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The Burs (Latin Buri, Buredeense and Buridavenses; Greek Βοῦροι) were a Dacian tribe living in Dacia in the 1st and 2nd centuries A.D., with their capital city at Buridava.[1][2][3]
According to Wilhelm Tomaschek, the root bur- is well known with the Dacian Thracian names: i.e. Burus (Thrax), Bουρχέντιος (that is to say Bhūri–Kanta, a Bessian from Thrace[4]), Burebista (the king of Dacians that is maybe related to Sanskritbhūri "abundant, rich" and Iranian vista "possessor" [4]).[5]
Historical evidence
The Dacian tribe Buredeense / Buri is attested by the ninth tabula of Europe of Ptolemy's Geography,[2] Cassius Dio[1] and inscriptions.[6]
Before the battle of Tapae (101) (in the first campaign of Trajan) the Dacian tribe, the Buri, sent Trajan a message to the effect that he should withdraw from Dacia and restore peaceful relations. Their message to him was inscribed on the smooth top of a very large mushroom, in Latin.[3][1] This message was unusual enough to become part of a frieze on Trajan's Column.[3]
In the 6th century a deed issued by Justinian, dated 530 AD, mentions the Burs:[7]
"Insuper constituimus, tibique damus hic descripta armorum insignia: videlicet: scutum in septem partes divisum; in medio eius, scutum aureum, cui inest aquila dupplex, alba et nigra, quae significat Emblema Imperiale, cuius capita coronata sunt purpureo Imperiali diademate, ex parte dextra in prima divisione scutum rubrum, in cuius medio videtur turris, significans utramque Daciam, in secunda divisione scutum coeleste, cum tribus Burris, quarum duae e lateribus albae sunt, media vero aurea, quae indicat Albaniam superiorem; in tertia sectione scutum album cum uno Leone, indicante Epyrum; ex parte vero sinistra in sectione scutum coelestis coloris cum dupplici cruce aurea, exprimente secundam Pannoniam; in secunda divisione scutum rubrum, in cuius medio est caper nigri coloris, significans Macedoniam: et in tertia sectione scutum viridis coloris, et in eo duo brachia vestita, stemma aureum septem margaritis gemmatum tenentia, quae indicant Thessaliam: duo quoque emicant astra aurea, unum in media superioris scuti parte, et alterum in inferiori, quae complementum symbolicum ceterarum terrarum, et provinciarum terminant. Super dictis emblematibus apparet crux erecta triformis, significans dignitatem summi sacerdotii, corona Ducali tecta; in dextra eius parte gladius aureus absolutam in temporali authoritatem indicans: e sinistra vero pedum Pastorale, dictans authoritatem in spirituali, quae omnia cooperiuntur Pileo rubro, longo funicolo cum longis nodis et aureis fimbriis circumplexo, quo caput tuum adornabis comparens in omnibus publicis functionibus."[7]
Identity and distribution
Dacian Buri on the map of Roman operations AD 180–182.
According to Shchukin (1989), Bichir (1976) the tribal union of Buri were part of the Dacian state of Burebista, besides the Daci, the Getae, and the Carpi.[8]
The socio-political formation of the Dacians Buri / Buridavensi that was centered on Buridava was located to the North East of Oltenia and Muntenia (modern Vâlcea and Argeş counties) and also on the other side of the Carpathians, in the regions of Sebeş and Făgăraş mountains.[11] This tribal union is documented by the archaeological monetary findings Aninoasa Dobresti.[11] Among other evidences, a fragment of a vase carrying the inscription BUR, discovered at Ocnița, Muntenia, Romania, indicates the name of the tribe or union of tribes, the Buridavensi Dacians.[6]
The Buri of the Upper Basin of Tisza is a part of the Buridavensi that migrated towards North West, where they neighbored the Germanic Quadi. At the new location, ancient sources also list other Dacian tribes: Piegetae, Biessi, Carpians, Arsitae, and Racatae.[9]
The material culture of a mixed Dacian-Germanic origin, known in Slovakia ever since the beginning of the first century AD (at Zemplin, for instance), could represent the population named Buri in historical sources.[12]
Austin, N. J. E; Rankov, . N. B. (1998). Exploratio: Military and Political Intelligence in the Roman World from the Second Punic War to the Battle of Adrianople. Routledge. ISBN978-0-415-18301-7.
Berciu, Dumitru (1981). Buridava dacică, Volume 1. Academiei RS Romania.
Johnson, Henry Clark; Tacitus (1885). The Agricola and Germania of Cornelius Tacitus: with explanatory notes and maps. AS Barnes and Co.
MacKenzie, Andrew (1986). Archaeology in Romania: The Mystery of the Roman occupation. Hale. ISBN978-0-7090-2724-9.
Pop, Ion Aurel; Bolovan, Ioan; Andea, Susana (2006). History of Romania : compendium. Cluj-Napoca : Romanian Cultural Institute. ISBN978-973-7784-12-4.
Pârvan, Vasile (1928). Dacia. Cambridge University Press.
Taylor, Timothy (2001). Northeastern European Iron Age pages 210-221 and East Central European Iron Age pages 79-90. Springer Published in conjunction with the Human Relations Area Files. ISBN978-0-306-46258-0.
Tomaschek, W (2007). Les restes de la langue dace. Routledge. ISBN978-0-415-41252-0.
External links
March 13, 2023
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Not to be confused with Buri Germanic tribe This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Romanian December 2010 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Romanian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 327 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Romanian Wikipedia article at ro Buri see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ro Buri to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The Burs Latin Buri Buredeense and Buridavenses Greek Boῦroi were a Dacian tribe living in Dacia in the 1st and 2nd centuries A D with their capital city at Buridava 1 2 3 Dacian Buri Burridensi on the Roman Empire Map Contents 1 Name 2 Historical evidence 3 Identity and distribution 4 Notes 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksName EditAccording to Wilhelm Tomaschek the root bur is well known with the Dacian Thracian names i e Burus Thrax Boyrxentios that is to say Bhuri Kanta a Bessian from Thrace 4 Burebista the king of Dacians that is maybe related to Sanskrit bhuri abundant rich and Iranian vista possessor 4 5 Historical evidence EditThe Dacian tribe Buredeense Buri is attested by the ninth tabula of Europe of Ptolemy s Geography 2 Cassius Dio 1 and inscriptions 6 Before the battle of Tapae 101 in the first campaign of Trajan the Dacian tribe the Buri sent Trajan a message to the effect that he should withdraw from Dacia and restore peaceful relations Their message to him was inscribed on the smooth top of a very large mushroom in Latin 3 1 This message was unusual enough to become part of a frieze on Trajan s Column 3 In the 6th century a deed issued by Justinian dated 530 AD mentions the Burs 7 Insuper constituimus tibique damus hic descripta armorum insignia videlicet scutum in septem partes divisum in medio eius scutum aureum cui inest aquila dupplex alba et nigra quae significat Emblema Imperiale cuius capita coronata sunt purpureo Imperiali diademate ex parte dextra in prima divisione scutum rubrum in cuius medio videtur turris significans utramque Daciam in secunda divisione scutum coeleste cum tribus Burris quarum duae e lateribus albae sunt media vero aurea quae indicat Albaniam superiorem in tertia sectione scutum album cum uno Leone indicante Epyrum ex parte vero sinistra in sectione scutum coelestis coloris cum dupplici cruce aurea exprimente secundam Pannoniam in secunda divisione scutum rubrum in cuius medio est caper nigri coloris significans Macedoniam et in tertia sectione scutum viridis coloris et in eo duo brachia vestita stemma aureum septem margaritis gemmatum tenentia quae indicant Thessaliam duo quoque emicant astra aurea unum in media superioris scuti parte et alterum in inferiori quae complementum symbolicum ceterarum terrarum et provinciarum terminant Super dictis emblematibus apparet crux erecta triformis significans dignitatem summi sacerdotii corona Ducali tecta in dextra eius parte gladius aureus absolutam in temporali authoritatem indicans e sinistra vero pedum Pastorale dictans authoritatem in spirituali quae omnia cooperiuntur Pileo rubro longo funicolo cum longis nodis et aureis fimbriis circumplexo quo caput tuum adornabis comparens in omnibus publicis functionibus 7 Identity and distribution Edit Dacian Buri on the map of Roman operations AD 180 182 According to Shchukin 1989 Bichir 1976 the tribal union of Buri were part of the Dacian state of Burebista besides the Daci the Getae and the Carpi 8 They allied with other tribes in the region to support the efforts by Decebal the Dacian king to turn back the Romans There were two Dacian tribes Buri one in the later Roman Dacia centered on Buridava and other located to the North West of Dacia South of Slovakian Carpathians in the Upper Basin of Tisza 9 Note the Germanic Buri were between the Oder and the Vistula between Cracow and Troppau in Silesia They were allies of Trajan Roman Emperor in his war against the Dacians and also of Marcus Aurelius in the Marcomannic Wars 10 The socio political formation of the Dacians Buri Buridavensi that was centered on Buridava was located to the North East of Oltenia and Muntenia modern Valcea and Arges counties and also on the other side of the Carpathians in the regions of Sebes and Făgăras mountains 11 This tribal union is documented by the archaeological monetary findings Aninoasa Dobresti 11 Among other evidences a fragment of a vase carrying the inscription BUR discovered at Ocnița Muntenia Romania indicates the name of the tribe or union of tribes the Buridavensi Dacians 6 The Buri of the Upper Basin of Tisza is a part of the Buridavensi that migrated towards North West where they neighbored the Germanic Quadi At the new location ancient sources also list other Dacian tribes Piegetae Biessi Carpians Arsitae and Racatae 9 The material culture of a mixed Dacian Germanic origin known in Slovakia ever since the beginning of the first century AD at Zemplin for instance could represent the population named Buri in historical sources 12 Notes Edit a b c Parvan 1928 p 159 a b Oltean 2007 p 46 a b c Austin amp Rankov 1998 p 65 a b Tomaschek 2007 p 403 Parvan 1928 p 224 a b MacKenzie 1986 p 66 a b Fejer Gyorgy 2012 Codex Diplomaticus Hungariae Ecclesiasticus Ac Civilis Studio Et Opera G Fejer Nabu Press p 526 ISBN 978 1278751115 Taylor 2001 p 210 216 a b Parvan 1928 p 336 Johnson amp Tacitus 1885 p 71 a b Berciu 1981 p 157 Pop Bolovan amp Andea 2006 p 98 See also EditList of Dacian tribes Buridava BurebistaReferences EditAustin N J E Rankov N B 1998 Exploratio Military and Political Intelligence in the Roman World from the Second Punic War to the Battle of Adrianople Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 18301 7 Berciu Dumitru 1981 Buridava dacică Volume 1 Academiei RS Romania Johnson Henry Clark Tacitus 1885 The Agricola and Germania of Cornelius Tacitus with explanatory notes and maps AS Barnes and Co MacKenzie Andrew 1986 Archaeology in Romania The Mystery of the Roman occupation Hale ISBN 978 0 7090 2724 9 Oltean Ioana Adina 2007 Dacia landscape colonisation and romanisation Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 41252 0 Pop Ion Aurel Bolovan Ioan Andea Susana 2006 History of Romania compendium Cluj Napoca Romanian Cultural Institute ISBN 978 973 7784 12 4 Parvan Vasile 1928 Dacia Cambridge University Press Taylor Timothy 2001 Northeastern European Iron Age pages 210 221andEast Central European Iron Age pages 79 90 Springer Published in conjunction with the Human Relations Area Files ISBN 978 0 306 46258 0 Tomaschek W 2007 Les restes de la langue dace Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 41252 0 External links EditThe conquest of the Dacia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Burs Dacia amp oldid 1075777302, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
