The Bureau of Steam Engineering was a bureau of the United States Navy, created by the act of 5 July 1862, receiving some of the duties of the former Bureau of Construction, Equipment and Repair. It became, by the Naval Appropriation Act of 4 June 1920, the Bureau of Engineering (BuEng). In 1940 it combined with the Bureau of Construction and Repair (BuC&R) and became the Bureau of Ships (BuShips).
"Engineering, both in operating the shipboard machinery and in the design and construction of ships, became critically important with the outbreak of the Civil War. The Navy had to blockade a ‘coastline stretching over 3,000 miles from the Potomac to the Mexican border. It had to support the Army on the rivers; it had to search out and destroy Confederate raiders. For all these purposes, the steam engine and the engineer were indispensable. On the day of battle, steam engines drove the Monitor and the Merrimack, the Kearsarge and the Alabama, as well as the gunboats which supported Grant before Fort Donelson and Vicksburg. In 1862, Congress recognized the importance of engineering by creating the Bureau of Steam Engineering.[1]
"When Lee surrendered, the United States Navy was the most effective sea power in the world. That position depended upon engineering which, in turn, was based on the skill of Benjamin F. Isherwood, first Chief of the Bureau of Steam Engineering. He designed and built engines rugged enough to withstand the shock of combat, as well as ill-treatment by poorly trained operating engineers. He also designed and constructed a well-armed cruiser which was faster than any abroad. In addition, American naval leadership rested upon ingenious civilian engineers and inventors such as John Ericsson, who designed and built the Monitor."[1]
The Navy's first marine engineer was a civilian appointment in 1836.[2] Congress authorized the establishment of an Engineer Corps in 1842.[3] The 1862 reorganization gave officers of the Engineer Corps their own bureau with dedicated billets to avoid competition from Construction Corps officers (naval architects) in the separated Bureau of Construction and Repair.[4] In 1864 Congress authorized establishment of a separate United States Naval Academy curriculum for naval constructors and steam engineers; and the academy offered parallel tracks for cadet-midshipmen and cadet-engineers.[4] Shipboard commanding officers became uncomfortable with their increasing dependency on the skills and advice of subordinates trained in matters unfamiliar to them; so a common naval academy curriculum was re-instituted in 1882, and Engineer Corps officers were merged into the unrestricted line in 1899.[4] Junior Engineer Corps officers qualified for general line duties at sea, and senior Engineer Corps officers were restricted to shore assignments in their specialties.[4] The restricted line officer concept of "engineering duty only" (EDO) was revived in 1916 when the Engineer Corps officers proved inadequately prepared for the expanded shipbuilding programs of World War I.[5] The EDO designation expanded to include naval architects of the former Construction Corps when the two Corps were merged into the Bureau of Ships in 1940.[2]
The consolidation with BuEng into BuShips had its origins when USS Anderson, first of the Sims-classdestroyers to be delivered, was found to be heavier than designed and dangerously top-heavy in early 1939. It was determined that an underestimate by BuEng of the weight of a new machinery design was responsible, and that BuC&R did not have sufficient authority to detect or correct the error during the design process. Initially, Acting Secretary of the NavyCharles Edison proposed consolidation of the design divisions of the two bureaus. When the bureau chiefs could not agree on how to do this, he replaced both chiefs in September 1939. The consolidation was finally effected by a law passed by Congress on 20 June 1940.[6]
Commanding officersedit
Commanding and senior officers of the bureau were:[7]
Works by or about the Bureau of Steam Engineering at Internet Archive
January 01, 1970
bureau, steam, engineering, bureau, united, states, navy, created, july, 1862, receiving, some, duties, former, bureau, construction, equipment, repair, became, naval, appropriation, june, 1920, bureau, engineering, bueng, 1940, combined, with, bureau, constru. The Bureau of Steam Engineering was a bureau of the United States Navy created by the act of 5 July 1862 receiving some of the duties of the former Bureau of Construction Equipment and Repair It became by the Naval Appropriation Act of 4 June 1920 the Bureau of Engineering BuEng In 1940 it combined with the Bureau of Construction and Repair BuC amp R and became the Bureau of Ships BuShips Contents 1 Historical background 2 Commanding officers 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistorical background edit Engineering both in operating the shipboard machinery and in the design and construction of ships became critically important with the outbreak of the Civil War The Navy had to blockade a coastline stretching over 3 000 miles from the Potomac to the Mexican border It had to support the Army on the rivers it had to search out and destroy Confederate raiders For all these purposes the steam engine and the engineer were indispensable On the day of battle steam engines drove the Monitor and the Merrimack the Kearsarge and the Alabama as well as the gunboats which supported Grant before Fort Donelson and Vicksburg In 1862 Congress recognized the importance of engineering by creating the Bureau of Steam Engineering 1 When Lee surrendered the United States Navy was the most effective sea power in the world That position depended upon engineering which in turn was based on the skill of Benjamin F Isherwood first Chief of the Bureau of Steam Engineering He designed and built engines rugged enough to withstand the shock of combat as well as ill treatment by poorly trained operating engineers He also designed and constructed a well armed cruiser which was faster than any abroad In addition American naval leadership rested upon ingenious civilian engineers and inventors such as John Ericsson who designed and built the Monitor 1 The Navy s first marine engineer was a civilian appointment in 1836 2 Congress authorized the establishment of an Engineer Corps in 1842 3 The 1862 reorganization gave officers of the Engineer Corps their own bureau with dedicated billets to avoid competition from Construction Corps officers naval architects in the separated Bureau of Construction and Repair 4 In 1864 Congress authorized establishment of a separate United States Naval Academy curriculum for naval constructors and steam engineers and the academy offered parallel tracks for cadet midshipmen and cadet engineers 4 Shipboard commanding officers became uncomfortable with their increasing dependency on the skills and advice of subordinates trained in matters unfamiliar to them so a common naval academy curriculum was re instituted in 1882 and Engineer Corps officers were merged into the unrestricted line in 1899 4 Junior Engineer Corps officers qualified for general line duties at sea and senior Engineer Corps officers were restricted to shore assignments in their specialties 4 The restricted line officer concept of engineering duty only EDO was revived in 1916 when the Engineer Corps officers proved inadequately prepared for the expanded shipbuilding programs of World War I 5 The EDO designation expanded to include naval architects of the former Construction Corps when the two Corps were merged into the Bureau of Ships in 1940 2 The consolidation with BuEng into BuShips had its origins when USS Anderson first of the Sims class destroyers to be delivered was found to be heavier than designed and dangerously top heavy in early 1939 It was determined that an underestimate by BuEng of the weight of a new machinery design was responsible and that BuC amp R did not have sufficient authority to detect or correct the error during the design process Initially Acting Secretary of the Navy Charles Edison proposed consolidation of the design divisions of the two bureaus When the bureau chiefs could not agree on how to do this he replaced both chiefs in September 1939 The consolidation was finally effected by a law passed by Congress on 20 June 1940 6 Commanding officers editCommanding and senior officers of the bureau were 7 1862 1869 Benjamin Franklin Isherwood engineer in chief 1869 1873 James Wilson King engineer in chief 1873 1877 William Willis Wood engineer in chief 1877 1883 William Henry Shock commodore 1883 1887 Charles Harding Loring commodore 1887 1903 George Wallace Melville rear admiral 1903 1908 Charles Whiteside Rae rear admiral 1908 1908 John Kennedy Barton rear admiral 1909 1913 Hutch Ingham Cone rear admiral 1913 1921 Robert Stanislaus Griffin rear admiral 1921 1925 John Keeler Robison rear admiral 1925 1928 John Halligan Jr rear admiral 1928 1931 Harry Ervin Yarnell rear admiral 1931 1935 Samuel Murray Robinson rear admiral 1935 1939 Harold Gardiner Bowen Sr rear admiral 1939 1940 Samuel Murray Robinson rear admiralSee also editBoard of Navy Commissioners Bureau of ShipsReferences editCitations a b Rickover Hyman G August 30 1974 The Role of Engineering in the Navy gmapalumni org Retrieved 23 March 2012 a b Snyder p 49 Snyder pp 49 50 a b c d Snyder p 50 Snyder pp 50 51 Furer Julius Augustus 1959 Administration of the Navy Department in World War II Washington DC Government Printing Office pp 217 222 Bureau of Steam Engineering Lists of Commanding Officers and Senior Officials of the US Navy Navy Dept Library 2006 Retrieved 23 March 2012 Bibliography Snyder Philip W RADM USN February 1979 Bring Back the Corps Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute This article incorporates text from the public domainDictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships nbsp This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Naval History and Heritage Command External links editWorks by or about the Bureau of Steam Engineering at Internet Archive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bureau of Steam Engineering amp oldid 1179927260, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
