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Burton's legless lizard

March 06, 2024

Burton's legless lizard (Lialis burtonis) is a species of lizard in the family Pygopodidae. The species lacks forelegs and has only rudimentary hind legs.[2] Pygopodid lizards are also referred to as "legless lizards",[3] "flap-footed lizards"[4] and "snake-lizards".[5] This species is native to Australia and Papua New Guinea.[6]

Burton's legless lizard
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Family: Pygopodidae
Genus: Lialis
Species:
L. burtonis
Binomial name
Lialis burtonis
Gray, 1835

Taxonomy edit

English zoologist John Edward Gray described Burton's legless lizard in 1835.[7] The specific name, burtonis, is in honour of British army surgeon Edward Burton (1790–1867).[8] Burton's legless lizard (Lialis burtonis) is a member of the genus Lialis within the family Pygopodidae.[4] There are approximately 40 species in the family Pygopodidae, however, Burton's legless lizard and another species (L. jicari) are the only species that fall within genus Lialis.[4] Members in genus Lialis are considered analogous to macrostomatan snakes as these taxonomic groups have functionally similar adaptations such as the ability to swallow relatively large prey whole. However, their resemblance to snakes is merely superficial example of convergent evolution, and they are not closely related.[4][9]

Differences between legless lizards and snakes include the lack of venom glands in legless lizards, their inability to constrict prey, the presence of a fleshy tongue rather than a forked tongue, visible ear holes, and remnant hind limbs.[4][9][10] Burton's legless lizard and the Pygopodidae, as a whole, are members of the infraorder Gekkota, meaning that they are essentially legless geckos.[11][12][13] Pygopods are the namesake of the Australasian gecko superfamily Pygopodoidea (sometimes called Diplodactyloidea), and they are the sister taxon to legged geckos in the family Carphodactylidae.[14][15]

Description edit

 
Burton's legless lizard and its elongated snout and distinctive wedge-shaped head

Burton's legless lizard has significant morphological adaptations to enable it to deal with large struggling prey items.[9] The first adaptation is a skull with an elongated snout that may, along with its pointed, recurved and hinged teeth, be an adaptation that assists it to grip its prey.[16] In addition, this elongated snout may also promote binocular vision which would allow strikes to be more accurately directed.[9] Another adaptation that assists Burton's legless lizard to hold its prey is its flexible mesokinetic and hypokinetic joints which allow its jaws to encircle prey.[9][16] Lastly, the ability of the species to retract its eyes is of key importance as it is a visual predator that relies on eyesight and this adaptation effectively protects them during conflict.[9]

Distribution and habitat edit

Burton's legless lizard occurs almost Australia wide but it is absent in parts of southern Australia including Tasmania.[6] This species is also found in Papua New Guinea, although populations are limited to one small area.[6]

Burton's legless lizard is found in a variety of habitats from deserts to the margins of rainforests but not in southern alpine areas and extreme northern deserts as would be expected based on its distribution.[6][10] It is usually found in low vegetation or debris on the ground such as leaf litter which has been shown to be important to specimens located in tropical environments.[4][6] This was demonstrated in an experiment where individuals were given a choice of several thermally comparable environments and there was an overwhelming preference for leaf litter by specimens from the tropics.[4] In areas where leaf litter is not as readily available this species will use grasses, abandoned burrows and other shelter that it can find as habitat.[10]

 
Burton's legless lizard on some sticks

Diet edit

L. burtonis feeds almost exclusively on lizards.[6][10][17] Generally, skinks are the main prey item taken but other legless lizards, geckos and dragons are also a part of the diet of Burton's legless lizard.[3][10][17] In addition, it has been reported that this species will eat small snakes on rare occasions and this has been documented in a study of the stomach contents of museum specimens.[18] Notably, this species also feeds rather infrequently according to a recent study.[4]

Reproduction edit

 
Burton's legless lizard on sand

Reproduction seems to be seasonal in populations of Burton's legless lizard and mating occurs at similar times throughout Australia.[4][10] Ovulation and mating for the species usually occurs from September until summer.[4][10] The species is oviparous and eggs are generally laid from November to January, although, reproduction can occur at any time outside of the usual breeding season and females are capable of laying more than one clutch each year.[4][18] Eggs are laid under logs or rocks, on the ground, under leaf litter and sometimes in the nests of sugar ants.[10]

Clutches can be laid in quick succession with each clutch containing 1 to 3 tough, leathery eggs, although a clutch size of 2 eggs is by far the most common.[18][19] Nesting can be communal and up to 20 eggs have been found in a nest.[10][18] Another characteristic that has been discovered is the ability of females of this species to either store sperm for reproduction at a later time or to reproduce through parthenogenesis which does not require mating to be successful.[4] Hatchlings are approximately 13 centimetres long.[10]

Captivity edit

In Australia a license is required to keep the Burton's legless lizard as a pet.[citation needed]

Behaviour edit

 
Burton's legless lizard cleaning its spectacle

Burton's legless lizard is generally a diurnal feeder as prey is most commonly encountered during the day but it can be active at any time.[4] This is highlighted as its movements tend to be nocturnal to take advantage of benefits such as reduced risks of hyperthermia during hot conditions and reduced risks of predation from diurnal predators like raptors.[4] Another reason for it to move at night is to avoid revealing its ambush position in the day when it has the highest likelihood of encountering an otherwise unsuspecting prey item.[4] In addition, there is geographic variation in movement and feeding patterns which is expected as this species is very widespread and inhabits a variety of different environments.[4]

This lizard is a visually oriented predator that strikes based on movement and requires shelter to ambush its prey.[4] Shelter is also required to hide from predators and may be particularly important after feeding as individuals become more sedentary than usual which is thought to be an anti-predator response.[20] Alternatively, shelter also plays a key role in lizard thermoregulation.[4] Deep leaf litter for example, is very good shelter as individuals can bury themselves at an appropriate depth to regulate temperature and remain hidden at the same time.[4]

Burton's legless lizard also uses caudal luring as a feeding strategy which is rare in lizards.[21] Notably, this behaviour only occurs if its initial ambush attack is unsuccessful in capturing its intended prey.[21] However, this tactic is not exhibited every time that prey escapes as the likelihood of this tactic being used increases with time since an individual's last meal.[21] Caudal luring can be used to recapture prey in 3 ways as it can be used to lure prey towards it, to distract prey at the moment that it strikes or both.[21]

Feeding strategies are a very important behaviour for this species as the lizards it eats can often be large enough to inflict a retaliatory bite that could cause serious harm.[9] This is thought to be the reason that this species will modify its strike precision according to prey size as strikes at large prey will be directed at either the head or neck to prevent them from biting back.[9] Furthermore, Burton's legless lizard will hold large prey until it is incapacitated before swallowing to prevent harm to itself whereas it swallows small prey that is still struggling as swallowing live prey costs less energy than waiting for it to be incapacitated.[9]

This species also has a tendency to vocalise, especially, when it is threatened.[5] Furthermore, if it is seized by a predator it can drop its tail like many other lizards.[4] However, there are substantial costs associated with a lizard losing its tail as it requires time and energy to grow back.[4]

 
Burton's legless lizard on a rocky surface

Conservation edit

L. burtonis is not a priority for conservation as it is Australia's most widespread reptile and inhabits almost all Australian habitat types with only a few exceptions.[4][6] In addition, it is not known how abundant Burton's legless lizard is, but there has been no indication that this species is rare or rapidly declining.[4][6] Consequently, while Burton's legless lizard has not been assessed for an IUCN conservation status yet, it is predicted with a fair degree of confidence that it would be given the status of "least concern".

References edit

  1. ^ Oliver, P. [in French]; Parker, F.; Tallowin, O.; O'Shea, M.; Ellis, R.; Shea, G. (2017). "Lialis burtonis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T42483075A42483082. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T42483075A42483082.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ Pygopod. (2013). In The free dictionary online. Retrieved from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Pygopod
  3. ^ a b Bradshaw SD, Gans C, Girons HS (1980). "Behavioural thermoregulation in a pygopodid lizard, Lialis burtonis ". Copeia 1980 (4): 738-743. JSTOR 1444452
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Wall M, Shine R (2013). "Ecology and behaviour of Burton’s legless lizard (Lialis burtonis, Pygopodidae) in tropical Australia". Asian Herpetological Research 4 (1): 9-21. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00009
  5. ^ a b Weber E, Werner YL (1977). "Vocalisations of two snake-lizards (Reptilia: Sauria: Pygopodidae)". Herpetologica 33(3): 353-363. JSTOR 3891953
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Cogger HG (2000). Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. Sixth Edition. Sydney: Reed New Holland.
  7. ^ Gray JE (1835). "Characters of a New Genus of Reptiles (Lialis) from New South Wales". Proceedings of the Zoological Societry of London 1834: 134-135. (Lialis burtonis, new species). (in Latin and English).
  8. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Lialis burtonis, p. 43).
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wall M, Shine R (2007). "Dangerous food: Lacking venom and constriction, how do snake-like lizards (Lialis burtonis, Pygopodidae) subdue their lizard prey?" Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 91 (4): 719-727. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00835.x
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Cronin L (2001). Key guide: Australian reptiles and amphibians. Annandale, New South Wales: Envirobook.
  11. ^ Vidal N, Hedges SB (2005). "The phylogeny of squamate reptiles (lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians) inferred from nine nuclear protein-coding genes". Comptes Rendus Biologies 328 (10-11): 1000-1008. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2005.10.001
  12. ^ Gorman GC, Gress F (1970). "Sex chromosomes of a pygopodid lizard, Lialis burtonis ". Experientia 26 (2): 206-207. doi:10.1007/BF01895586
  13. ^ Wever EG (1974). "The ear of Lialis burtonis (Sauria: Pygopodidae), its structure and function". Copeia 1974 (2): 297-305. JSTOR 1442523
  14. ^ Oliver PM, Bauer AM (2011). "Systematics and evolution of the Australian knob-tail geckos (Nephrurus, Carphodactylidae, Gekkota): plesiomorphic grades and biome shifts through the Miocene". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59 (3): 664-674. ISSN 1055-7903 doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.018
  15. ^ Skipwith, Phillip L.; Bi, Ke; Oliver, Paul M. (2019-11-01). "Relicts and radiations: Phylogenomics of an Australasian lizard clade with east Gondwanan origins (Gekkota: Diplodactyloidea)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 140 (106589): 106589. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106589. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 31425788.
  16. ^ a b Patchell FC, Shine R (1986b). "Feeding mechanisms in pygopodid lizards: How can Lialis swallow such large prey?" Journal of Herpetology 20 (1): 59-64. JSTOR 1564125
  17. ^ a b Wall M, Shine R (2009). "The relationship between foraging ecology and lizard chemo-reception: Can a snake analogue (Burton’s legless lizard, Lialis burtonis) detect prey scent?" Ethology 115 (3): 264-272. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01595.x
  18. ^ a b c d Patchell FC, Shine R (1986a). "Food habits and reproductive biology of the Australian legless lizards (Pygopodidae)". Copeia 1986 (1): 30-39. JSTOR 1444884
  19. ^ Neill WT (1957). "Notes on the pygopodid lizards, Lialis burtonis and L. jicari ". Copeia 1957 (3): 230-232. JSTOR 1439366
  20. ^ Wall M, Shine R (2008). "Post-feeding thermophily in lizards (Lialis burtonis Gray, Pygopodidae): Laboratory studies can provide misleading results". Journal of Thermal Biology 33 (5): 274-279. doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2008.02.005
  21. ^ a b c d Murray BA, Bradshaw SD, Edward DH (1991). "Feeding behaviour and the occurrence of caudal luring in Burton’s pygopodid Lialis burtonis (Sauria: Pygopodidae)". Copeia 1991 (2): 509-516. RJSTOR 1446599

Further reading edit

  • Cogger HG (2014). Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, Seventh Edition. Clayton, Victoria, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. xxx + 1,033 pp. ISBN 978-0643100350.
  • Goin CJ, Goin OB, Zug GR (1978). Introduction to Herpetology, Third Edition. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. xi + 378 pp. ISBN 0-7167-0020-4. (Lialis burtonis, p. 286).
  • Wilson, Steve; Swan, Gerry (2013). A Complete Guide to Reptiles of Australia, Fourth Edition. Sydney: New Holland Publishers. 522 pp. ISBN 978-1921517280.

External links edit

  Media related to Lialis burtonis at Wikimedia Commons

March 06, 2024
burton, legless, lizard, lialis, burtonis, species, lizard, family, pygopodidae, species, lacks, forelegs, only, rudimentary, hind, legs, pygopodid, lizards, also, referred, legless, lizards, flap, footed, lizards, snake, lizards, this, species, native, austra. Burton s legless lizard Lialis burtonis is a species of lizard in the family Pygopodidae The species lacks forelegs and has only rudimentary hind legs 2 Pygopodid lizards are also referred to as legless lizards 3 flap footed lizards 4 and snake lizards 5 This species is native to Australia and Papua New Guinea 6 Burton s legless lizardConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ReptiliaOrder SquamataFamily PygopodidaeGenus LialisSpecies L burtonisBinomial nameLialis burtonisGray 1835 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Diet 5 Reproduction 6 Captivity 7 Behaviour 8 Conservation 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External linksTaxonomy editEnglish zoologist John Edward Gray described Burton s legless lizard in 1835 7 The specific name burtonis is in honour of British army surgeon Edward Burton 1790 1867 8 Burton s legless lizard Lialis burtonis is a member of the genus Lialis within the family Pygopodidae 4 There are approximately 40 species in the family Pygopodidae however Burton s legless lizard and another species L jicari are the only species that fall within genus Lialis 4 Members in genus Lialis are considered analogous to macrostomatan snakes as these taxonomic groups have functionally similar adaptations such as the ability to swallow relatively large prey whole However their resemblance to snakes is merely superficial example of convergent evolution and they are not closely related 4 9 Differences between legless lizards and snakes include the lack of venom glands in legless lizards their inability to constrict prey the presence of a fleshy tongue rather than a forked tongue visible ear holes and remnant hind limbs 4 9 10 Burton s legless lizard and the Pygopodidae as a whole are members of the infraorder Gekkota meaning that they are essentially legless geckos 11 12 13 Pygopods are the namesake of the Australasian gecko superfamily Pygopodoidea sometimes called Diplodactyloidea and they are the sister taxon to legged geckos in the family Carphodactylidae 14 15 Description edit nbsp Burton s legless lizard and its elongated snout and distinctive wedge shaped headBurton s legless lizard has significant morphological adaptations to enable it to deal with large struggling prey items 9 The first adaptation is a skull with an elongated snout that may along with its pointed recurved and hinged teeth be an adaptation that assists it to grip its prey 16 In addition this elongated snout may also promote binocular vision which would allow strikes to be more accurately directed 9 Another adaptation that assists Burton s legless lizard to hold its prey is its flexible mesokinetic and hypokinetic joints which allow its jaws to encircle prey 9 16 Lastly the ability of the species to retract its eyes is of key importance as it is a visual predator that relies on eyesight and this adaptation effectively protects them during conflict 9 Distribution and habitat editBurton s legless lizard occurs almost Australia wide but it is absent in parts of southern Australia including Tasmania 6 This species is also found in Papua New Guinea although populations are limited to one small area 6 Burton s legless lizard is found in a variety of habitats from deserts to the margins of rainforests but not in southern alpine areas and extreme northern deserts as would be expected based on its distribution 6 10 It is usually found in low vegetation or debris on the ground such as leaf litter which has been shown to be important to specimens located in tropical environments 4 6 This was demonstrated in an experiment where individuals were given a choice of several thermally comparable environments and there was an overwhelming preference for leaf litter by specimens from the tropics 4 In areas where leaf litter is not as readily available this species will use grasses abandoned burrows and other shelter that it can find as habitat 10 nbsp Burton s legless lizard on some sticksDiet editL burtonis feeds almost exclusively on lizards 6 10 17 Generally skinks are the main prey item taken but other legless lizards geckos and dragons are also a part of the diet of Burton s legless lizard 3 10 17 In addition it has been reported that this species will eat small snakes on rare occasions and this has been documented in a study of the stomach contents of museum specimens 18 Notably this species also feeds rather infrequently according to a recent study 4 Reproduction edit nbsp Burton s legless lizard on sandReproduction seems to be seasonal in populations of Burton s legless lizard and mating occurs at similar times throughout Australia 4 10 Ovulation and mating for the species usually occurs from September until summer 4 10 The species is oviparous and eggs are generally laid from November to January although reproduction can occur at any time outside of the usual breeding season and females are capable of laying more than one clutch each year 4 18 Eggs are laid under logs or rocks on the ground under leaf litter and sometimes in the nests of sugar ants 10 Clutches can be laid in quick succession with each clutch containing 1 to 3 tough leathery eggs although a clutch size of 2 eggs is by far the most common 18 19 Nesting can be communal and up to 20 eggs have been found in a nest 10 18 Another characteristic that has been discovered is the ability of females of this species to either store sperm for reproduction at a later time or to reproduce through parthenogenesis which does not require mating to be successful 4 Hatchlings are approximately 13 centimetres long 10 Captivity editIn Australia a license is required to keep the Burton s legless lizard as a pet citation needed Behaviour edit nbsp Burton s legless lizard cleaning its spectacleBurton s legless lizard is generally a diurnal feeder as prey is most commonly encountered during the day but it can be active at any time 4 This is highlighted as its movements tend to be nocturnal to take advantage of benefits such as reduced risks of hyperthermia during hot conditions and reduced risks of predation from diurnal predators like raptors 4 Another reason for it to move at night is to avoid revealing its ambush position in the day when it has the highest likelihood of encountering an otherwise unsuspecting prey item 4 In addition there is geographic variation in movement and feeding patterns which is expected as this species is very widespread and inhabits a variety of different environments 4 This lizard is a visually oriented predator that strikes based on movement and requires shelter to ambush its prey 4 Shelter is also required to hide from predators and may be particularly important after feeding as individuals become more sedentary than usual which is thought to be an anti predator response 20 Alternatively shelter also plays a key role in lizard thermoregulation 4 Deep leaf litter for example is very good shelter as individuals can bury themselves at an appropriate depth to regulate temperature and remain hidden at the same time 4 Burton s legless lizard also uses caudal luring as a feeding strategy which is rare in lizards 21 Notably this behaviour only occurs if its initial ambush attack is unsuccessful in capturing its intended prey 21 However this tactic is not exhibited every time that prey escapes as the likelihood of this tactic being used increases with time since an individual s last meal 21 Caudal luring can be used to recapture prey in 3 ways as it can be used to lure prey towards it to distract prey at the moment that it strikes or both 21 Feeding strategies are a very important behaviour for this species as the lizards it eats can often be large enough to inflict a retaliatory bite that could cause serious harm 9 This is thought to be the reason that this species will modify its strike precision according to prey size as strikes at large prey will be directed at either the head or neck to prevent them from biting back 9 Furthermore Burton s legless lizard will hold large prey until it is incapacitated before swallowing to prevent harm to itself whereas it swallows small prey that is still struggling as swallowing live prey costs less energy than waiting for it to be incapacitated 9 This species also has a tendency to vocalise especially when it is threatened 5 Furthermore if it is seized by a predator it can drop its tail like many other lizards 4 However there are substantial costs associated with a lizard losing its tail as it requires time and energy to grow back 4 nbsp Burton s legless lizard on a rocky surfaceConservation editL burtonis is not a priority for conservation as it is Australia s most widespread reptile and inhabits almost all Australian habitat types with only a few exceptions 4 6 In addition it is not known how abundant Burton s legless lizard is but there has been no indication that this species is rare or rapidly declining 4 6 Consequently while Burton s legless lizard has not been assessed for an IUCN conservation status yet it is predicted with a fair degree of confidence that it would be given the status of least concern References edit Oliver P in French Parker F Tallowin O O Shea M Ellis R Shea G 2017 Lialis burtonis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 e T42483075A42483082 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 3 RLTS T42483075A42483082 en Retrieved 20 November 2021 Pygopod 2013 In The free dictionary online Retrieved from http www thefreedictionary com Pygopod a b Bradshaw SD Gans C Girons HS 1980 Behavioural thermoregulation in a pygopodid lizard Lialis burtonis Copeia 1980 4 738 743 JSTOR 1444452 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Wall M Shine R 2013 Ecology and behaviour of Burton s legless lizard Lialis burtonis Pygopodidae in tropical Australia Asian Herpetological Research 4 1 9 21 doi 10 3724 SP J 1245 2013 00009 a b Weber E Werner YL 1977 Vocalisations of two snake lizards Reptilia Sauria Pygopodidae Herpetologica 33 3 353 363 JSTOR 3891953 a b c d e f g h Cogger HG 2000 Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia Sixth Edition Sydney Reed New Holland Gray JE 1835 Characters of a New Genus of Reptiles Lialis from New South Wales Proceedings of the Zoological Societry of London 1834 134 135 Lialis burtonis new species in Latin and English Beolens Bo Watkins Michael Grayson Michael 2011 The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press xiii 296 pp ISBN 978 1 4214 0135 5 Lialis burtonis p 43 a b c d e f g h i Wall M Shine R 2007 Dangerous food Lacking venom and constriction how do snake like lizards Lialis burtonis Pygopodidae subdue their lizard prey Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 91 4 719 727 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8312 2007 00835 x a b c d e f g h i j Cronin L 2001 Key guide Australian reptiles and amphibians Annandale New South Wales Envirobook Vidal N Hedges SB 2005 The phylogeny of squamate reptiles lizards snakes and amphisbaenians inferred from nine nuclear protein coding genes Comptes Rendus Biologies 328 10 11 1000 1008 doi 10 1016 j crvi 2005 10 001 Gorman GC Gress F 1970 Sex chromosomes of a pygopodid lizard Lialis burtonis Experientia 26 2 206 207 doi 10 1007 BF01895586 Wever EG 1974 The ear of Lialis burtonis Sauria Pygopodidae its structure and function Copeia 1974 2 297 305 JSTOR 1442523 Oliver PM Bauer AM 2011 Systematics and evolution of the Australian knob tail geckos Nephrurus Carphodactylidae Gekkota plesiomorphic grades and biome shifts through the Miocene Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59 3 664 674 ISSN 1055 7903 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2011 03 018 Skipwith Phillip L Bi Ke Oliver Paul M 2019 11 01 Relicts and radiations Phylogenomics of an Australasian lizard clade with east Gondwanan origins Gekkota Diplodactyloidea Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 140 106589 106589 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2019 106589 ISSN 1055 7903 PMID 31425788 a b Patchell FC Shine R 1986b Feeding mechanisms in pygopodid lizards How can Lialis swallow such large prey Journal of Herpetology 20 1 59 64 JSTOR 1564125 a b Wall M Shine R 2009 The relationship between foraging ecology and lizard chemo reception Can a snake analogue Burton s legless lizard Lialis burtonis detect prey scent Ethology 115 3 264 272 doi 10 1111 j 1439 0310 2008 01595 x a b c d Patchell FC Shine R 1986a Food habits and reproductive biology of the Australian legless lizards Pygopodidae Copeia 1986 1 30 39 JSTOR 1444884 Neill WT 1957 Notes on the pygopodid lizards Lialis burtonis and L jicari Copeia 1957 3 230 232 JSTOR 1439366 Wall M Shine R 2008 Post feeding thermophily in lizards Lialis burtonis Gray Pygopodidae Laboratory studies can provide misleading results Journal of Thermal Biology 33 5 274 279 doi 10 1016 j jtherbio 2008 02 005 a b c d Murray BA Bradshaw SD Edward DH 1991 Feeding behaviour and the occurrence of caudal luring in Burton s pygopodid Lialis burtonis Sauria Pygopodidae Copeia 1991 2 509 516 RJSTOR 1446599Further reading editCogger HG 2014 Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia Seventh Edition Clayton Victoria Australia CSIRO Publishing xxx 1 033 pp ISBN 978 0643100350 Goin CJ Goin OB Zug GR 1978 Introduction to Herpetology Third Edition San Francisco W H Freeman xi 378 pp ISBN 0 7167 0020 4 Lialis burtonis p 286 Wilson Steve Swan Gerry 2013 A Complete Guide to Reptiles of Australia Fourth Edition Sydney New Holland Publishers 522 pp ISBN 978 1921517280 External links edit nbsp Media related to Lialis burtonis at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Burton 27s legless lizard amp oldid 1137793680, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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