The lowland anoa(Bubalus depressicornis) is a species of buffalo endemic to Sulawesi. Its closest relative is the mountain anoa, and it is still a debate as to whether the two are the same species or not.[3] It is also related to the water buffalo, and both are classified in the genus Bubalus.
Lowland anoa
Lowland anoa (B. depressicornis) at the Surabaya Zoo, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Skulls of anoa cannot be accurately identified as to species, and there is likely hybridizing and interbreeding between the mountain anoa and lowland anoa in the zoo population. It is questioned as to whether the two species were actually different due to them occurring together in many different areas, as well as some interbreeding. A study of the mtDNA of ten specimens from different localities found a high mitochondrial genetic diversity between individuals identified as one or the other species, indicating support for recognition as two species.[4]
The extinct Bubalus grovesi of southern Sulawesi appears to be a close relative of both anoa species.[5]
Descriptionedit
The lowland anoa is a small bovid, only slightly larger than the mountain anoa. It stands barely over 90 cm (35 in) at the shoulder and weighs between 150–300 kg (330–660 lb). It is usually solitary, living in lowland forests, browsing on plants and understory. According to Groves (1969), the lowland anoa can be told apart from the other species by being larger, having a triangular horn cross-section, having sparse as opposed to thick and woolly hair, and always having white markings on the face and legs.[3]
Both anoa species are found on the island of Sulawesi and the nearby island of Buton in Indonesia and live in undisturbed rainforest areas.[3] only live singly or in pairs, rather than in herds like most cattle, except when the cows are about to give birth. Little is known about their life history as well. However, in captive individuals, they have a life expectancy of 20–30 years. Anoa take two to three years before they reach sexual maturity have one calf a year and have very rarely been seen to have more.
Both species of anoa have been classified as endangered since the 1960s and the populations continue to decrease. Fewer than 5,000 animals of each species likely remain. Reasons for their decline include hunting for hides, horns, and meat by the local peoples and loss of habitat due to the advancement of settlement. Currently, hunting is the more serious factor in most areas.
The leading cause of their population decline is hunting by local villagers for meat, with habitat loss also being significant. One benefit of the lack of knowledge about the legal status of what they are doing is that villagers are open to communication with researchers on their harvests and hunting practices; where awareness of conservation issues has penetrated, villagers will lie about their activities.[3]
Logging is a large issue because both species prefer core forested habitats that are far away from humans and the influences that come with them. By logging, humans create much more fragmented habitats and, therefore, a decrease in the area where the anoa can breed and live. This habitat fragmentation also alters the natural mixing of populations of the anoa. This may lead to a loss in genetic diversity between the two species and, over time, could also lead to their decline.
Referencesedit
^Burton, J.; Wheeler, P.; Mustari, A. (2016). "Bubalus depressicornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3126A46364222. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3126A46364222.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
^ abcdBurton, James; Hedges, Simon; Mustari, Abdul Haris (January 2005). "The taxonomic status, distribution and conservation of the lowland anoa Bubalus depressicornis and mountain anoa Bubalus quarlesi". Mammal Review. 35 (1): 25–50. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2005.00048.x. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
^Priyono, Dwi; Solihin, Dedy; Farajallah, Achmad; Arini, Diah (2018-11-01). "Anoa, dwarf buffalo from Sulawesi, Indonesia: Identification based on DNA barcode". Biodiversitas. 19 (6): 1985–1992. doi:10.13057/biodiv/d190602.
^van der Geer, Alexandra; Lyras, George; de Vos, John (April 27, 2021). Evolution of Island Mammals: Adaptation and Extinction of Placental Mammals on Islands. Wiley. p. 307. ISBN9781119675747.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bubalus depressicornis.
Wikispecies has information related to Bubalus depressicornis.
January 01, 1970
lowland, anoa, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, august, 2021. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Lowland anoa news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2021 Learn how and when to remove this message The lowland anoa Bubalus depressicornis is a species of buffalo endemic to Sulawesi Its closest relative is the mountain anoa and it is still a debate as to whether the two are the same species or not 3 It is also related to the water buffalo and both are classified in the genus Bubalus Lowland anoa Lowland anoa B depressicornis at the Surabaya Zoo Surabaya East Java Indonesia Conservation status Endangered IUCN 3 1 1 CITES Appendix I CITES 2 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Artiodactyla Family Bovidae Subfamily Bovinae Genus Bubalus Subgenus Anoa Species B depressicornis Binomial name Bubalus depressicornisSmith 1827 Synonyms Anoa depressicornis Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Conservation 4 References 5 External linksTaxonomy editSkulls of anoa cannot be accurately identified as to species and there is likely hybridizing and interbreeding between the mountain anoa and lowland anoa in the zoo population It is questioned as to whether the two species were actually different due to them occurring together in many different areas as well as some interbreeding A study of the mtDNA of ten specimens from different localities found a high mitochondrial genetic diversity between individuals identified as one or the other species indicating support for recognition as two species 4 The extinct Bubalus grovesi of southern Sulawesi appears to be a close relative of both anoa species 5 Description editThe lowland anoa is a small bovid only slightly larger than the mountain anoa It stands barely over 90 cm 35 in at the shoulder and weighs between 150 300 kg 330 660 lb It is usually solitary living in lowland forests browsing on plants and understory According to Groves 1969 the lowland anoa can be told apart from the other species by being larger having a triangular horn cross section having sparse as opposed to thick and woolly hair and always having white markings on the face and legs 3 Both anoa species are found on the island of Sulawesi and the nearby island of Buton in Indonesia and live in undisturbed rainforest areas 3 only live singly or in pairs rather than in herds like most cattle except when the cows are about to give birth Little is known about their life history as well However in captive individuals they have a life expectancy of 20 30 years Anoa take two to three years before they reach sexual maturity have one calf a year and have very rarely been seen to have more nbsp A lowland anoa in London Zoo EnglandConservation editBoth species of anoa have been classified as endangered since the 1960s and the populations continue to decrease Fewer than 5 000 animals of each species likely remain Reasons for their decline include hunting for hides horns and meat by the local peoples and loss of habitat due to the advancement of settlement Currently hunting is the more serious factor in most areas The leading cause of their population decline is hunting by local villagers for meat with habitat loss also being significant One benefit of the lack of knowledge about the legal status of what they are doing is that villagers are open to communication with researchers on their harvests and hunting practices where awareness of conservation issues has penetrated villagers will lie about their activities 3 Logging is a large issue because both species prefer core forested habitats that are far away from humans and the influences that come with them By logging humans create much more fragmented habitats and therefore a decrease in the area where the anoa can breed and live This habitat fragmentation also alters the natural mixing of populations of the anoa This may lead to a loss in genetic diversity between the two species and over time could also lead to their decline References edit Burton J Wheeler P Mustari A 2016 Bubalus depressicornis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T3126A46364222 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 2 RLTS T3126A46364222 en Retrieved 11 November 2021 Appendices CITES cites org Retrieved 2022 01 14 a b c d Burton James Hedges Simon Mustari Abdul Haris January 2005 The taxonomic status distribution and conservation of the lowland anoa Bubalus depressicornis and mountain anoa Bubalus quarlesi Mammal Review 35 1 25 50 doi 10 1111 j 1365 2907 2005 00048 x Retrieved 2021 02 27 Priyono Dwi Solihin Dedy Farajallah Achmad Arini Diah 2018 11 01 Anoa dwarf buffalo from Sulawesi Indonesia Identification based on DNA barcode Biodiversitas 19 6 1985 1992 doi 10 13057 biodiv d190602 van der Geer Alexandra Lyras George de Vos John April 27 2021 Evolution of Island Mammals Adaptation and Extinction of Placental Mammals on Islands Wiley p 307 ISBN 9781119675747 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bubalus depressicornis nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Bubalus depressicornis Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lowland anoa amp oldid 1211199268, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
