Budi Utomo (Dutch: Boedi Oetomo), meaning "Noble Endeavour",[2] was an early native nationalist political society in the Dutch East Indies.[3] The organization's founding in 1908 is considered instrumental to the beginning of the Indonesian National Awakening.
Budi Utomo is considered the first nationalist society in the Dutch East Indies. The founder of Budi Utomo was Wahidin Soerdirohoesodo, a retired government doctor who felt that native intellectuals should improve public welfare through education and culture.[4] The society held its first congress on 20 May 1908,[5] a gathering of students at STOVIA, a medical school in Batavia (present-day Jakarta). The first leader was Soedirohoesodo, but at the organization's first major gathering in Yogyakarta in October 1908, he stepped aside for younger organizers.
The Dutch were tolerant of the rise and development of Indonesian nationalism. Budi Utomo did not have mass appeal, and they regarded the nationalist activities in the first decade of the 20th century as a natural outcome of the Ethical Policy, which emphasised the importance of looking after the welfare of the people.[citation needed]
The membership was an upper class elite of natives, government officials and intellectuals, confined very largely to Java and the Javanese. The furtherance of popular education became the main activity. A few branches expanded into native commerce and industry. Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, who would later found the more radical Indische Party, expanded the scope of the society to include more working classes and also the rest of the Indïes outside of Java.[6] The organization enjoyed rapid growth; in 1910, the society had 10,000 members enrolled in 40 branches.[5] At the same time, it received official recognition from the colonial government.
Budi Utomo's primary aim was at first not political. However, it gradually shifted toward political aims with representatives in the conservative Volksraad (the People's Council) and in the provincial councils in Java. Budi Utomo officially dissolved in 1935. After its dissolution, some members joined the largest political party of the time, the moderate Greater Indonesian Party (Parindra). In keeping with the outlook of Budi Utomo, former members—whether in the Volksraad or Parindra—insisted on using the Indonesian language for all public statements.[7]
The use of Budi Utomo to mark the inception of modern nationalism in Indonesia is not without controversy. Although many scholars agree that Budi Utomo was likely the first modern indigenous political organization,[8] others question its value as an index of Indonesian nationalism. For example, in his novels, Pramoedya Ananta Toer pointed to the exclusively the aristocratic and male composition of Budi Utomo.[9]Ariel Heryanto[10] questions the nationalism of Budi Utomo, given that its existence was permitted by the Dutch regime: "Because of [Budi Utomo's] remarkably conservative character, the Dutch colonial administration tolerated [it]."[9] Heryanto points to a "more populist and egalitarian" Muslim association (Sarekat Dagang Islamiyah), born a few years prior, as a more genuinely nationalist organization—one which was banned by the Dutch.[9] In enshrining Budi Utomo as the first nationalist organization, the current government reiterates a colonial version of Indonesian history.[9]
Legacy
The birth of Budi Utomo on 20 May 1908 has been officially commemorated as the National Awakening Day in Indonesia since 1948.[11]
The Museum of National Awakening in Jakarta, dedicated to the Indonesian National Awakening, is housed in a former STOVIA building related to the birth of Budi Utomo. Initially four museums, including a museum to Budi Utomo and a museum to health and medicine, on 7 February 1984, these topical museums were consolidated into the Museum of National Awakening.[12]
^ abcdHeryanto, Ariel. 2008. "Questioning the relevance of national awakening today," The Jakarta Post, May 21, 2008. Archived at . Archived from the original on July 21, 2008. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
^Convenor, Indonesia Studies, University of Melbourne
^Abdullah, Taufik (2009). Indonesia: Towards Democracy. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 18. ISBN9789812303660. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
^Egidius Patnistik (July 17, 2008). "Menelusuri Jejak Boedi Oetomo di Museum Kebangkitan Nasional". KOMPAS (in Indonesian). Retrieved February 12, 2013.
Pringgodigdo, A. K. (1991). Sejarah Pergerakan Rakyat Indonesia [A History of Indonesian Popular Movements] (in Indonesian). Dian Rakyat. ISBN979-523-041-7.
Peter Lowensteyn, "Indonesia Between 1908 and 1928: New Nationalism"
May 20, 2023
budi, utomo, dutch, boedi, oetomo, meaning, noble, endeavour, early, native, nationalist, political, society, dutch, east, indies, organization, founding, 1908, considered, instrumental, beginning, indonesian, national, awakening, dutch, boedi, oetomosuccessor. Budi Utomo Dutch Boedi Oetomo meaning Noble Endeavour 2 was an early native nationalist political society in the Dutch East Indies 3 The organization s founding in 1908 is considered instrumental to the beginning of the Indonesian National Awakening Budi UtomoDutch Boedi OetomoSuccessorParindraFormation20 May 1908Dissolved1935TypeNationalist organizationMembership10 000 end 1909 1 Contents 1 History 2 Legacy 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksHistory EditBudi Utomo is considered the first nationalist society in the Dutch East Indies The founder of Budi Utomo was Wahidin Soerdirohoesodo a retired government doctor who felt that native intellectuals should improve public welfare through education and culture 4 The society held its first congress on 20 May 1908 5 a gathering of students at STOVIA a medical school in Batavia present day Jakarta The first leader was Soedirohoesodo but at the organization s first major gathering in Yogyakarta in October 1908 he stepped aside for younger organizers The Dutch were tolerant of the rise and development of Indonesian nationalism Budi Utomo did not have mass appeal and they regarded the nationalist activities in the first decade of the 20th century as a natural outcome of the Ethical Policy which emphasised the importance of looking after the welfare of the people citation needed The membership was an upper class elite of natives government officials and intellectuals confined very largely to Java and the Javanese The furtherance of popular education became the main activity A few branches expanded into native commerce and industry Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo who would later found the more radical Indische Party expanded the scope of the society to include more working classes and also the rest of the Indies outside of Java 6 The organization enjoyed rapid growth in 1910 the society had 10 000 members enrolled in 40 branches 5 At the same time it received official recognition from the colonial government Budi Utomo s primary aim was at first not political However it gradually shifted toward political aims with representatives in the conservative Volksraad the People s Council and in the provincial councils in Java Budi Utomo officially dissolved in 1935 After its dissolution some members joined the largest political party of the time the moderate Greater Indonesian Party Parindra In keeping with the outlook of Budi Utomo former members whether in the Volksraad or Parindra insisted on using the Indonesian language for all public statements 7 The use of Budi Utomo to mark the inception of modern nationalism in Indonesia is not without controversy Although many scholars agree that Budi Utomo was likely the first modern indigenous political organization 8 others question its value as an index of Indonesian nationalism For example in his novels Pramoedya Ananta Toer pointed to the exclusively the aristocratic and male composition of Budi Utomo 9 Ariel Heryanto 10 questions the nationalism of Budi Utomo given that its existence was permitted by the Dutch regime Because of Budi Utomo s remarkably conservative character the Dutch colonial administration tolerated it 9 Heryanto points to a more populist and egalitarian Muslim association Sarekat Dagang Islamiyah born a few years prior as a more genuinely nationalist organization one which was banned by the Dutch 9 In enshrining Budi Utomo as the first nationalist organization the current government reiterates a colonial version of Indonesian history 9 Legacy EditThe birth of Budi Utomo on 20 May 1908 has been officially commemorated as the National Awakening Day in Indonesia since 1948 11 The Museum of National Awakening in Jakarta dedicated to the Indonesian National Awakening is housed in a former STOVIA building related to the birth of Budi Utomo Initially four museums including a museum to Budi Utomo and a museum to health and medicine on 7 February 1984 these topical museums were consolidated into the Museum of National Awakening 12 Notes Edit Pringgodigdo 1991 p 2 Budi Utomo Indonesian political organization Britannica www britannica com Retrieved February 24 2023 Suhartono 1994 Sejarah Pergerakan Nasional dari Budi Utomo sampai Proklamasi 1908 1945 Yogyakarta Pustaka Pelajar p 32 ISBN 9789798581083 Vickers Adrian 2005 A History of Modern Indonesia Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press p 73 a b cf Vandenbosch 1931 Indies was the popular term coined by the Dutch East Indies government to indicate the inhabitants of the Netherlands East Indies Mrazek Rudolf 2002 Engineers of Happy Land Technology and Nationalism in a Colony Princeton NJ Princeton University Press p 33 cf Mrazek p 89 a b c d Heryanto Ariel 2008 Questioning the relevance of national awakening today The Jakarta Post May 21 2008 Archived at Ariel Heryanto s Blog on national awakening Archived from the original on July 21 2008 Retrieved June 17 2008 Convenor Indonesia Studies University of Melbourne Abdullah Taufik 2009 Indonesia Towards Democracy Institute of Southeast Asian Studies p 18 ISBN 9789812303660 Retrieved May 18 2018 Egidius Patnistik July 17 2008 Menelusuri Jejak Boedi Oetomo di Museum Kebangkitan Nasional KOMPAS in Indonesian Retrieved February 12 2013 References EditKahin George McTurnan 1952 Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia Ithaca NY Cornell University Press ISBN 0 8014 9108 8 Pringgodigdo A K 1991 Sejarah Pergerakan Rakyat Indonesia A History of Indonesian Popular Movements in Indonesian Dian Rakyat ISBN 979 523 041 7 Vandenbosch Amry 1931 Nationalism in Netherlands East India Pacific Affairs Pacific Affairs Vol 4 No 12 4 12 1051 1069 doi 10 2307 2750579 JSTOR 2750579 External links EditPeter Lowensteyn Indonesia Between 1908 and 1928 New Nationalism Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Budi Utomo amp oldid 1154871169, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
