fbpx
Wikipedia

Brunsvigia

March 20, 2023

Brunsvigia is a genus of African flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae.[3] It contains about 20 species native to southeastern and southern Africa from Tanzania to the Cape Provinces of South Africa.

Brunsvigia
Brunsvigia josephinae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Genus: Brunsvigia
Heist.[1]
Synonyms[2]

Brunsuigia Heist., alternate spelling

Description

Brunsvigia are perennial, deciduous, temperate, bulbous herbal plants. Most species have subterranean bulbs but they are usually half-exposed in B. herrei and B. josephinae. Bulbs are tender, usually large (up to 20 cm diameter), winter-growing and summer-dormant, generally flowering in early autumn. Tunics are often thick and cartilaginous, typically brittle and tan-coloured, although they are brown and papery in B. josephinae and B. litoralis.

The leaves are annual; when mature, the leaves are broad and oblong to tongue-shaped. In species with small bulbs – B. radula, B. comptonii, and B. namaquana – there are just two or three leaves per plant but most other species have at least four leaves per bulb. B. josephinae has the distinction of producing as many as 20 leaves. The leaves mostly lie flat on the ground and sometimes press down so firmly that they lie vertically if the bulb is dug up. Only in B. litoralis, B. josephinae, B. grandiflora, B. undulata and B. herrei do the leaves stand clear of the ground. Although usually smooth, the upper leaf surfaces of two Namaqualand species (B. radula and B. namaquana) are covered with straw-coloured bristles and in some populations of B. striata from the southern Cape, they bear soft, scale-like hairs. In the winter rainfall region of southern Africa, the foliage is produced after the flowering heads have been shed, whereas in the summer rainfall region the vegetative and flowering stages often overlap. The scape is firm, to 35 cm, deciduous and breaking at ground level in fruiting time.

The inflorescences, a few- to many-flowered umbels, are particularly conspicuous. In most species the pedicels are long, stiff, straight and radiate outwards to form an almost perfectly spherical head; they elongate and spread after blooming. However, B. litoralis, B. josephinae and B. orientalis differ in having pedicels that curve below each flower. Just three species (B. pulchra, B. marginata and B. elandsmontana) have compact, brush-like inflorescences. The flowers are zygomorphic or almost actinomorphic with short tube, segments spreading-recurved. The six tepals of each flower are free to the base or shortly fused into a tube. Radially symmetrical, trumpet-shaped flowers occur in species with compact, dense inflorescences, whereas bilaterally symmetrical flowers occur in species with open, lax heads. In B. comptonii, B. radula and B. namaquana the flowers are highly asymmetrical as all but one tepal curve upwards. Often the flowers are scented and all produce nectar. Their colour vary from ruby-red to brilliant scarlet or pale to bright pink and in some species the entire inflorescence is attractively coloured. Pink flowers are the norm, whereas red flowers are found in B. marginata, B. orientalis, B. litoralis and B. josephinae. Floral markings are often variable within species but dark veins on the tepals are characteristic for B. bosmaniae and B. gregaria. When in flower, the plants are spectacular but the flowering period is brief and restricted to summer and autumn.

Stamens clustered, arising from the perianth tube, ± declinate or erect, shortly connate at base. Stigma capitate, trilobate (three-lobed). Each locule has 3-10 superimposed ovules whose shape resembles a spinning top. Style filiform, declinate. The water-rich, non-dormant, ovoid, reddish green seeds are borne in large, dry capsules that are spindle-shaped or three-angled, obtuse or acute, transversally veined, and often heavily ribbed. Capsules are dehiscent loculicidally or breaking unevenly. Dehiscence in most species of Brunsvigia is somewhat tardy and confined to the apex of the capsule, hampered below by heavy ribs that keep the septa closed for most of their length.[4] The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.[5][6][7]

Brunsvigia is the only genus of Amaryllideae in which several species have stout, somewhat tubular, brilliant scarlet, pink, or red flowers that are adapted to bird pollination.[6]

The genus Brunsvigia was named after the House of Braunschweig [Brunswick]-Lüneburg,[5] specifically honouring the Duke of Brunswick who promoted the study of plants, including the beautiful Cape species B. orientalis. The name was first used in 1753 by Lorenz Heister, a German surgeon and botanist, to describe a single bulb received in 1748 by Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff from Ryk Tulbagh at the Cape.[8]

Species:[9][10]

Image Scientific name Distribution
  Brunsvigia bosmaniae F.M.Leight. northwest and southwest Cape province
Brunsvigia comptonii W.F.Barker western Karoo
Brunsvigia elandsmontana Snijman Western Cape
Brunsvigia gariepensis Snijman Cape province
  Brunsvigia grandiflora Lindl. Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, and the Free State.
Brunsvigia gregaria R.A.Dyer Cape province
Brunsvigia herrei Leight. ex W.F.Barker Namibia southward into Namaqualand.
  Brunsvigia josephinae (Delile) Ker Gawl. western Cape to the western Karoo
Brunsvigia kirkii Baker Tanzania to Malawi.
Brunsvigia litoralis R.A.Dyer southeastern Cape
Brunsvigia marginata (Jacq.) W.T.Aiton western Cape.
Brunsvigia namaquana D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies Namaqualand.
  Brunsvigia natalensis Baker South Africa
Brunsvigia nervosa (Poir.) ined. Cape province
  Brunsvigia orientalis (L.) Aiton ex Eckl. Western Cape.
Brunsvigia pulchra (W.F.Barker) D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies Namaqualand
Brunsvigia radula (Jacq.) W.T.Aiton Namaqualand
  Brunsvigia radulosa Herb. Eastern Cape and the Orange Free State.
Brunsvigia undulata F.M.Leight. Eastern Cape.

References

  1. ^ Heister, Lorenz 1755. Geschreibung eines neuen Geschlechts 3.
  2. ^ Tropicos, Brunsvigia Heist.
  3. ^ Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae
  4. ^ Snijman, Deirdre A. (2012), "A revision of the Brunsvigia radula-group (Amaryllidaceae: Amaryllideae) of species in South Africa, including the description of Brunsvigia gariepensis a new species from Bushmanland in Northern Cape", South African Journal of Botany, 79: 106–116, doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2011.12.005
  5. ^ a b Van Jaarsveld, Ernst (2020), "Brunsvigia AMARYLLIDACEAE", in Eggli, U.; Nyffeler, R. (eds.), Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Monocotyledons, Springer-Verlag GmbH, pp. 433–434, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-56486-8_37, ISBN 978-3-662-56484-4
  6. ^ a b Meerow, Alan W.; Snijman, Deirdre A. (1998), "Amaryllidaceae", in Kubitzki, Klaus (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol. III, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH, pp. 83–110, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-03533-7, ISBN 978-3-642-08377-8, S2CID 30159571
  7. ^ Deirdre "Dee" Snijman, Plants of South Africa, South Africa National Biodiversity Institute, April 2005
  8. ^ "Flowers of Southern Africa" - Auriol Batten (Southern, 1988)
  9. ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  10. ^ Sanbi Red List of South African Plants, Species search: Brunsvigia

Bibliography

  • R.A. Dyer, 1950: A review of the genus Brunsvigia. Plant Life 6: 63-83
  • R.A. Dyer, 1951: A review of the genus Brunsvigia. Plant Life 7: 44-64
  • C.A. Smith, 1966: Common names of South African plants. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 35. TheGovernment Printer, Pretoria
  • R.S. Adamson, T.A. Salter (eds.), 1950: Flora of the Cape Peninsula. Juta, Cape Town and Johannesburg
  • J. Manning, P. Goldblatt, 2000: Wild flowers of the fairest Cape. Red Roof Design in association with the Nationalotanical Institute, Cape Town
  • E.G. Rice, R.H. Compton, 1950: Wild flowers of the Cape of Good Hope. The Botanical Society of SA, Cape Town
  • A. Pauw, S. Johnson, 1999: Table Mountain: a natural history. Fernwood Press
  • G.D. Duncan, 2000: Grow bulbs. Kirstenbosch Gardening Series, National Botanical Institute, Cape Town
  • G.D. Duncan, 2002: Grow nerines. Kirstenbosch Gardening Series, National Botanical Institute, Cape Town

External links

  •   Media related to Brunsvigia at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Data related to Brunsvigia at Wikispecies

March 20, 2023
brunsvigia, genus, african, flowering, plants, family, amaryllidaceae, subfamily, amaryllidoideae, contains, about, species, native, southeastern, southern, africa, from, tanzania, cape, provinces, south, africa, josephinaescientific, classificationkingdom, pl. Brunsvigia is a genus of African flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae subfamily Amaryllidoideae 3 It contains about 20 species native to southeastern and southern Africa from Tanzania to the Cape Provinces of South Africa BrunsvigiaBrunsvigia josephinaeScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade MonocotsOrder AsparagalesFamily AmaryllidaceaeSubfamily AmaryllidoideaeGenus BrunsvigiaHeist 1 Synonyms 2 Brunsuigia Heist alternate spelling Contents 1 Description 2 References 3 Bibliography 4 External linksDescription EditBrunsvigia are perennial deciduous temperate bulbous herbal plants Most species have subterranean bulbs but they are usually half exposed in B herrei and B josephinae Bulbs are tender usually large up to 20 cm diameter winter growing and summer dormant generally flowering in early autumn Tunics are often thick and cartilaginous typically brittle and tan coloured although they are brown and papery in B josephinae and B litoralis The leaves are annual when mature the leaves are broad and oblong to tongue shaped In species with small bulbs B radula B comptonii and B namaquana there are just two or three leaves per plant but most other species have at least four leaves per bulb B josephinae has the distinction of producing as many as 20 leaves The leaves mostly lie flat on the ground and sometimes press down so firmly that they lie vertically if the bulb is dug up Only in B litoralis B josephinae B grandiflora B undulata and B herrei do the leaves stand clear of the ground Although usually smooth the upper leaf surfaces of two Namaqualand species B radula and B namaquana are covered with straw coloured bristles and in some populations of B striata from the southern Cape they bear soft scale like hairs In the winter rainfall region of southern Africa the foliage is produced after the flowering heads have been shed whereas in the summer rainfall region the vegetative and flowering stages often overlap The scape is firm to 35 cm deciduous and breaking at ground level in fruiting time The inflorescences a few to many flowered umbels are particularly conspicuous In most species the pedicels are long stiff straight and radiate outwards to form an almost perfectly spherical head they elongate and spread after blooming However B litoralis B josephinae and B orientalis differ in having pedicels that curve below each flower Just three species B pulchra B marginata and B elandsmontana have compact brush like inflorescences The flowers are zygomorphic or almost actinomorphic with short tube segments spreading recurved The six tepals of each flower are free to the base or shortly fused into a tube Radially symmetrical trumpet shaped flowers occur in species with compact dense inflorescences whereas bilaterally symmetrical flowers occur in species with open lax heads In B comptonii B radula and B namaquana the flowers are highly asymmetrical as all but one tepal curve upwards Often the flowers are scented and all produce nectar Their colour vary from ruby red to brilliant scarlet or pale to bright pink and in some species the entire inflorescence is attractively coloured Pink flowers are the norm whereas red flowers are found in B marginata B orientalis B litoralis and B josephinae Floral markings are often variable within species but dark veins on the tepals are characteristic for B bosmaniae and B gregaria When in flower the plants are spectacular but the flowering period is brief and restricted to summer and autumn Stamens clustered arising from the perianth tube declinate or erect shortly connate at base Stigma capitate trilobate three lobed Each locule has 3 10 superimposed ovules whose shape resembles a spinning top Style filiform declinate The water rich non dormant ovoid reddish green seeds are borne in large dry capsules that are spindle shaped or three angled obtuse or acute transversally veined and often heavily ribbed Capsules are dehiscent loculicidally or breaking unevenly Dehiscence in most species of Brunsvigia is somewhat tardy and confined to the apex of the capsule hampered below by heavy ribs that keep the septa closed for most of their length 4 The number of chromosomes is 2n 22 5 6 7 Brunsvigiais the only genus of Amaryllideae in which several species have stout somewhat tubular brilliant scarlet pink or red flowers that are adapted to bird pollination 6 The genus Brunsvigia was named after the House of Braunschweig Brunswick Luneburg 5 specifically honouring the Duke of Brunswick who promoted the study of plants including the beautiful Cape species B orientalis The name was first used in 1753 by Lorenz Heister a German surgeon and botanist to describe a single bulb received in 1748 by Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff from Ryk Tulbagh at the Cape 8 Species 9 10 Image Scientific name Distribution Brunsvigia bosmaniae F M Leight northwest and southwest Cape provinceBrunsvigia comptonii W F Barker western KarooBrunsvigia elandsmontana Snijman Western CapeBrunsvigia gariepensis Snijman Cape province Brunsvigia grandiflora Lindl Eastern Cape KwaZulu Natal and the Free State Brunsvigia gregaria R A Dyer Cape provinceBrunsvigia herrei Leight ex W F Barker Namibia southward into Namaqualand Brunsvigia josephinae Delile Ker Gawl western Cape to the western KarooBrunsvigia kirkii Baker Tanzania to Malawi Brunsvigia litoralis R A Dyer southeastern CapeBrunsvigia marginata Jacq W T Aiton western Cape Brunsvigia namaquana D Mull Doblies amp U Mull Doblies Namaqualand Brunsvigia natalensis Baker South AfricaBrunsvigia nervosa Poir ined Cape province Brunsvigia orientalis L Aiton ex Eckl Western Cape Brunsvigia pulchra W F Barker D Mull Doblies amp U Mull Doblies NamaqualandBrunsvigia radula Jacq W T Aiton Namaqualand Brunsvigia radulosa Herb Eastern Cape and the Orange Free State Brunsvigia undulata F M Leight Eastern Cape References Edit Heister Lorenz 1755 Geschreibung eines neuen Geschlechts 3 Tropicos Brunsvigia Heist Stevens P F Angiosperm Phylogeny Website Asparagales Amaryllidoideae Snijman Deirdre A 2012 A revision of the Brunsvigia radula group Amaryllidaceae Amaryllideae of species in South Africa including the description of Brunsvigia gariepensis a new species from Bushmanland in Northern Cape South African Journal of Botany 79 106 116 doi 10 1016 j sajb 2011 12 005 a b Van Jaarsveld Ernst 2020 Brunsvigia AMARYLLIDACEAE in Eggli U Nyffeler R eds Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants Monocotyledons Springer Verlag GmbH pp 433 434 doi 10 1007 978 3 662 56486 8 37 ISBN 978 3 662 56484 4 a b Meerow Alan W Snijman Deirdre A 1998 Amaryllidaceae in Kubitzki Klaus ed The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants vol III Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH pp 83 110 doi 10 1007 978 3 662 03533 7 ISBN 978 3 642 08377 8 S2CID 30159571 Deirdre Dee Snijman Plants of South Africa South Africa National Biodiversity Institute April 2005 Flowers of Southern Africa Auriol Batten Southern 1988 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Sanbi Red List of South African Plants Species search BrunsvigiaBibliography EditR A Dyer 1950 A review of the genus Brunsvigia Plant Life 6 63 83 R A Dyer 1951 A review of the genus Brunsvigia Plant Life 7 44 64 C A Smith 1966 Common names of South African plants Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No 35 TheGovernment Printer Pretoria R S Adamson T A Salter eds 1950 Flora of the Cape Peninsula Juta Cape Town and Johannesburg J Manning P Goldblatt 2000 Wild flowers of the fairest Cape Red Roof Design in association with the Nationalotanical Institute Cape Town E G Rice R H Compton 1950 Wild flowers of the Cape of Good Hope The Botanical Society of SA Cape Town A Pauw S Johnson 1999 Table Mountain a natural history Fernwood Press G D Duncan 2000 Grow bulbs Kirstenbosch Gardening Series National Botanical Institute Cape Town G D Duncan 2002 Grow nerines Kirstenbosch Gardening Series National Botanical Institute Cape TownExternal links Edit Media related to Brunsvigia at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Brunsvigia at Wikispecies Bulb Society gallery Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Brunsvigia amp oldid 1123358298, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.