ozkose Aysun Vallet Jean Marc Srsa Ivan eds 2015 EwaGlos European Illustrated Glossary Of Conservation Terms For Wall Paintings And Architectural Surfaces English Definitions with translations into Bulgarian Croatian French German Hungarian Italian Polish Romanian Spanish and Turkish Petersberg Michael Imhof p 46 Le beton brut Le Corbusier Ouvre complete DE GRUYTER 1995 pp 180 189 doi 10 1515 9783035602951 180 ISBN 9783035602951 Brutalist Architecture PDF beton brut material practices www donaldearmstrong com Archived from the original on 2019 04 01 Retrieved 2018 11 29 Brutalism buffaloah com Retrieved 2018 11 08 Mishra Gopal 2013 10 15 Types of Formwork Shuttering for Concrete Construction and Properties The Constructor Retrieved 2018 11 08 Brutalist Architecture PDF Retrieved 2018 11 08 How To Forming Architectural Concrete www concreteconstruction net Retrieved 2018 11 14 Brutalism www architecture com External links editExamples of use in brutalist buildings in Ontario Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Beton brut amp oldid 1201493354, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
