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Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen

October 20, 2023

The Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen (BLET) is a labor union founded in Marshall, Michigan, on 8 May 1863 as the Brotherhood of the Footboard. It was the first permanent trade organization for railroad workers in the US. A year later it was renamed the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (B of LE). The B of LE took its present name in 2004 when it became a division of the Rail Conference of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT).

BLET
Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen
Founded8 May 1863 (1863-05-08)
Location
Members
52,311 (2013)[1]
AffiliationsInternational Brotherhood of Teamsters
Websitewww.ble-t.org

In the 19th century, the brotherhood generally took a conciliatory approach in dealing with railroad management, preferring to negotiate reasonable demands than to go on strike. The brotherhood was seen as elitist by other railway unions, and sometimes came into conflict during strikes. However, it was respected by its members. By 1925 it had accumulated large investments to support member benefits and pensions. That year it was found that some of these investments were troubled. The executives launched into risky projects in an attempt to recoup their losses, which failed, forcing a change in leadership. The new grand chief engineer, Alvanley Johnston, steered the union until 1950. In 1946 negotiations with the government of Harry S. Truman broke down and the union went on strike for two days, causing nationwide havoc, before coming to an agreement on hours and wages. In 2004 the brotherhood merged with the Teamsters.

History Edit

Foundation Edit

 
Cover of the 1867 debut issue of the Monthly Journal, official organ of the B of LE.

An early attempt to form a union for locomotive engineers was made on 6–9 November 1855 at a meeting in Baltimore at which it was agreed to form a "National Protective Association of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers of the United States". Benjamin Hoxie was elected president, and William D. Robinson secretary. The organization held a number of meetings up to the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, but did not make much progress.[2] In April 1863 nineteen locomotive engineers met at Robinson's house and decided to form the brotherhood. At a meeting on 8 May 1863 in Detroit the name "Brotherhood of the Footboard" was chosen and Robinson was elected as the first grand chief engineer.[3] It was a mutual aid society which created a variety of accident, death and burial insurance programs for its members.[4]

According to Teamsters General President James P. Hoffa, the BLE was America's earliest labor union.[5] It was the first of the "Big Four" of railroad worker brotherhoods. The others were the Order of Railway Conductors (1868), the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen (1873) and the Brotherhood of Railroad Brakemen (1883). In the era after the founding of the Big Four, some sixteen other "brotherhoods" of railroad trades organized.[6] Membership qualifications across trades shifted, and the alliances among the brotherhoods (and their chapters) are not always clear.[7]

Expansion (1864–1903) Edit

Following a disastrous strike in July 1864 by employees of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, in which half of the strikers lost their jobs, the Brotherhood of the Footboard held a convention in Indianapolis on 17 August 1864 in which they changed their name to the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and replaced Grand Chief Engineer Robinson with Charles Wilson. The first, radical, phase of the union was over.[8] In 1873 the Pennsylvania Railroad ordered a reduction of pay, and the engineers went on strike. Charles Wilson publicly criticized their action. The brotherhood called a special meeting in Cleveland on 25 February 1874 at which Wilson was forced to resign and was replaced by P.M. Arthur.[9]

When Arthur took over, the country was entering a financial depression after the Civil War boom. Wages were unstable, working conditions were poor, and strikes were frequent. Arthur was able to prevent wages from falling further through effective negotiation, and the union became more powerful, and was held in good esteem by the union members and the railroad managers.[10] After 1877, the BLE was considered less militant than some other brotherhoods, as well as the Knights of Labor and the American Railway Union.[6][7] Arthur died unexpectedly on 17 July 1903, and the Grand Assistant Chief A.B. Youngson became head of the union. Youngson was on his deathbed, and died on 31 July 1903.[11]

Stone and Prenter (1903–1925) Edit

 
Time magazine cover from 10 March 1924 featuring Warren Stanford Stone

Before dying, Youngson recommended Warren Stanford Stone as his successor, a man who would have great influence in labor politics.[12] Stone headed the union until 1924. Stone believed that if a worker "wants to join a union, all right, but it is contrary to the principles of free government and the Constitution of the United States ... to make him join."[13] Stone and other members of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers became owners of the Coal River Collieries, and Stone became chairman of the board of directors of the mine. A dispute arose with John L. Lewis, president of the United Mine Workers of America. Lewis claimed that Stone was closing mines and throwing miners out of work rather than pay the union scale. Stone refuted this, saying the unions had not renewed their agreement, but the mines were being worked on a cooperative plan. He said "We feel sure there are no better satisfied men employed anywhere than in the Coal River Collieries."[14]

Stone supported the radical Glenn E. Plumb plan for tripartite control of the railway industry by labor, capital and the public, and supported similar plans for other industries.[15] In 1924 Stone was made president, with the grand chief engineer and two vice-presidents reporting to him. Stone died on 12 June 1925 of Bright's disease.[16] At the time of Stone's death the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers had majority interests in enterprises with assets of approximately $150,000,000.[16]

Stone was succeeded by William B. Prenter. Around this time it was found that the union's finances were in much poorer shape than had been thought, and the executives decided to undertake risky projects in an attempt to recoup the losses before the problem became public, including developing a resort in Florida.[17] Through mismanagement, these projects ran into difficulty. The problems became visible to the delegates at the June 1927 convention, and Prenter was replaced by Alvanley Johnston[18]

Membership (US records)[19]
Finances (US records; ×$1000)[19]
     Assets      Liabilities      Receipts      Disbursements

Johnston (1925–1950) Edit

Johnston scrapped the president and vice-president titles and headed the union as grand chief engineer.[20] In 1934 Johnston was convicted of mishandling the funds of the failed Standard Trust Bank of Cleveland. The bank was partly owned by the BLE and he was the chairman.[21] Johnston's conviction was overturned on appeal on the grounds that he was not aware of what was being done.[20] In 1943, during World War II (1939-1945), the government seized the railroads. Johnston and Alexander F. Whitney, head of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, were made labor consultants. Johnston also represented the railroad union of the Combined War Labor Board.[20]

Towards the end of 1945 Johnston and the leaders of the other main railroad unions demanded pay increases and a 40-hour work week from the railroads, in line with other industries. Negotiations stalled in January 1946. Three of the unions were willing to suspend their demands, but Johnston and Whitney called a strike of the engineers and trainmen to start on 16 March 1946. The strike was delayed when President Truman set up a board to hear the grievances and make recommendations.[20] After lengthy negotiations, union members voted to go on strike on 23 May 1946.[20] The strike stranded travelers, prevented movement of perishable goods and caused concern that many people in war-devastated Europe would starve if grain shipments were delayed.[22] Truman broadcast an appeal to the strikers to return to work, and threatened to call out the army to end the strike.[20] On 25 May the strikers accepted his terms.[23] Johnston retired from the BLE in 1950.[20]

Recent years Edit

The Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers was North America's oldest rail labor union when it merged with the Teamsters in 2004.[24] The union sold its downtown Cleveland, Ohio, headquarters (the Standard Building) in July 2014. The union purchased new headquarters in the Cleveland suburb of Independence, Ohio, in March 2015. The union said it would move its headquarters to Independence when its lease at its old property ended in summer 2016.[25]

Locomotive Engineers Mutual Life and Accident Insurance Association Edit

 
1871 life insurance policy

The BLE had an insurance association, called the Locomotive Engineers Mutual Life and Accident Insurance Association. Founded in 1867, membership in the association was open to members of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, their wives, widows, children and grandchildren, as well as "persons, their wives and eligible children who are represented under contracts for group insurance coverage between the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and the railroad industry." Local units of the group were called branches and was governed by a quadrennial national convention. The association was headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio and had a membership of 30,000 in 1968 and 20,000 in 1979.[26]

Presidents Edit

1863: W. D. Robinson[27]
1864: Charles Wilson[27]
1874: P. M. Arthur[27]
1903: A. B. Youngson[27]
1903: Warren S. Stone[27]
1924: William B. Prenter[27]
1925: Alvanley Johnston[27]
1950: J. P. Shields[27]
1953: Guy L. Brown[27]
1960: Roy E. Davidson[27]
1964: Perry S. Heath[27]
1969: C. J. Coughlin[27]

Edward Hall serves as the national president of the BLET.

Notable members Edit

See also Edit

References Edit

Citations

  1. ^ US Department of Labor, Office of Labor-Management Standards. File number 000-101. Report submitted 28 March 2014.
  2. ^ History of the Brotherhood... 2007.
  3. ^ History: BLET.
  4. ^ Pennsylvania General Assembly 1878, p. 509,902.
  5. ^ Hoffa & Hall 2013.
  6. ^ a b Taillon 2006, p. 1165.
  7. ^ a b Stromquist 2008, p. 65-67.
  8. ^ Commons, Sumner & Saposs 1918, p. 63.
  9. ^ Commons, Sumner & Saposs 1918, p. 67.
  10. ^ Orth, Lomer & Jefferys 1919, p. 142.
  11. ^ Chief Youngson Dead: NYT 1903.
  12. ^ Orth, Lomer & Jefferys 1919, p. 143.
  13. ^ Robertson & Lewis 1993, pp. 73–90.
  14. ^ Lewis & Stone 1925.
  15. ^ Gompers or Stone...? 1920, p. 3.
  16. ^ a b Warren Stanford Stone: Telegraph.
  17. ^ Turner 2000, p. 19.
  18. ^ Turner 2000, p. 117-118.
  19. ^ a b US Department of Labor, Office of Labor-Management Standards. File number 000-101. (Search)
  20. ^ a b c d e f g Ellaby 2006.
  21. ^ Faces of the Month 1934.
  22. ^ McCullough 2003, p. 597.
  23. ^ McCullough 2003, p. 604.
  24. ^ Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen: BLET.
  25. ^ "Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen to move HQ to Independence". Crain's Cleveland Business. March 20, 2015.
  26. ^ Schmidt, Alvin J. Fraternal Organizations Westport, CT; Greenwood Press pp.205-6
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Notable Names in American History. Clifton, New Jersey: James T. White & Company. 1973. p. 557. ISBN 0883710021.
  28. ^ . Archived from the original on November 5, 2013.

Sources

  • . Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen. Archived from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2012-08-01.
  • "Chief Youngson Dead" (PDF). The New York Times. 31 July 1903.
  • Commons, John Rogers; Sumner, Helen Laura; Saposs, David Joseph; et al. (1918-12-01). History of Labour in the United States. Beard Books. ISBN 978-1-893122-75-8. Retrieved 2013-07-31.
  • Ellaby, Donna G. (2006). "Johnston, Alvanley". In Uebelhor, Tracy S. (ed.). The Truman Years, Presidential Profiles. New York: Facts On File, Inc. Retrieved 2013-08-01.
  • "Faces of the Month". Fortune: 200. 1934. Retrieved 2013-08-01.
  • "Gompers or Stone to Control Labor Federation?" (PDF). The New York Times. 25 January 1920. Retrieved 2013-07-29.
  • "History". Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen. Retrieved 2013-07-31.
  • "History of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers & Trainmen". Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen News. Teamsters. June–July 2007. Retrieved 2013-07-31.
  • Hoffa, James P.; Hall, Ken (8 May 2013). "Teamsters Honor 150 Year Anniversary Of The Brotherhood Of Locomotive Engineers And Trainmen". International Brotherhood of Teamsters. Retrieved 2013-07-31.
  • Lewis, John L.; Stone, Warren S. (18 March 1925). "An Inter-Union Labor Struggle". The Nation. Retrieved 2013-07-29.
  • McCullough, David (2003-08-20). Truman. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-6029-9. Retrieved 2013-08-01.
  • Orth, Samuel Peter; Lomer, Gerhard Richard; Jefferys, Charles William (1919). The Armies of Labor: A Chronicle of the Organized Wage-earners. Yale University Press. p. 143. Retrieved 2013-07-31.
  • Pennsylvania General Assembly (1878). Report of the Committee Appointed to Investigate the Railroad Riots in July, 1877. L.S. Hart. pp. 509, 902. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  • Robertson, Thomas J.; Lewis, Ronald L. (1993). "Conflict at Coal River Collieries: The UMWA vs. the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers". West Virginia History. West Virginia Archives and History. 52. Retrieved 2013-07-29.
  • Stromquist, Shelton (2008). "'Our Rights as Workingmen'". In David O. Stowell (ed.). The Great Strikes of 1877. pp. 65–67. ISBN 978-0-252-03241-7. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  • Taillon, Paul Michel (2006). "Railroad Brotherhoods". In Eric Arnesen (ed.). Encyclopedia of U.S. Labor and Working-class History. ISBN 0-415-96826-7. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  • "Teamsters Rail Conference Applauds California Vote for High Speed Rail". International Brotherhood of Teamsters. 6 July 2012. Retrieved 2013-07-31.
  • Turner, Gregg M. (2000). Venice in the 1920s. Arcadia Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-7385-0567-1. Retrieved 2013-08-01.
  • "Warren Stanford Stone". Bluefield Daily Telegraph. 13 June 1925. Retrieved 2013-07-29.

Further reading Edit

  • Eric Arnesen, "'Like Banquo's Ghost, It Will Not Down': The Race Question and the American Railroad Brotherhoods, 1880-1920," American Historical Review, vol. 99, no. 5 (Dec. 1994), pp. 1601–1633. In JSTOR
  • George R. Horton and H. Ellsworth Steele, "The Unity Issue among Railroad Engineers and Firemen," Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol. 10, no. 1 (Oct. 1956), pp. 48–69. In JSTOR.
  • Jon R. Huibregtse, American Railroad Labor and the Genesis of the New Deal, 1919-1935. University Press of Florida, 2010.
  • Walter Licht, Working for the Railroad: The Organization of Work in the Nineteenth Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983.
  • Paul Michel Taillon, "'What We Want Is Good, Sober Men:' Masculinity, Respectability, and Temperance in the Railroad Brotherhoods, c. 1870-1910," Journal of Social History, vol. 36, no. 2 (Winter 2002), pp. 319–338. In JSTOR.

External links Edit

  • Official website
  • Teamster Rail Conference
  • Website Creation for BLET Divisions
  • Guide to Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers. Records. 5147. Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives, Martin P. Catherwood Library, Cornell University.

October 20, 2023
brotherhood, locomotive, engineers, trainmen, blet, labor, union, founded, marshall, michigan, 1863, brotherhood, footboard, first, permanent, trade, organization, railroad, workers, year, later, renamed, brotherhood, locomotive, engineers, took, present, name. The Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen BLET is a labor union founded in Marshall Michigan on 8 May 1863 as the Brotherhood of the Footboard It was the first permanent trade organization for railroad workers in the US A year later it was renamed the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers B of LE The B of LE took its present name in 2004 when it became a division of the Rail Conference of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters IBT BLETBrotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and TrainmenFounded8 May 1863 1863 05 08 LocationUnited States CanadaMembers52 311 2013 1 AffiliationsInternational Brotherhood of TeamstersWebsitewww wbr ble t wbr orgIn the 19th century the brotherhood generally took a conciliatory approach in dealing with railroad management preferring to negotiate reasonable demands than to go on strike The brotherhood was seen as elitist by other railway unions and sometimes came into conflict during strikes However it was respected by its members By 1925 it had accumulated large investments to support member benefits and pensions That year it was found that some of these investments were troubled The executives launched into risky projects in an attempt to recoup their losses which failed forcing a change in leadership The new grand chief engineer Alvanley Johnston steered the union until 1950 In 1946 negotiations with the government of Harry S Truman broke down and the union went on strike for two days causing nationwide havoc before coming to an agreement on hours and wages In 2004 the brotherhood merged with the Teamsters Contents 1 History 1 1 Foundation 1 2 Expansion 1864 1903 1 3 Stone and Prenter 1903 1925 1 4 Johnston 1925 1950 1 5 Recent years 2 Locomotive Engineers Mutual Life and Accident Insurance Association 3 Presidents 4 Notable members 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory EditFoundation Edit nbsp Cover of the 1867 debut issue of the Monthly Journal official organ of the B of LE An early attempt to form a union for locomotive engineers was made on 6 9 November 1855 at a meeting in Baltimore at which it was agreed to form a National Protective Association of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers of the United States Benjamin Hoxie was elected president and William D Robinson secretary The organization held a number of meetings up to the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 but did not make much progress 2 In April 1863 nineteen locomotive engineers met at Robinson s house and decided to form the brotherhood At a meeting on 8 May 1863 in Detroit the name Brotherhood of the Footboard was chosen and Robinson was elected as the first grand chief engineer 3 It was a mutual aid society which created a variety of accident death and burial insurance programs for its members 4 According to Teamsters General President James P Hoffa the BLE was America s earliest labor union 5 It was the first of the Big Four of railroad worker brotherhoods The others were the Order of Railway Conductors 1868 the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen 1873 and the Brotherhood of Railroad Brakemen 1883 In the era after the founding of the Big Four some sixteen other brotherhoods of railroad trades organized 6 Membership qualifications across trades shifted and the alliances among the brotherhoods and their chapters are not always clear 7 Expansion 1864 1903 Edit Following a disastrous strike in July 1864 by employees of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad in which half of the strikers lost their jobs the Brotherhood of the Footboard held a convention in Indianapolis on 17 August 1864 in which they changed their name to the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and replaced Grand Chief Engineer Robinson with Charles Wilson The first radical phase of the union was over 8 In 1873 the Pennsylvania Railroad ordered a reduction of pay and the engineers went on strike Charles Wilson publicly criticized their action The brotherhood called a special meeting in Cleveland on 25 February 1874 at which Wilson was forced to resign and was replaced by P M Arthur 9 When Arthur took over the country was entering a financial depression after the Civil War boom Wages were unstable working conditions were poor and strikes were frequent Arthur was able to prevent wages from falling further through effective negotiation and the union became more powerful and was held in good esteem by the union members and the railroad managers 10 After 1877 the BLE was considered less militant than some other brotherhoods as well as the Knights of Labor and the American Railway Union 6 7 Arthur died unexpectedly on 17 July 1903 and the Grand Assistant Chief A B Youngson became head of the union Youngson was on his deathbed and died on 31 July 1903 11 Stone and Prenter 1903 1925 Edit nbsp Time magazine cover from 10 March 1924 featuring Warren Stanford StoneBefore dying Youngson recommended Warren Stanford Stone as his successor a man who would have great influence in labor politics 12 Stone headed the union until 1924 Stone believed that if a worker wants to join a union all right but it is contrary to the principles of free government and the Constitution of the United States to make him join 13 Stone and other members of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers became owners of the Coal River Collieries and Stone became chairman of the board of directors of the mine A dispute arose with John L Lewis president of the United Mine Workers of America Lewis claimed that Stone was closing mines and throwing miners out of work rather than pay the union scale Stone refuted this saying the unions had not renewed their agreement but the mines were being worked on a cooperative plan He said We feel sure there are no better satisfied men employed anywhere than in the Coal River Collieries 14 Stone supported the radical Glenn E Plumb plan for tripartite control of the railway industry by labor capital and the public and supported similar plans for other industries 15 In 1924 Stone was made president with the grand chief engineer and two vice presidents reporting to him Stone died on 12 June 1925 of Bright s disease 16 At the time of Stone s death the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers had majority interests in enterprises with assets of approximately 150 000 000 16 Stone was succeeded by William B Prenter Around this time it was found that the union s finances were in much poorer shape than had been thought and the executives decided to undertake risky projects in an attempt to recoup the losses before the problem became public including developing a resort in Florida 17 Through mismanagement these projects ran into difficulty The problems became visible to the delegates at the June 1927 convention and Prenter was replaced by Alvanley Johnston 18 Membership US records 19 Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues Finances US records 1000 19 Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues Assets Liabilities Receipts Disbursements Johnston 1925 1950 Edit Johnston scrapped the president and vice president titles and headed the union as grand chief engineer 20 In 1934 Johnston was convicted of mishandling the funds of the failed Standard Trust Bank of Cleveland The bank was partly owned by the BLE and he was the chairman 21 Johnston s conviction was overturned on appeal on the grounds that he was not aware of what was being done 20 In 1943 during World War II 1939 1945 the government seized the railroads Johnston and Alexander F Whitney head of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen were made labor consultants Johnston also represented the railroad union of the Combined War Labor Board 20 Towards the end of 1945 Johnston and the leaders of the other main railroad unions demanded pay increases and a 40 hour work week from the railroads in line with other industries Negotiations stalled in January 1946 Three of the unions were willing to suspend their demands but Johnston and Whitney called a strike of the engineers and trainmen to start on 16 March 1946 The strike was delayed when President Truman set up a board to hear the grievances and make recommendations 20 After lengthy negotiations union members voted to go on strike on 23 May 1946 20 The strike stranded travelers prevented movement of perishable goods and caused concern that many people in war devastated Europe would starve if grain shipments were delayed 22 Truman broadcast an appeal to the strikers to return to work and threatened to call out the army to end the strike 20 On 25 May the strikers accepted his terms 23 Johnston retired from the BLE in 1950 20 Recent years Edit The Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers was North America s oldest rail labor union when it merged with the Teamsters in 2004 24 The union sold its downtown Cleveland Ohio headquarters the Standard Building in July 2014 The union purchased new headquarters in the Cleveland suburb of Independence Ohio in March 2015 The union said it would move its headquarters to Independence when its lease at its old property ended in summer 2016 25 Locomotive Engineers Mutual Life and Accident Insurance Association Edit nbsp 1871 life insurance policyThe BLE had an insurance association called the Locomotive Engineers Mutual Life and Accident Insurance Association Founded in 1867 membership in the association was open to members of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers their wives widows children and grandchildren as well as persons their wives and eligible children who are represented under contracts for group insurance coverage between the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and the railroad industry Local units of the group were called branches and was governed by a quadrennial national convention The association was headquartered in Cleveland Ohio and had a membership of 30 000 in 1968 and 20 000 in 1979 26 Presidents Edit1863 W D Robinson 27 1864 Charles Wilson 27 1874 P M Arthur 27 1903 A B Youngson 27 1903 Warren S Stone 27 1924 William B Prenter 27 1925 Alvanley Johnston 27 1950 J P Shields 27 1953 Guy L Brown 27 1960 Roy E Davidson 27 1964 Perry S Heath 27 1969 C J Coughlin 27 Edward Hall serves as the national president of the BLET Notable members EditPatrick Fennell known for his railway inspired poetry Casey Jones folk hero and alleged scab that wrecked his train in 1900 28 See also Edit nbsp Organized labour portalBrotherhood of Locomotive Engineers Hall in Forsyth Montana listed on the National Register of Historic Places List of American railway unions United Transportation Union Great Railroad Strike of 1877 American Railway Union Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen Samuel Cochrane Union Pacific Railroad Co v Brotherhood of Locomotive EngineersReferences EditCitations US Department of Labor Office of Labor Management Standards File number 000 101 Report submitted 28 March 2014 History of the Brotherhood 2007 History BLET Pennsylvania General Assembly 1878 p 509 902 Hoffa amp Hall 2013 a b Taillon 2006 p 1165 a b Stromquist 2008 p 65 67 Commons Sumner amp Saposs 1918 p 63 Commons Sumner amp Saposs 1918 p 67 Orth Lomer amp Jefferys 1919 p 142 Chief Youngson Dead NYT 1903 Orth Lomer amp Jefferys 1919 p 143 Robertson amp Lewis 1993 pp 73 90 Lewis amp Stone 1925 Gompers or Stone 1920 p 3 a b Warren Stanford Stone Telegraph Turner 2000 p 19 Turner 2000 p 117 118 a b US Department of Labor Office of Labor Management Standards File number 000 101 Search a b c d e f g Ellaby 2006 Faces of the Month 1934 McCullough 2003 p 597 McCullough 2003 p 604 Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen BLET Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen to move HQ to Independence Crain s Cleveland Business March 20 2015 Schmidt Alvin J Fraternal Organizations Westport CT Greenwood Press pp 205 6 a b c d e f g h i j k l Notable Names in American History Clifton New Jersey James T White amp Company 1973 p 557 ISBN 0883710021 Water Valley Casey Jones Railroad Museum in Water Valley Mississippi Archived from the original on November 5 2013 Sources Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen Archived from the original on 2012 07 17 Retrieved 2012 08 01 Chief Youngson Dead PDF The New York Times 31 July 1903 Commons John Rogers Sumner Helen Laura Saposs David Joseph et al 1918 12 01 History of Labour in the United States Beard Books ISBN 978 1 893122 75 8 Retrieved 2013 07 31 Ellaby Donna G 2006 Johnston Alvanley In Uebelhor Tracy S ed The Truman Years Presidential Profiles New York Facts On File Inc Retrieved 2013 08 01 Faces of the Month Fortune 200 1934 Retrieved 2013 08 01 Gompers or Stone to Control Labor Federation PDF The New York Times 25 January 1920 Retrieved 2013 07 29 History Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen Retrieved 2013 07 31 History of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers amp Trainmen Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen News Teamsters June July 2007 Retrieved 2013 07 31 Hoffa James P Hall Ken 8 May 2013 Teamsters Honor 150 Year Anniversary Of The Brotherhood Of Locomotive Engineers And Trainmen International Brotherhood of Teamsters Retrieved 2013 07 31 Lewis John L Stone Warren S 18 March 1925 An Inter Union Labor Struggle The Nation Retrieved 2013 07 29 McCullough David 2003 08 20 Truman Simon amp Schuster ISBN 978 0 7432 6029 9 Retrieved 2013 08 01 Orth Samuel Peter Lomer Gerhard Richard Jefferys Charles William 1919 The Armies of Labor A Chronicle of the Organized Wage earners Yale University Press p 143 Retrieved 2013 07 31 Pennsylvania General Assembly 1878 Report of the Committee Appointed to Investigate the Railroad Riots in July 1877 L S Hart pp 509 902 Retrieved 2008 02 25 Robertson Thomas J Lewis Ronald L 1993 Conflict at Coal River Collieries The UMWA vs the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers West Virginia History West Virginia Archives and History 52 Retrieved 2013 07 29 Stromquist Shelton 2008 Our Rights as Workingmen In David O Stowell ed The Great Strikes of 1877 pp 65 67 ISBN 978 0 252 03241 7 Retrieved 2008 02 25 Taillon Paul Michel 2006 Railroad Brotherhoods In Eric Arnesen ed Encyclopedia of U S Labor and Working class History ISBN 0 415 96826 7 Retrieved 2008 02 25 Teamsters Rail Conference Applauds California Vote for High Speed Rail International Brotherhood of Teamsters 6 July 2012 Retrieved 2013 07 31 Turner Gregg M 2000 Venice in the 1920s Arcadia Publishing p 21 ISBN 978 0 7385 0567 1 Retrieved 2013 08 01 Warren Stanford Stone Bluefield Daily Telegraph 13 June 1925 Retrieved 2013 07 29 Further reading EditEric Arnesen Like Banquo s Ghost It Will Not Down The Race Question and the American Railroad Brotherhoods 1880 1920 American Historical Review vol 99 no 5 Dec 1994 pp 1601 1633 In JSTOR George R Horton and H Ellsworth Steele The Unity Issue among Railroad Engineers and Firemen Industrial and Labor Relations Review vol 10 no 1 Oct 1956 pp 48 69 In JSTOR Jon R Huibregtse American Railroad Labor and the Genesis of the New Deal 1919 1935 University Press of Florida 2010 Walter Licht Working for the Railroad The Organization of Work in the Nineteenth Century Princeton NJ Princeton University Press 1983 Paul Michel Taillon What We Want Is Good Sober Men Masculinity Respectability and Temperance in the Railroad Brotherhoods c 1870 1910 Journal of Social History vol 36 no 2 Winter 2002 pp 319 338 In JSTOR External links EditOfficial website Teamster Rail Conference BLET Websites Website Creation for BLET Divisions History of Railroad Fraternities in Marin County California Guide to Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers Records 5147 Kheel Center for Labor Management Documentation and Archives Martin P Catherwood Library Cornell University Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen amp oldid 1166958637, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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