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Breckland line

March 04, 2023

The Breckland line is a secondary railway line in the east of England that links Cambridge in the west to Norwich in the east. The line runs through three counties: Cambridgeshire, Suffolk and Norfolk. It takes its name from the Breckland region of Norfolk, and passes through Thetford Forest.

Breckland line
Shippea Hill in the typically flat Fens
Overview
StatusOperational
OwnerNetwork Rail
LocaleEast of England
Termini
Stations12
Service
TypeHeavy rail
SystemNational Rail
Operator(s)Greater Anglia
CrossCountry
East Midlands Railway
Great Northern
Rolling stockClass 156
Class 158
Class 755
History
Opened1845
Technical
Track length51 miles 8 chains (82.2 km)
Number of tracks2
CharacterSecondary[1]
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Loading gaugeW10
Electrification25 kV AC (between Cambridge and Ely and around Norwich)
Operating speed75–90 mph
Route map

(Click to expand)
Preserved British Railways Standard 7MT 70013 Oliver Cromwell near Hethersett in 2010 hauling a special train bound for the North Norfolk Railway.

The line is 51 miles 8 chains (82.2 km) in length from where it branches off the Fen line north of Ely to where it joins the Great Eastern Main Line south of Norwich. There are 12 stations on the line including the termini.

The line is part of the Network Rail Strategic Route 5, SRS 05.09 and part of SRS 05.05. It is classified as a secondary line, except between Cambridge and Ely, which is classified as a London and South East commuter line.[1] Passenger services on the Breckland line are operated by Greater Anglia (which manages all of the stations), CrossCountry, East Midlands Railway, and Great Northern.

History

Following the successful opening of the Yarmouth and Norwich Railway, the Norwich & Brandon Railway was incorporated in 1844 to build a line between those two places. The Eastern Counties Railway was at the same time building a route from Newport in Essex through Cambridge via Ely to Brandon. This route would be the first route between Norwich and London.

A month before opening the Yarmouth and Norwich Railway and the Norwich & Brandon Railway merged to become the Norfolk Railway.[2]

The two lines opened on the same day, 30 July 1845, although the line only opened to a temporary station at Wensum, pending the completion of the Trowse swing bridge which was achieved in December 1845. Through services from Shoreditch (later known as Bishopsgate) to Norwich Thorpe station started on 15 December 1845.[3][4]

Although it was expected that locomotive changes would take place between the two companies at Brandon where an engine house had been built, the Norfolk Railway in fact operated trains to Ely. The ECR and its rival the Eastern Union Railway (EUR) were both sizing up the NR to acquire and expand their railway empire. The ECR trumped the EUR by taking over the NR, and became responsible for operating the services from 8 May 1848.[5]

By the 1860s the railways in East Anglia were in financial trouble, and most were leased to the Eastern Counties Railway, which wished to amalgamate formally but could not obtain government agreement for this until an Act of Parliament on 7 August 1862, when the Great Eastern Railway (GER) was formed by the amalgamation.[6]

The system settled down for the next six decades, apart from the disruption of the First World War. The difficult economic circumstances after the war led the Government to pass the Railways Act 1921 which led to the creation of the Big Four railway companies. The GER amalgamated with other railways to create the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) on 1 January 1923.

In 1948 the line came under the British Railways Eastern Region.

Accidents and incidents

Accidents at Norwich Thorpe and Trowse, and those at Ely, Waterbeach, Cambridge North and Cambridge are not covered in this section.
  • On 9 January 1847, two ballastmen were killed when the wagon they were travelling on broke up near Lakenheath.[7]
  • On 5 January 1854, two trains were in collision near Thetford.[8]
  • On 1 July 1865, a passenger train was derailed as it passed under the viaduct carrying the Great Eastern Main Line at Lakenham, Norfolk. Three people sustained minor injuries.[9]
  • On 12 October 1870, a mail train collided with a freight train at Brandon.[10]
  • On 9 January 1875, a mail train ran into the rear of a freight train at Thetford. At least five people were injured.[11]
  • On 1 June 1875, a cattle train derailed at Harling Road.[12]
  • On 13 January 1879, a freight train ran into the rear of a passenger train at Wymondham. Several passengers were injured.[13]
  • On 19 January 1880, a freight train ran into the rear of another at Brandon.[14]
  • On 6 July 1881, a light engine was in collision with a passenger train at Wymondham North Junction. Thirteen people were injured.[15]
  • On 7 April 1906, a passenger train was derailed at Shippea Hill due to excessive speed. Eight passengers were injured, two seriously.[16]
  • On 4 June 1926, a motor bus crashed through the parapet of an overbridge at Thetford and landed on top of a stationary train.[17]
  • On 27 October 1926, a freight train was in collision with a lorry at Roudham Heath, Norfolk due to errors by the crossing keeper. The lorry driver was killed.[18]
  • On 3 December 1976, a passenger train collided with a lorry on an unmanned level crossing at Shippea Hill. The train driver was killed and eight of his passengers were injured.[19]
  • On 12 September 2006, Class 170 diesel multiple unit 170 206 was derailed as it crossed the level crossing at Croxton, Norfolk. A panel that formed part of the level crossing had become dislodged and fouled both railway and road.[20]
 
The private level crossing on the Roudham Hall estate which was the scene of an accident on 10 April 2016.
  • On 10 April 2016, Class 170 unit 170 204 collided with an agricultural tractor on a private level crossing at Roudham, Norfolk. The tractor driver was seriously injured, the train driver and six passengers sustained minor injuries.[21][22] A preliminary investigation revealed that the tractor driver had obtained permission to cross the line.[23]

Infrastructure

The line is double-track throughout but is only electrified between Cambridge and Ely, and also between Norwich and Trowse Junction, at 25 kV AC. It has a loading gauge of W8, except for the section connecting the Ipswich–Ely line to the Ely–Peterborough line, which is W10. The line speed ranges between 40 and 90 mph (64–145 km/h).[1]

Until 2012 the line retained its historic characteristics, with well preserved stations, semaphore signalling and, until spring 2009, lineside telegraph poles, along with sections of jointed rail on wooden sleepers. However, the two-stage Ely–Norwich re-signalling programme in August and December 2012 involved the closure of the nine local mechanical signal boxes and removal of the seven sets of manually-operated wooden gates at level crossings. The Cambridge signal box now controls the modern electronic interlockings which operate the lightweight LED signals, while the level crossings have been fully automated with barriers and warning lights.

Route

 
The Wymondham train station sign

The places served by the route are listed below, with Ordnance Survey grid references for the stations:

Trains pass through Waterbeach station between Ely and Cambridge North without stopping.

Prickwillow station, between Ely and Shippea Hill stations, closed in 1850.

Services

Some of the stations on the Breckland line see just one stopping train in each direction per day, mostly in the Norwich direction in the morning and in the Cambridge direction in the afternoon or evening. Three stations on the line are request stops only: Spooner Row, Lakenheath, and Shippea Hill. Harling Road and Eccles Road have 'peak hour' only services – two in each direction each day, Monday to Saturday (two in the morning to Norwich, two westbound in the evening, one of which is operated by East Midlands Railway on weekdays only).

Passenger services are operated by several companies:

References

  1. ^ a b c (PDF). Network Rail. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
  2. ^ Allen, Cecil J. (1975). Great Eastern Railway (3rd ed.). Shepparton, UK: Ian Allan Limited. p. 24. ISBN 0-7110-0659-8.
  3. ^ . Wymondham Station. Archived from the original on 11 May 2006. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
  4. ^ Allen, Cecil J. (1975). Great Eastern Railway (3rd ed.). Shepparton, UK: Ian Allan Limited. p. 234. ISBN 0-7110-0659-8.
  5. ^ Allen, Cecil J. (1975). Great Eastern Railway (3rd ed.). Shepparton, UK: Ian Allan Limited. p. 30. ISBN 0-7110-0659-8.
  6. ^ Vaughan, Adrian (1997). Railwaymen, Politics and Money. London: John Murray. pp. 134, 135. ISBN 0 7195 5150 1.
  7. ^ "Fatal Accidents on the Eastern Counties Railway". The Morning Chronicle. No. 24093. 12 January 1847. p. 3.
  8. ^ Capt. Douglas Galton / Board of Trade (2 March 1854). "Eastern Counties Railway" (PDF). Railways Archive. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  9. ^ Colonel W Yolland / Board of Trade (31 July 1865). "Great Eastern Railway" (PDF). Railways Archive. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  10. ^ "News of the Day". Birmingham Daily Post. No. 3819. 14 October 1870. p. 4.
  11. ^ "Railway Accidents". The Glasgow Herald. No. 10933. p. 5.
  12. ^ "Railway Accidents". The Bradford Observer. No. 3877. 2 June 1875. p. 3.
  13. ^ "Wymondham". The Ipswich Journal. No. 7702. 18 January 1879. p. 5.
  14. ^ "General News". Jackson's Oxford Journal. No. 6619. 24 January 1880. p. 7.
  15. ^ "Accident on the Great Eastern Railway". Liverpool Mercury. No. 10449. 7 July 1881. p. 5.
  16. ^ Lt. Col. P G von Donop / Board of Trade (7 May 1906). "Great Eastern Railway" (PDF). Railways Archive. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  17. ^ "Fall of an Omnibus onto a Railway". The Times. No. 44291. London. 7 June 1926. col C, p. 16.
  18. ^ Lt. Col A H Mount / Board of Trade (7 January 1927). "London and North Eastern Railway" (PDF). Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  19. ^ "Report on the Accident that occurred on 3rd December 1976 at Chivers Occupation Level Crossing (No. 1) between Lakenheath and Shippea Hill in the Eastern Region British Railways". The Railways Archive. 4 February 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  20. ^ "Derailment of a train at Croxton Level Crossing 2 September 2006" (PDF). Rail Accidents Investigation Board. May 2008. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  21. ^ Bishop, Donna-Louise (10 April 2016). "Tractor driver suffers serious injuries following collision between train and tractor at Roudham, near Thetford". Eastern Daily Press. Archant Media Ltd.[permanent dead link]
  22. ^ "Train carrying 135 passengers crashes at level crossing". ITV News Anglia. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  23. ^ "Collision near Thetford". Rail Accidents Investigation Branch. Retrieved 22 April 2016.

March 04, 2023
breckland, line, secondary, railway, line, east, england, that, links, cambridge, west, norwich, east, line, runs, through, three, counties, cambridgeshire, suffolk, norfolk, takes, name, from, breckland, region, norfolk, passes, through, thetford, forest, shi. The Breckland line is a secondary railway line in the east of England that links Cambridge in the west to Norwich in the east The line runs through three counties Cambridgeshire Suffolk and Norfolk It takes its name from the Breckland region of Norfolk and passes through Thetford Forest Breckland lineShippea Hill in the typically flat FensOverviewStatusOperationalOwnerNetwork RailLocaleEast of EnglandTerminiNorwichCambridgeStations12ServiceTypeHeavy railSystemNational RailOperator s Greater AngliaCrossCountryEast Midlands RailwayGreat NorthernRolling stockClass 156Class 158Class 755HistoryOpened1845TechnicalTrack length51 miles 8 chains 82 2 km Number of tracks2CharacterSecondary 1 Track gauge4 ft 8 1 2 in 1 435 mm standard gaugeLoading gaugeW10Electrification25 kV AC between Cambridge and Ely and around Norwich Operating speed75 90 mphRoute map Click to expand vteBreckland lineLegendNorwich 124 Wherry Lines amp Bittern LineRiver WensumTrowseNorwich VictoriaGreat Eastern Main Lineto London Liverpool StreetHethersettSpinks Laneto AshwellthorpeWymondham 114 Mid Norfolk Railwayto DerehamSpooner Row request stop 111 Attleborough 108 Eccles Road 104 Harling Road 101 River Thetto Holme Hale amp SwaffhamRoudham JunctionThetford to Bury St Edmunds lineto Bury St EdmundsThetford 93 Brandon 86 River Little OuseCut off channelLakenheath request stop 82 Shippea Hill request stop 77 PrickwillowRiver LarkRiver Great OuseFen lineto King s LynnEly Peterborough lineEly 70 Ipswich Ely lineEly and St Ives RailwayFen lineto CambridgeMileage from London Liverpool StreetPreserved British Railways Standard 7MT 70013 Oliver Cromwell near Hethersett in 2010 hauling a special train bound for the North Norfolk Railway The line is 51 miles 8 chains 82 2 km in length from where it branches off the Fen line north of Ely to where it joins the Great Eastern Main Line south of Norwich There are 12 stations on the line including the termini The line is part of the Network Rail Strategic Route 5 SRS 05 09 and part of SRS 05 05 It is classified as a secondary line except between Cambridge and Ely which is classified as a London and South East commuter line 1 Passenger services on the Breckland line are operated by Greater Anglia which manages all of the stations CrossCountry East Midlands Railway and Great Northern Contents 1 History 1 1 Accidents and incidents 2 Infrastructure 3 Route 4 Services 5 ReferencesHistory EditFollowing the successful opening of the Yarmouth and Norwich Railway the Norwich amp Brandon Railway was incorporated in 1844 to build a line between those two places The Eastern Counties Railway was at the same time building a route from Newport in Essex through Cambridge via Ely to Brandon This route would be the first route between Norwich and London A month before opening the Yarmouth and Norwich Railway and the Norwich amp Brandon Railway merged to become the Norfolk Railway 2 The two lines opened on the same day 30 July 1845 although the line only opened to a temporary station at Wensum pending the completion of the Trowse swing bridge which was achieved in December 1845 Through services from Shoreditch later known as Bishopsgate to Norwich Thorpe station started on 15 December 1845 3 4 Although it was expected that locomotive changes would take place between the two companies at Brandon where an engine house had been built the Norfolk Railway in fact operated trains to Ely The ECR and its rival the Eastern Union Railway EUR were both sizing up the NR to acquire and expand their railway empire The ECR trumped the EUR by taking over the NR and became responsible for operating the services from 8 May 1848 5 By the 1860s the railways in East Anglia were in financial trouble and most were leased to the Eastern Counties Railway which wished to amalgamate formally but could not obtain government agreement for this until an Act of Parliament on 7 August 1862 when the Great Eastern Railway GER was formed by the amalgamation 6 The system settled down for the next six decades apart from the disruption of the First World War The difficult economic circumstances after the war led the Government to pass the Railways Act 1921 which led to the creation of the Big Four railway companies The GER amalgamated with other railways to create the London and North Eastern Railway LNER on 1 January 1923 In 1948 the line came under the British Railways Eastern Region Accidents and incidents Edit Accidents at Norwich Thorpe and Trowse and those at Ely Waterbeach Cambridge North and Cambridge are not covered in this section dd On 9 January 1847 two ballastmen were killed when the wagon they were travelling on broke up near Lakenheath 7 On 5 January 1854 two trains were in collision near Thetford 8 On 1 July 1865 a passenger train was derailed as it passed under the viaduct carrying the Great Eastern Main Line at Lakenham Norfolk Three people sustained minor injuries 9 On 12 October 1870 a mail train collided with a freight train at Brandon 10 On 9 January 1875 a mail train ran into the rear of a freight train at Thetford At least five people were injured 11 On 1 June 1875 a cattle train derailed at Harling Road 12 On 13 January 1879 a freight train ran into the rear of a passenger train at Wymondham Several passengers were injured 13 On 19 January 1880 a freight train ran into the rear of another at Brandon 14 On 6 July 1881 a light engine was in collision with a passenger train at Wymondham North Junction Thirteen people were injured 15 On 7 April 1906 a passenger train was derailed at Shippea Hill due to excessive speed Eight passengers were injured two seriously 16 On 4 June 1926 a motor bus crashed through the parapet of an overbridge at Thetford and landed on top of a stationary train 17 On 27 October 1926 a freight train was in collision with a lorry at Roudham Heath Norfolk due to errors by the crossing keeper The lorry driver was killed 18 On 3 December 1976 a passenger train collided with a lorry on an unmanned level crossing at Shippea Hill The train driver was killed and eight of his passengers were injured 19 On 12 September 2006 Class 170 diesel multiple unit 170 206 was derailed as it crossed the level crossing at Croxton Norfolk A panel that formed part of the level crossing had become dislodged and fouled both railway and road 20 The private level crossing on the Roudham Hall estate which was the scene of an accident on 10 April 2016 On 10 April 2016 Class 170 unit 170 204 collided with an agricultural tractor on a private level crossing at Roudham Norfolk The tractor driver was seriously injured the train driver and six passengers sustained minor injuries 21 22 A preliminary investigation revealed that the tractor driver had obtained permission to cross the line 23 Infrastructure EditThe line is double track throughout but is only electrified between Cambridge and Ely and also between Norwich and Trowse Junction at 25 kV AC It has a loading gauge of W8 except for the section connecting the Ipswich Ely line to the Ely Peterborough line which is W10 The line speed ranges between 40 and 90 mph 64 145 km h 1 Until 2012 the line retained its historic characteristics with well preserved stations semaphore signalling and until spring 2009 lineside telegraph poles along with sections of jointed rail on wooden sleepers However the two stage Ely Norwich re signalling programme in August and December 2012 involved the closure of the nine local mechanical signal boxes and removal of the seven sets of manually operated wooden gates at level crossings The Cambridge signal box now controls the modern electronic interlockings which operate the lightweight LED signals while the level crossings have been fully automated with barriers and warning lights Route Edit The Wymondham train station sign The places served by the route are listed below with Ordnance Survey grid references for the stations Place Station and grid referenceNorwich Norwich TG239083Wymondham Wymondham TG114009Spooner Row Spooner Row TM094974Attleborough Attleborough TM051950Eccles and Quidenham Eccles Road TM018900East Harling Harling Road TL977879Thetford Thetford TL867836Brandon Brandon TL784872Lakenheath Lakenheath TL723863Burnt Fen area Shippea Hill TL641841Ely Ely TL543793Cambridge North Cambridge North TL475606Cambridge Cambridge TL461572Trains pass through Waterbeach station between Ely and Cambridge North without stopping Prickwillow station between Ely and Shippea Hill stations closed in 1850 Services EditSome of the stations on the Breckland line see just one stopping train in each direction per day mostly in the Norwich direction in the morning and in the Cambridge direction in the afternoon or evening Three stations on the line are request stops only Spooner Row Lakenheath and Shippea Hill Harling Road and Eccles Road have peak hour only services two in each direction each day Monday to Saturday two in the morning to Norwich two westbound in the evening one of which is operated by East Midlands Railway on weekdays only Passenger services are operated by several companies Abellio Greater Anglia operates a typically hourly service between Stansted Airport and Norwich using Class 755 bi mode multiple units which replaced the Class 170s in 2019 East Midlands Railway operates various services between Ely and Norwich as part of its Liverpool Norwich route usually using Class 158 diesel units although Class 156 units may sometimes be used CrossCountry operates various services between Cambridge and Ely as part of its Birmingham Stansted Airport route usually using Class 170 diesel units Thameslink and Great Northern operates various services between Cambridge and Ely as part of the Fen line route to King s Lynn usually using Class 387 and Class 700 trains References Edit a b c Route 5 West Anglia PDF Network Rail Archived from the original PDF on 7 June 2011 Retrieved 22 May 2009 Allen Cecil J 1975 Great Eastern Railway 3rd ed Shepparton UK Ian Allan Limited p 24 ISBN 0 7110 0659 8 Station history Wymondham Station Archived from the original on 11 May 2006 Retrieved 4 May 2009 Allen Cecil J 1975 Great Eastern Railway 3rd ed Shepparton UK Ian Allan Limited p 234 ISBN 0 7110 0659 8 Allen Cecil J 1975 Great Eastern Railway 3rd ed Shepparton UK Ian Allan Limited p 30 ISBN 0 7110 0659 8 Vaughan Adrian 1997 Railwaymen Politics and Money London John Murray pp 134 135 ISBN 0 7195 5150 1 Fatal Accidents on the Eastern Counties Railway The Morning Chronicle No 24093 12 January 1847 p 3 Capt Douglas Galton Board of Trade 2 March 1854 Eastern Counties Railway PDF Railways Archive Retrieved 10 April 2016 Colonel W Yolland Board of Trade 31 July 1865 Great Eastern Railway PDF Railways Archive Retrieved 10 April 2016 News of the Day Birmingham Daily Post No 3819 14 October 1870 p 4 Railway Accidents The Glasgow Herald No 10933 p 5 Railway Accidents The Bradford Observer No 3877 2 June 1875 p 3 Wymondham The Ipswich Journal No 7702 18 January 1879 p 5 General News Jackson s Oxford Journal No 6619 24 January 1880 p 7 Accident on the Great Eastern Railway Liverpool Mercury No 10449 7 July 1881 p 5 Lt Col P G von Donop Board of Trade 7 May 1906 Great Eastern Railway PDF Railways Archive Retrieved 10 April 2016 Fall of an Omnibus onto a Railway The Times No 44291 London 7 June 1926 col C p 16 Lt Col A H Mount Board of Trade 7 January 1927 London and North Eastern Railway PDF Retrieved 10 April 2016 Report on the Accident that occurred on 3rd December 1976 at Chivers Occupation Level Crossing No 1 between Lakenheath and Shippea Hill in the Eastern Region British Railways The Railways Archive 4 February 2014 Retrieved 9 December 2016 Derailment of a train at Croxton Level Crossing 2 September 2006 PDF Rail Accidents Investigation Board May 2008 Retrieved 10 April 2016 Bishop Donna Louise 10 April 2016 Tractor driver suffers serious injuries following collision between train and tractor at Roudham near Thetford Eastern Daily Press Archant Media Ltd permanent dead link Train carrying 135 passengers crashes at level crossing ITV News Anglia Retrieved 10 April 2016 Collision near Thetford Rail Accidents Investigation Branch Retrieved 22 April 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Breckland line amp oldid 1130319290, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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