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Buckland House

January 01, 1970

Buckland House is a large Georgian stately home, the manor house of Buckland in Oxfordshire, England (formerly in Berkshire). It is a masterpiece of Palladian architecture erected by John Wood, the Younger for Sir Robert Throckmorton in 1757 to replace a previous manor house.

Buckland House with backdrop of the North Wessex Downs
The old Buckland House known as 'Buckland Manor House'

Buckland House has nine bays, the three central ones being narrow on each of its three storeys. Two wings of lower height adjoining connected by narrow galleries. The building overlooks a landscaped park,[1] which includes gardens, a cricket ground and a 150-acre (61 ha) deer park.[1][2] Buckland House is a Grade II* listed building.[1][3] Nikolaus Pevsner described it as "the most splendid Georgian house in the Country",[4] It is rumoured that a ghost of a white lady haunts the house.[5]

The previous manor house, Buckland Manor House, also a Grade II* listed building, was converted into stables in 1797 and is in the park.[6]

Owners edit

In the mid-1750s Sir Robert Throckmorton, 4th Baronet had Buckland House built to replace his previous manor house. Following his death in 1791, Sir John Courtenay Throckmorton inherited the estate.[7] Between 1870 and 1872, it was said the house had relics of Mary, Queen of Scots and Charles I, some other curiosities and some fine pictures.[8]

Sir Maurice and Lady Fitzgerald took over the property from the Throckmortons and lived there until his death in 1919 and hers in 1947. Visitors to the house during the Fitzgeralds' tenure included Winston Churchill and Queen Mary, who had objets d'art stored in the basement during World War II. Buckland House then passed to Major Richard Wellesley, grandson of Lady Fitzgerald.[1]

In 1962 Major Richard Wellesley advertised Buckland House in The Times for "£8 a week".

In 1963, it became an independent university college (University Hall, Buckland) offering London External degrees.[9]

In 2004, motorcar driver Patrick McNally bought Buckland House and began a major restoration to its former glory.[10]

Architectural history edit

Original house edit

The Throckmortons owned the Buckland estate since 1690, living in the manor house but it was Sir Robert Throckmorton, the fourth baronet of Coughton,[7] who commissioned John Wood (the Elder) of Bath to design the new Buckland House[11] as a shooting lodge and weekend retreat.[12][13] John Wood, the Younger substantially revised the plan and added the distinctive octagonal pavilions to the sides of the house. The final house is illustrated in the 1767 volume of Vitruvius Britannicus.[11]

The house includes features such as marble fireplaces, exquisite mouldings, cornicing and painted ceilings. It is symmetrical and long passages lead to the two octagonal pavilions, used today as a library and dining room. 15 bedrooms were built into the house in total to hold both family and staff. It is rumoured that one of the bedrooms was designed as a copy of Marie Antoinette's bedroom from Versaille. The saloon has Corinthian pilasters, bold cornices and well carved festoons[1]

1908 additions edit

The new owner engaged the architect W. H. Romaine-Walker[14] to enlarge the property, addings wings on the north front to house a Billiard Room and a Royal Suite, rumoured to have been built to make the property large enough for King Edward VII to visit. Additional rooms were added upstairs in the property too, taking the total number of bedrooms to 19. Finally, a rear terrace was also added.[1]

Major alterations and repairs edit

 
Buckland House during roof repairs

With the last planning permission on the property approved in 1993, the owners of Buckland House started applying for planning permission to improve the property:[15]

  • August 2002 for restoration of parterres, formal pools, a long pool, a ha-ha wall, replacement planting, reinstatement of a drive and widening the existing drive.[16] Also extensions to the lower ground to create additional garage facilities, a swimming pool and a squash court.:[17] (Approved)
  • September 2002 for a helicopter landing pad with an underground bunker and tunnel link to the house.[18] (Approved)
  • March 2003 to make alterations.[19] (Withdrawn)
  • March 2003 to change the use of the property from residential to a hotel along with alterations and extensions.[20] (Refused)
  • April 2003 to change the use of the property from residential to a corporate headquarters.[21] (Refused)
  • April 2003 to change the use of the property from residential to a nursing/mental home.[22] (Refused)
  • June 2003 to make alterations, extensions and convert the property to be a nursing home.[23][24] (Approved)
  • June 2003 to make alterations, extensions and convert the property to be a corporate headquarters.[25] (Withdrawn)
  • January 2004 to change the use of the property from a residential property to an hotel.[26] and make alterations and extensions.[27] (Approved)
  • February 2005 to remove existing CCTV cameras and replace with smaller ones.:[28] (Approved)
  • March 2005 to make alterations, extensions and refurbishment.[29] (Approved)
  • April 2006 for alterations and refurbishment and an extension to underground parking.:[15] (Approved)
  • December 2006 for retrospective permission for the erection of railings and gates.[30] (Approved)
  • April 2007 for removal of existing railings and the erection of new railings and a timber fence.[31] (Approved)
  • April 2008 for a new stone wall, car park provisions, demolition of entrance gates, new main and secondary gates, hard landscaping plus new security and livestock.[32] (Approved)
  • 2004-2009 Complete internal restoration from complete full central heating to all rooms, complete rewire with state-of-the-art security and full restoration or replacement of all finer details, cornices, silk walls, gold leafed staircases, fireplaces etc.

Gardens edit

The entire landscape garden was designed by Richard Woods,[13] a contemporary of Capability Brown. The lakes were designed to look like a part of the River Thames and were joined with a small waterfall.[12]

During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century there was further landscaping and planting, supervised by Sir John Courtenay Throckmorton.[13]

In 1908 Romaine-Walker created the formal terrace on the north front as part of the broad redevelopment commissioned at that time. Lady Fitzgerald supervised the construction of a water garden with rock paths on the north side of the lake.[7]

The garden is occasionally open to the public under the NGS Gardens Open For Charity scheme with the entrance fee donated to the Richard Wellesley Memorial Transport fund.[33]

Icehouse edit

An icehouse, also designed by Richard Woods, was sited halfway between the two lakes on a north facing slope behind the house. The portico matches that of Buckland House. The icehouse is a cup and dome design, built partially underground and with a thatched roof, all to increase insulation. It was the subject of a local history article published on the BBC website. Estate workers would break ice from the pond with picks and saws, relay it to the shore and then quickly take it to the icehouse. Once there, it was packed hard to make maximum use of the interior. Throughout the year, manageable lumps of ice would be taken to the house, placed in ice-drawers in the kitchen larder and then used for food preservation and making iced confections. This method enabled ice to be available through the summer months.[12]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f Ford, David Nash (2001). "Buckland Park". Royal Berkshire History. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
  2. ^ Page, William; Ditchfield, PH, eds. (1924). The Victoria History of the County of Berkshire Volume 4. St Catherine Press.
  3. ^ . Archived from the original on June 12, 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
  4. ^ Pevsner, Nicholas (1966). Berkshire. The Buildings of England. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071030-2.
  5. ^ Ford, David Nash (2001). "Ghosts from Berkshire Places beginning with B". Royal Berkshire History. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
  6. ^ Historic England. "MANOR HOUSE (1284800)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
  7. ^ a b c . Archived from the original on 2010-12-31. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
  8. ^ "A Vision of Britain Through Time: Descriptive Gazetteer/Imperial Gazetteer Of England And Wales (1870-1872)". Retrieved 20 September 2008.[permanent dead link]
  9. ^ D. P. M. Michael, Guide to the Sixth Form, The Commonwealth and International Library of Science Technology Engineering and Liberal Studies, 1969
  10. ^ "Georgian property: Buckland House lives again".
  11. ^ a b "The Dovecote: History". Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  12. ^ a b c "BBC: Legacies/Architectural Heritage/England/Oxford/Life Before The Freezer". Retrieved 2008-09-20.
  13. ^ a b c . Archived from the original on 2010-12-31. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
  14. ^ . Archived from the original on 2010-12-31. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
  15. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  16. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  17. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  18. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  19. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  20. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  21. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  22. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  23. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  24. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  25. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  26. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  27. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  28. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  29. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  30. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  31. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  32. ^ "Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 08/01322". Retrieved 2014-03-11.
  33. ^ "NGS GardenFinder: Buckland Lakes". Retrieved 2008-09-20.[dead link]

51°40′54″N 1°30′32″W / 51.6816°N 1.5089°W / 51.6816; -1.5089

January 01, 1970
buckland, house, large, georgian, stately, home, manor, house, buckland, oxfordshire, england, formerly, berkshire, masterpiece, palladian, architecture, erected, john, wood, younger, robert, throckmorton, 1757, replace, previous, manor, house, with, backdrop,. Buckland House is a large Georgian stately home the manor house of Buckland in Oxfordshire England formerly in Berkshire It is a masterpiece of Palladian architecture erected by John Wood the Younger for Sir Robert Throckmorton in 1757 to replace a previous manor house Buckland House with backdrop of the North Wessex Downs The old Buckland House known as Buckland Manor House Buckland House has nine bays the three central ones being narrow on each of its three storeys Two wings of lower height adjoining connected by narrow galleries The building overlooks a landscaped park 1 which includes gardens a cricket ground and a 150 acre 61 ha deer park 1 2 Buckland House is a Grade II listed building 1 3 Nikolaus Pevsner described it as the most splendid Georgian house in the Country 4 It is rumoured that a ghost of a white lady haunts the house 5 The previous manor house Buckland Manor House also a Grade II listed building was converted into stables in 1797 and is in the park 6 Contents 1 Owners 2 Architectural history 2 1 Original house 2 2 1908 additions 2 3 Major alterations and repairs 3 Gardens 4 Icehouse 5 ReferencesOwners editIn the mid 1750s Sir Robert Throckmorton 4th Baronet had Buckland House built to replace his previous manor house Following his death in 1791 Sir John Courtenay Throckmorton inherited the estate 7 Between 1870 and 1872 it was said the house had relics of Mary Queen of Scots and Charles I some other curiosities and some fine pictures 8 Sir Maurice and Lady Fitzgerald took over the property from the Throckmortons and lived there until his death in 1919 and hers in 1947 Visitors to the house during the Fitzgeralds tenure included Winston Churchill and Queen Mary who had objets d art stored in the basement during World War II Buckland House then passed to Major Richard Wellesley grandson of Lady Fitzgerald 1 In 1962 Major Richard Wellesley advertised Buckland House in The Times for 8 a week In 1963 it became an independent university college University Hall Buckland offering London External degrees 9 In 2004 motorcar driver Patrick McNally bought Buckland House and began a major restoration to its former glory 10 Architectural history editOriginal house edit The Throckmortons owned the Buckland estate since 1690 living in the manor house but it was Sir Robert Throckmorton the fourth baronet of Coughton 7 who commissioned John Wood the Elder of Bath to design the new Buckland House 11 as a shooting lodge and weekend retreat 12 13 John Wood the Younger substantially revised the plan and added the distinctive octagonal pavilions to the sides of the house The final house is illustrated in the 1767 volume of Vitruvius Britannicus 11 The house includes features such as marble fireplaces exquisite mouldings cornicing and painted ceilings It is symmetrical and long passages lead to the two octagonal pavilions used today as a library and dining room 15 bedrooms were built into the house in total to hold both family and staff It is rumoured that one of the bedrooms was designed as a copy of Marie Antoinette s bedroom from Versaille The saloon has Corinthian pilasters bold cornices and well carved festoons 1 1908 additions edit The new owner engaged the architect W H Romaine Walker 14 to enlarge the property addings wings on the north front to house a Billiard Room and a Royal Suite rumoured to have been built to make the property large enough for King Edward VII to visit Additional rooms were added upstairs in the property too taking the total number of bedrooms to 19 Finally a rear terrace was also added 1 Major alterations and repairs edit nbsp Buckland House during roof repairs With the last planning permission on the property approved in 1993 the owners of Buckland House started applying for planning permission to improve the property 15 August 2002 for restoration of parterres formal pools a long pool a ha ha wall replacement planting reinstatement of a drive and widening the existing drive 16 Also extensions to the lower ground to create additional garage facilities a swimming pool and a squash court 17 Approved September 2002 for a helicopter landing pad with an underground bunker and tunnel link to the house 18 Approved March 2003 to make alterations 19 Withdrawn March 2003 to change the use of the property from residential to a hotel along with alterations and extensions 20 Refused April 2003 to change the use of the property from residential to a corporate headquarters 21 Refused April 2003 to change the use of the property from residential to a nursing mental home 22 Refused June 2003 to make alterations extensions and convert the property to be a nursing home 23 24 Approved June 2003 to make alterations extensions and convert the property to be a corporate headquarters 25 Withdrawn January 2004 to change the use of the property from a residential property to an hotel 26 and make alterations and extensions 27 Approved February 2005 to remove existing CCTV cameras and replace with smaller ones 28 Approved March 2005 to make alterations extensions and refurbishment 29 Approved April 2006 for alterations and refurbishment and an extension to underground parking 15 Approved December 2006 for retrospective permission for the erection of railings and gates 30 Approved April 2007 for removal of existing railings and the erection of new railings and a timber fence 31 Approved April 2008 for a new stone wall car park provisions demolition of entrance gates new main and secondary gates hard landscaping plus new security and livestock 32 Approved 2004 2009 Complete internal restoration from complete full central heating to all rooms complete rewire with state of the art security and full restoration or replacement of all finer details cornices silk walls gold leafed staircases fireplaces etc Gardens editThe entire landscape garden was designed by Richard Woods 13 a contemporary of Capability Brown The lakes were designed to look like a part of the River Thames and were joined with a small waterfall 12 During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century there was further landscaping and planting supervised by Sir John Courtenay Throckmorton 13 In 1908 Romaine Walker created the formal terrace on the north front as part of the broad redevelopment commissioned at that time Lady Fitzgerald supervised the construction of a water garden with rock paths on the north side of the lake 7 The garden is occasionally open to the public under the NGS Gardens Open For Charity scheme with the entrance fee donated to the Richard Wellesley Memorial Transport fund 33 Icehouse editAn icehouse also designed by Richard Woods was sited halfway between the two lakes on a north facing slope behind the house The portico matches that of Buckland House The icehouse is a cup and dome design built partially underground and with a thatched roof all to increase insulation It was the subject of a local history article published on the BBC website Estate workers would break ice from the pond with picks and saws relay it to the shore and then quickly take it to the icehouse Once there it was packed hard to make maximum use of the interior Throughout the year manageable lumps of ice would be taken to the house placed in ice drawers in the kitchen larder and then used for food preservation and making iced confections This method enabled ice to be available through the summer months 12 References edit a b c d e f Ford David Nash 2001 Buckland Park Royal Berkshire History Retrieved 2008 09 19 Page William Ditchfield PH eds 1924 The Victoria History of the County of Berkshire Volume 4 St Catherine Press UK Database of Historic Parks amp Gardens Buckland House Archived from the original on June 12 2007 Retrieved 2008 09 20 Pevsner Nicholas 1966 Berkshire The Buildings of England London Penguin Books ISBN 0 14 071030 2 Ford David Nash 2001 Ghosts from Berkshire Places beginning with B Royal Berkshire History Retrieved 2008 09 19 Historic England MANOR HOUSE 1284800 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 26 December 2015 a b c Parks amp Gardens UK Buckland House Oxfordshire History Archived from the original on 2010 12 31 Retrieved 2008 09 20 A Vision of Britain Through Time Descriptive Gazetteer Imperial Gazetteer Of England And Wales 1870 1872 Retrieved 20 September 2008 permanent dead link D P M Michael Guide to the Sixth Form The Commonwealth and International Library of Science Technology Engineering and Liberal Studies 1969 Georgian property Buckland House lives again a b The Dovecote History Retrieved 2008 09 18 a b c BBC Legacies Architectural Heritage England Oxford Life Before The Freezer Retrieved 2008 09 20 a b c Parks amp Gardens UK Buckland House Oxfordshire Summary Archived from the original on 2010 12 31 Retrieved 2008 09 20 Parks amp Gardens UK Buckland House Oxfordshire Description Archived from the original on 2010 12 31 Retrieved 2008 09 20 a b Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 06 00539 Archived from the original on 2011 08 24 Retrieved 2008 09 18 Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 02 01405 Archived from the original on 2011 08 24 Retrieved 2008 09 18 Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 02 01231 Archived from the original on 2011 08 24 Retrieved 2008 09 18 Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 02 01494 Archived from the original on 2011 08 24 Retrieved 2008 09 18 Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 03 00528 Archived from the original on 2011 08 24 Retrieved 2008 09 18 Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 03 00527 Archived from the original on 2011 08 24 Retrieved 2008 09 18 Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 03 00552 Archived from the original on 2011 08 24 Retrieved 2008 09 18 Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 03 00551 Archived from the original on 2011 08 24 Retrieved 2008 09 18 Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 03 01040 Archived from the original on 2011 08 24 Retrieved 2008 09 18 Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 03 01041 Archived from the original on 2011 08 24 Retrieved 2008 09 18 Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 03 01039 Archived from the original on 2011 08 24 Retrieved 2008 09 18 Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 04 00053 Archived from the original on 2011 08 24 Retrieved 2008 09 18 Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 04 00054 Archived from the original on 2011 08 24 Retrieved 2008 09 18 Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 05 00155 Archived from the original on 2011 08 24 Retrieved 2008 09 18 Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 05 00439 Archived from the original on 2011 08 24 Retrieved 2008 09 18 Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 06 01903 Archived from the original on 2011 08 24 Retrieved 2008 09 18 Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 07 00524 Archived from the original on 2011 08 24 Retrieved 2008 09 18 Vale Of White Horse District Council Application Details 08 01322 Retrieved 2014 03 11 NGS GardenFinder Buckland Lakes Retrieved 2008 09 20 dead link 51 40 54 N 1 30 32 W 51 6816 N 1 5089 W 51 6816 1 5089 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Buckland House amp oldid 1201712576, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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