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Borgring

January 01, 1970

Borgring (older spelling Borrering) also known as Vallø Borgring, [1] is a Danish Viking ring fortress located near Køge on the island of Zealand. Likely built around 970 or 980, the fortress may have been built to defend trade routes or as a military barracks.[2][3] In 2023, along with four other Viking ring fortresses, Borgring was isncribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List for its unique architecture and testimony to the strategic and military power of the House of Knýtlinga (Jelling dynasty).[4]

Borgring
Borgring with the outline visible and metal bars showing the location and approximate size of the original outer walls
Location of the site in Denmark
LocationZealand, Denmark
TypeViking ring fortress
History
Foundedc. 980
PeriodsIron Age, Viking Age
CriteriaCultural: 
Designated2023 (45th session)
Part ofViking-Age Ring Fortresses
Reference no.1660-001

Description edit

 
Post-edited satellite photo of Borgring before it was partially re-established

Borgring is circular in shape and spans 145 metres across and thus ranks third among the original, Danish Viking ring fortresses. It featured a 10–11-meter wide rampart and was shielded by a palisade, made by pointed wooden stakes. No fortification moat has been uncovered, but the Ellebækken stream running due west of the fortification might have offered a natural defence as might a small lake to the north/north-east. During the excavation in 2014 the northern and eastern gates were found just where they would be expected to be in a trelleborg-type fortification.

Borgring could join the group of trelleborgs which include Trelleborg at Slagelse, Nonnebakken at Odense, Fyrkat at Hobro and Aggersborg next to The Limfjord. These fortifications have all been dated to ca. 980 a.d., however, conclusive dating of Borgring remains to be done.

During the Viking Age the fortress would have enjoyed a strategic, geographical advantage overlooking the presumed old high road, perhaps from Roskilde or Ringsted, and near the two streams in Køge Ådal, offering easy access to the Bay of Køge, one of the best natural ports on Zealand.

Name edit

Borrering is the older name of the area; 1682: Borre Ring; 1877 & 1992: Borrering. The written sources for this dates back to 1682. The name has been subject to some modification through the ages leading to a plethora of variations in different contexts. The name may have been used either to denote the present day location or the bank immediately east of Gl. Lellingegård:

«the place name with great certitude has moved geographically. Maps from the late 1800s will reveal Borgring or Boring to be the name of a small forest some 300 metres west of the ring fortress.» [5]

In 1682 the name Borrering is also synonymous with Borre Rings Aggere and Borre Rings Agre. An undated land register (pre-1850 ?) supplies the name Borrerings Mark, and a guide from 1860 offers Borgrings Marken. Military and topographical maps through the ages contain versions such as Boring (1897) and Borgring (1911, 1941 and 1983), and a forest map from 1925 uses Borgringen.[6]

In 1875, the variant Borgerring was used.

In 1877 Anders Petersen uses the form Borrering in his book: Vallø og Omegn.[7]

The 3rd and 4th editions of Trap Danmark (Statistisk-topografisk Beskrivelse af Kongeriget Danmark) from 1898 and 1921, respectively, use the name Borgering.

The version Borring appears in an old legend, and is used a few times between 1911 and 1946.[8][9]

The name Borrering has been used several times in recent studies, e.g. in 1992 and in 2009,[10] 2010[6] and 2011.[11]

The primary name of Borrering has been recorded by The Department of Nordic Research (Nordisk Forskningsinstitut) at University of Copenhagen, although the department only records instances found on maps and in land registers while ignoring literature and other institutes. Therefore, the versions of the name used by Sophus Müller, Trap Danmark, during the excavations led by Thorkild Ramskou in 1971–72, in the National Museum registry and Harald Andersen are not mentioned. The department has not registered usage of the recent past.[citation needed] This means to suppose that the recordings of The Department of Nordic Research as for now is of limited usability as a source to naming convention and usage concerning Borrering over the years - including the recent years.[12]

Even more recent names are Vallo ring-fortress, [13] also Borgringen ved Lellinge, Lellinge Ringborg, [14] and more.. [5][6]

The new name versions have appeared almost supplanting the original name. Especially in 2013–2014 there has been a trend towards new names for the fortress. Borgringen ved Lellinge has been used a few times in 2013–2014,[15] and the shorter version Borgring on several occasions.[16] The Chapter of Vallø stirred waters when, during publication of the preliminary excavation results in September 2014, they wanted to rename the fortress Vallø Borgring.[17][18] In response to this and following vocal opposition, a Facebook group was created on 8 September 2014 to promote the name Lellinge Ringborg.[14] This version has been used by the Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde.[19]

"Borre" as a name or word has several denotations in Danish, but for this discussion it seems most relevant to consider "fortified site" or just "fortress". So, in terms of naming, Borrering becomes part of a group of pre-historic fortifications that include Borremose fortified settlement in Himmerland, Borreknold on Falster and Borrehoved on Bornholm.[5][20]

Legends edit

It is said about the largest church bell in Højelse Church that ..., upon its inaugural knell, the ancient castle of »Borring« by Lellinge stream sank deep into the earth.[8][9]

Research history edit

Preliminaries edit

The place Borre Ring is first mentioned in a 1682 land register as part of Christian V's cadastral map.[5][6]

The fortress is reportedly outlined on an 1805 land map of Lellingegård.[5]

The fortress was first mentioned in an archaelogical context by Sophus Müller in 1875:

«Right to the east of the farm [Gl. Lellingegaard] lies a bank called "Borgerring" and by virtue of its location next to the stream [...]»

although no certain date was offered.[citation needed]

The US Air Force aerial photo (ortho-photo) from Basic Cover 1954 and provided by COWI shows the fortress as a somewhat blurry shadow on the field.[21]

It was only after echo-photography in November 1970 that it was suggested there might be an actual trelleborg near Lellinge; the circular structure was recognized on a photography by warrant officer Valdemar Ryhl from Air Base Karup.[22][23]

In 1971–72, the Danish National Museum, represented by Thorkild Ramskou, conducted excavations on the site, but the research technology available at the time left the embankment itself undated.[24] Evidences of settlement and middens were dated to the Roman Iron Age. No evidence of later settlements was found at the excavation site. Prior to work there was a general expectation that the excavation would reveal and document that the fortress ring was from the Viking Age and similar to the other known Viking ring fortresses.[25] This expectation, however, was not satisfied.

All Danish fortifications used to be registered by the Danish National Museum's Department of Middle Ages even when finds, such as Borrering, were not from that age. The Museum registered the ring fortress as Borrering, and when Harald Andersen submitted an article to the magazine Skalk in 1992 in which he "dragged" the pre-Medieval fortifications out of the darkness, Borrering was consequently referred to in this version:

«Borrering, Højelse parish. Circular embankment/grave about 140 m. across, today used for farming. Find dating from early Roman times.»
«Two major fortresses on Bornholm [....], both from late Iron Age, are clearly refuges while it is less clear if this is also the case with the two remaining fortresses of this magnitude, viz. a circular fortress located just outside Køge, pottery-dated to Roman times, and [....]»[26]
"Borrering, Højelse s. Kredsrund vold/grav, ca 140 m i diam., nu helt nedpløjet. Fund fra ældre romertid." [in Danish]
"To storborge på Bornholm [....] begge dateret til yngre jernalder, er utvivlsomt tilflugtssteder, mens det er mere usikkert, om det samme gælder de to andre anlæg, som endnu er tilbage i denne størrelsesklasse, nemlig en kredsrund borg beliggende tæt uden for Køge, skårdateret til romertid, og [....]" [in Danish]

On the difficult task of gaining a comprehensive view of pre-historic fortifications Harald Andersen wrote: "A student wishing to attain a complete overview of this material, while circumventing the archives, must traverse the entirety of Trap Danmark, where every Danish fortification is dealt with, if sparsely. While certainly not an enviable journey, it remains the only viable way". Though the description given of Borrering in Trap Danmark, 5th edition (1960) was so general and speculative that a student of Borrering around 1992 therefore had to use the actual excavation results, now in the National Museum, to learn more about the fortification.[27]

Discovery edit

Some twenty years later, professor Søren Sindbæk of University of Aarhus was working on a major book on Aggersborg, when he recognized a clear pattern to the location of the other fortresses; it soon became clear that there was a fortress missing in eastern Zealand. The trelleborgs are placed a day's march apart, i.e. about 50 kilometres. This distance was also apparent between the nearest fortress Trelleborg at Slagelse and the now known trelleborg, Borgring, at Lellinge.

In 2014 (maybe just on 18 September) further archeological research by Danish Castle Centre and University of Aarhus and with some important help from Helen Goodchild from University of York[28][29] showed that Borgring dates back to the 10th century. Remnants of burnt gates were also found possibly suggesting war activity of the kind found in Trelleborg at Slagelse, where nineteen arrows were found inside the fortress. Up until 2014, the location has only been mentioned a few times in literature,[26][30] leaving one of the largest circular fortresses in Denmark in relative obscurity, and just in line with what is known, or not known, about the other trelleborgs.

Despite the geometric plan, the type-marker for a trelleborg, the gates of Borgring are not perfectly aligned north, east, south and west. The minor dislocation (11°) probably reflects concerns that the fortress would emerge asymmetrical in the landscape if the prevailing building principles were rigorously obeyed.

Only minor sections of the fortress have been unearthed, but excavations were scheduled to continue in 2015.

Builder edit

Harald Bluetooth is presumed to be the master builder of the other Danish trelleborg-type fortresses, and it seems plausible that he may indeed have built the ring fortress at Lellinge, too. The fortress remains to be conclusively dated, however, rendering Harald Bluetooth's involvement likely but not proven.[31]

See also edit

External links edit

  • Press release 5 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine from Danish Castle Centre [in Danish]
  • Newly Discovered Viking Fortress Could Have Been a Launch Point for Invading England, by Rachel Nuwer, Smithsonian.com, 9 September 2014
  • Vikingeborg fundet ved Køge, Sjællandske Medier, 5. September 2014 [in Danish]
  • Vikingeborg kan ændre datering af Køge af Katrine Wied, Dagbladet (Sjællandske Medier), 5. September 2014, p. 16-17 [in Danish]
  • Arkæologer: Flere vikingeborge vil dukke op, Videnskab.dk, 9. September 2014 [in Danish]
  • Borgring: the discovery of a Viking Age ring fortress, by Helen Goodchild, Nanna Holm and Søren M. Sindbæk, Antiquity, Volume 91, Issue 358, August 2017, pp. 1027-1042
  • Science Magazine. 2017. "Thousand-year-old Viking fortress reveals a technologically advanced society." Includes a Q&A with Søren M. Sindbæk.

55°28′11″N 12°7′20″E / 55.46972°N 12.12222°E / 55.46972; 12.12222


Literature edit

  • Harald Andersen (1992), "De glemte borge", Skalk (in Danish) (1): 19–30
Further literature on place name
Borrering

(PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 September 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2014.

Vallø Borgring

Danmarks Borgcenter: Vallø Borgring – Gådefuld vikingeborg fundet ved Køge 7 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine [in Danish]

References edit

  1. ^ Den Store Danske: Borgring [in Danish]
  2. ^ Brown, Hannah; Goodchild, Helen; Sindbæk, Søren M. (2014). "Making Place for a Viking Fortress. An archaeological and geophysical reassessment of Aggersborg, Denmark". Internet Archaeology. 36 (36). doi:10.11141/ia.36.2.
  3. ^ Dobat, Andres Siegfried (2009). "The State and the Strangers: The Role of External Forces in a Process of State Formation in Viking-Age South Scandinavia (c. ad 900-1050)". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 65–104. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100674. ISSN 1782-7183. JSTOR 45019120.
  4. ^ Viking-Age Ring Fortresses, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, retrieved 24 January 2024 – via whc.unesco.org
  5. ^ a b c d e Københavns Universitet, Nordisk Forskningsinstitut, 5. September 2014: Navnet på vikingeborgen 10 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine [in Danish]
  6. ^ a b c d [in Danish]
  7. ^ Anders Petersen: Vallø og Omegn. En historisk Skildring, Copenhagen, 1877. (p. 252) [in Danish]
  8. ^ a b Nationalmuseet, Danmarks Kirker, Højelse Kirke (Vol. III - Københavns Amt, bind 2 (1946) Page: 1237) [in Danish]
  9. ^ a b N. P. Nielsen: Det gamle Højelse. Historiske Minder fra Byen og Omegnen, Slagelse, 1919. (p. 23) [in Danish]
  10. ^ Skovbo Lokalhistoriske Forening, Gammel Lellinge (19 March 2009) 13 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine [in Danish]
  11. ^ Stednavne som kilde til centralpladskomplekser i Danmark, Namn och bygd, Årg. 99 (2011), p. 59–86 13 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine [in Danish]
  12. ^ cf. Danmarks Stednavne - Borgring (0221. Højelse s., Ramsø h.) [in Danish]
  13. ^ Archaeology News Network: New Viking fortress found in Denmark
  14. ^ a b Facebook Group about Lellinge Ringborg (in Danish) [in Danish]
  15. ^ Museum Sydøstdanmark – Arbejdsplan 2014 13 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine [in Danish]
  16. ^ Danmarks fugle og natur: Billede/foto af folk i felten fra Borgring eller Nyopdaget vikingeborg besigtiges, 07-09-2014 [in Danish]
  17. ^ Lokalarkiv raser over navn på vikinge-borg, Dagbladet, 09.09.2014 11 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine [in Danish]
  18. ^ "Vallø Stift ser turismemuligheder", Dagbladet, 5. September 2014, p. 17 [in Danish]
  19. ^ Vikingeskibsmuseet – Billedserie: Udstillingsåbning i Berlin 9. September 2014 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine [in Danish]
  20. ^ Harald Andersen (1992), p. 23
  21. ^ Miljøministeriet (|Ministry of the Environment of Denmark) - maps
  22. ^ Nyt Trelleborg – nær ødelagt, Dagbladet(?), 1970(?) – From: Lellinge Ringborg's Facebook group [in Danish]
  23. ^ Professor: Borgfundet ER sensationelt!, Jyllands-Posten, 17.09.2014 12 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine [in Danish]
  24. ^ Kulturstyrelsen – Fund og Fortidsminder, Borgerring (ved Lellinge) [in Danish]
  25. ^ Gåde ved Køge skal løses. Nationalmuseet sætter udgravninger i gang i Lellinge, Berlingske Tidende, 09.09.1971 12 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine [in Danish]
  26. ^ a b Harald Andersen (1992)
  27. ^ Harald Andersen (1992), p. 20
  28. ^ Archaeologists Just Discovered a 1,000-Year-Old Viking Fortress by Kelsey Campbell-Dollaghan, Gizmodo.com, 9/08/14
  29. ^ Ny vikingeborg er dukket op ved Køge 5 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Jyllands-Posten, 4 September 2014 [in Danish]
  30. ^ Landsbyerne Store Salby og Lille Salby. Landsbyerne før og nu. En lokalhistorisk undersøgelse fra Højelse Sogn i Køge Kommune (published by Højelse Sognearkiv), Viborg, 2012. (p. 128-129) [in Danish]
  31. ^ "Vikingeborg måske Harald Blåtands værk" by Katrine Wied, Dagbladet, 5. September 2014, p. 16-17 [in Danish]

January 01, 1970
borgring, older, spelling, borrering, also, known, vallø, danish, viking, ring, fortress, located, near, køge, island, zealand, likely, built, around, fortress, have, been, built, defend, trade, routes, military, barracks, 2023, along, with, four, other, vikin. Borgring older spelling Borrering also known as Vallo Borgring 1 is a Danish Viking ring fortress located near Koge on the island of Zealand Likely built around 970 or 980 the fortress may have been built to defend trade routes or as a military barracks 2 3 In 2023 along with four other Viking ring fortresses Borgring was isncribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List for its unique architecture and testimony to the strategic and military power of the House of Knytlinga Jelling dynasty 4 BorgringBorgring with the outline visible and metal bars showing the location and approximate size of the original outer wallsLocation of the site in DenmarkLocationZealand DenmarkTypeViking ring fortressHistoryFoundedc 980PeriodsIron Age Viking AgeUNESCO World Heritage SiteCriteriaCultural Designated2023 45th session Part ofViking Age Ring FortressesReference no 1660 001 Contents 1 Description 2 Name 3 Legends 4 Research history 4 1 Preliminaries 4 2 Discovery 5 Builder 6 See also 7 External links 8 Literature 9 ReferencesDescription edit nbsp Post edited satellite photo of Borgring before it was partially re established Borgring is circular in shape and spans 145 metres across and thus ranks third among the original Danish Viking ring fortresses It featured a 10 11 meter wide rampart and was shielded by a palisade made by pointed wooden stakes No fortification moat has been uncovered but the Ellebaekken stream running due west of the fortification might have offered a natural defence as might a small lake to the north north east During the excavation in 2014 the northern and eastern gates were found just where they would be expected to be in a trelleborg type fortification Borgring could join the group of trelleborgs which include Trelleborg at Slagelse Nonnebakken at Odense Fyrkat at Hobro and Aggersborg next to The Limfjord These fortifications have all been dated to ca 980 a d however conclusive dating of Borgring remains to be done During the Viking Age the fortress would have enjoyed a strategic geographical advantage overlooking the presumed old high road perhaps from Roskilde or Ringsted and near the two streams in Koge Adal offering easy access to the Bay of Koge one of the best natural ports on Zealand Name editBorrering is the older name of the area 1682 Borre Ring 1877 amp 1992 Borrering The written sources for this dates back to 1682 The name has been subject to some modification through the ages leading to a plethora of variations in different contexts The name may have been used either to denote the present day location or the bank immediately east of Gl Lellingegard the place name with great certitude has moved geographically Maps from the late 1800s will reveal Borgring or Boring to be the name of a small forest some 300 metres west of the ring fortress 5 In 1682 the name Borrering is also synonymous with Borre Rings Aggere and Borre Rings Agre An undated land register pre 1850 supplies the name Borrerings Mark and a guide from 1860 offers Borgrings Marken Military and topographical maps through the ages contain versions such as Boring 1897 and Borgring 1911 1941 and 1983 and a forest map from 1925 uses Borgringen 6 In 1875 the variant Borgerring was used In 1877 Anders Petersen uses the form Borrering in his book Vallo og Omegn 7 The 3rd and 4th editions of Trap Danmark Statistisk topografisk Beskrivelse af Kongeriget Danmark from 1898 and 1921 respectively use the name Borgering The version Borring appears in an old legend and is used a few times between 1911 and 1946 8 9 The name Borrering has been used several times in recent studies e g in 1992 and in 2009 10 2010 6 and 2011 11 The primary name of Borrering has been recorded by The Department of Nordic Research Nordisk Forskningsinstitut at University of Copenhagen although the department only records instances found on maps and in land registers while ignoring literature and other institutes Therefore the versions of the name used by Sophus Muller Trap Danmark during the excavations led by Thorkild Ramskou in 1971 72 in the National Museum registry and Harald Andersen are not mentioned The department has not registered usage of the recent past citation needed This means to suppose that the recordings of The Department of Nordic Research as for now is of limited usability as a source to naming convention and usage concerning Borrering over the years including the recent years 12 Even more recent names are Vallo ring fortress 13 also Borgringen ved Lellinge Lellinge Ringborg 14 and more 5 6 The new name versions have appeared almost supplanting the original name Especially in 2013 2014 there has been a trend towards new names for the fortress Borgringen ved Lellinge has been used a few times in 2013 2014 15 and the shorter version Borgring on several occasions 16 The Chapter of Vallo stirred waters when during publication of the preliminary excavation results in September 2014 they wanted to rename the fortress Vallo Borgring 17 18 In response to this and following vocal opposition a Facebook group was created on 8 September 2014 to promote the name Lellinge Ringborg 14 This version has been used by the Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde 19 Borre as a name or word has several denotations in Danish but for this discussion it seems most relevant to consider fortified site or just fortress So in terms of naming Borrering becomes part of a group of pre historic fortifications that include Borremose fortified settlement in Himmerland Borreknold on Falster and Borrehoved on Bornholm 5 20 Legends editIt is said about the largest church bell in Hojelse Church that upon its inaugural knell the ancient castle of Borring by Lellinge stream sank deep into the earth 8 9 Research history editPreliminaries edit The place Borre Ring is first mentioned in a 1682 land register as part of Christian V s cadastral map 5 6 The fortress is reportedly outlined on an 1805 land map of Lellingegard 5 The fortress was first mentioned in an archaelogical context by Sophus Muller in 1875 Right to the east of the farm Gl Lellingegaard lies a bank called Borgerring and by virtue of its location next to the stream although no certain date was offered citation needed The US Air Force aerial photo ortho photo from Basic Cover 1954 and provided by COWI shows the fortress as a somewhat blurry shadow on the field 21 It was only after echo photography in November 1970 that it was suggested there might be an actual trelleborg near Lellinge the circular structure was recognized on a photography by warrant officer Valdemar Ryhl from Air Base Karup 22 23 In 1971 72 the Danish National Museum represented by Thorkild Ramskou conducted excavations on the site but the research technology available at the time left the embankment itself undated 24 Evidences of settlement and middens were dated to the Roman Iron Age No evidence of later settlements was found at the excavation site Prior to work there was a general expectation that the excavation would reveal and document that the fortress ring was from the Viking Age and similar to the other known Viking ring fortresses 25 This expectation however was not satisfied All Danish fortifications used to be registered by the Danish National Museum s Department of Middle Ages even when finds such as Borrering were not from that age The Museum registered the ring fortress as Borrering and when Harald Andersen submitted an article to the magazine Skalk in 1992 in which he dragged the pre Medieval fortifications out of the darkness Borrering was consequently referred to in this version Borrering Hojelse parish Circular embankment grave about 140 m across today used for farming Find dating from early Roman times Two major fortresses on Bornholm both from late Iron Age are clearly refuges while it is less clear if this is also the case with the two remaining fortresses of this magnitude viz a circular fortress located just outside Koge pottery dated to Roman times and 26 Borrering Hojelse s Kredsrund vold grav ca 140 m i diam nu helt nedplojet Fund fra aeldre romertid in Danish To storborge pa Bornholm begge dateret til yngre jernalder er utvivlsomt tilflugtssteder mens det er mere usikkert om det samme gaelder de to andre anlaeg som endnu er tilbage i denne storrelsesklasse nemlig en kredsrund borg beliggende taet uden for Koge skardateret til romertid og in Danish On the difficult task of gaining a comprehensive view of pre historic fortifications Harald Andersen wrote A student wishing to attain a complete overview of this material while circumventing the archives must traverse the entirety of Trap Danmark where every Danish fortification is dealt with if sparsely While certainly not an enviable journey it remains the only viable way Though the description given of Borrering in Trap Danmark 5th edition 1960 was so general and speculative that a student of Borrering around 1992 therefore had to use the actual excavation results now in the National Museum to learn more about the fortification 27 Discovery edit Some twenty years later professor Soren Sindbaek of University of Aarhus was working on a major book on Aggersborg when he recognized a clear pattern to the location of the other fortresses it soon became clear that there was a fortress missing in eastern Zealand The trelleborgs are placed a day s march apart i e about 50 kilometres This distance was also apparent between the nearest fortress Trelleborg at Slagelse and the now known trelleborg Borgring at Lellinge In 2014 maybe just on 18 September further archeological research by Danish Castle Centre and University of Aarhus and with some important help from Helen Goodchild from University of York 28 29 showed that Borgring dates back to the 10th century Remnants of burnt gates were also found possibly suggesting war activity of the kind found in Trelleborg at Slagelse where nineteen arrows were found inside the fortress Up until 2014 the location has only been mentioned a few times in literature 26 30 leaving one of the largest circular fortresses in Denmark in relative obscurity and just in line with what is known or not known about the other trelleborgs Despite the geometric plan the type marker for a trelleborg the gates of Borgring are not perfectly aligned north east south and west The minor dislocation 11 probably reflects concerns that the fortress would emerge asymmetrical in the landscape if the prevailing building principles were rigorously obeyed Only minor sections of the fortress have been unearthed but excavations were scheduled to continue in 2015 Builder editHarald Bluetooth is presumed to be the master builder of the other Danish trelleborg type fortresses and it seems plausible that he may indeed have built the ring fortress at Lellinge too The fortress remains to be conclusively dated however rendering Harald Bluetooth s involvement likely but not proven 31 See also editAggersborg Borgeby Castle Fyrkat Harald Bluetooth Nonnebakken Trelleborg Slagelse Viking ring fortress VikingsExternal links editPress release Archived 5 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine from Danish Castle Centre in Danish Newly Discovered Viking Fortress Could Have Been a Launch Point for Invading England by Rachel Nuwer Smithsonian com 9 September 2014 Vikingeborg fundet ved Koge Sjaellandske Medier 5 September 2014 in Danish Vikingeborg kan aendre datering af Koge af Katrine Wied Dagbladet Sjaellandske Medier 5 September 2014 p 16 17 in Danish Arkaeologer Flere vikingeborge vil dukke op Videnskab dk 9 September 2014 in Danish Borgring the discovery of a Viking Age ring fortress by Helen Goodchild Nanna Holm and Soren M Sindbaek Antiquity Volume 91 Issue 358 August 2017 pp 1027 1042 Science Magazine 2017 Thousand year old Viking fortress reveals a technologically advanced society Includes a Q amp A with Soren M Sindbaek 55 28 11 N 12 7 20 E 55 46972 N 12 12222 E 55 46972 12 12222Literature editHarald Andersen 1992 De glemte borge Skalk in Danish 1 19 30 Further literature on place name Borrering The Danish Castle Centre and Aarhus University Enigmatic Viking Fortress discovered in Denmark PDF Archived from the original PDF on 6 September 2014 Retrieved 14 September 2014 Vallo Borgring Danmarks Borgcenter Vallo Borgring Gadefuld vikingeborg fundet ved Koge Archived 7 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine in Danish References edit Den Store Danske Borgring in Danish Brown Hannah Goodchild Helen Sindbaek Soren M 2014 Making Place for a Viking Fortress An archaeological and geophysical reassessment of Aggersborg Denmark Internet Archaeology 36 36 doi 10 11141 ia 36 2 Dobat Andres Siegfried 2009 The State and the Strangers The Role of External Forces in a Process of State Formation in Viking Age South Scandinavia c ad 900 1050 Viking and Medieval Scandinavia 5 65 104 doi 10 1484 J VMS 1 100674 ISSN 1782 7183 JSTOR 45019120 Viking Age Ring Fortresses UNESCO World Heritage Centre retrieved 24 January 2024 via whc unesco org a b c d e Kobenhavns Universitet Nordisk Forskningsinstitut 5 September 2014 Navnet pa vikingeborgen Archived 10 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine in Danish a b c d Stednavne som kilde til yngre jernalders centralpladser Lisbeth Eilersgaard Christensen 2010 in Danish Anders Petersen Vallo og Omegn En historisk Skildring Copenhagen 1877 p 252 in Danish a b Nationalmuseet Danmarks Kirker Hojelse Kirke Vol III Kobenhavns Amt bind 2 1946 Page 1237 in Danish a b N P Nielsen Det gamle Hojelse Historiske Minder fra Byen og Omegnen Slagelse 1919 p 23 in Danish Skovbo Lokalhistoriske Forening Gammel Lellinge 19 March 2009 Archived 13 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine in Danish Stednavne som kilde til centralpladskomplekser i Danmark Namn och bygd Arg 99 2011 p 59 86 Archived 13 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine in Danish cf Danmarks Stednavne Borgring 0221 Hojelse s Ramso h in Danish Archaeology News Network New Viking fortress found in Denmark a b Facebook Group about Lellinge Ringborg in Danish in Danish Museum Sydostdanmark Arbejdsplan 2014 Archived 13 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine in Danish Danmarks fugle og natur Billede foto af folk i felten fra Borgring eller Nyopdaget vikingeborg besigtiges 07 09 2014 in Danish Lokalarkiv raser over navn pa vikinge borg Dagbladet 09 09 2014 Archived 11 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine in Danish Vallo Stift ser turismemuligheder Dagbladet 5 September 2014 p 17 in Danish Vikingeskibsmuseet Billedserie Udstillingsabning i Berlin 9 September 2014 Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine in Danish Harald Andersen 1992 p 23 Miljoministeriet Ministry of the Environment of Denmark maps Nyt Trelleborg naer odelagt Dagbladet 1970 From Lellinge Ringborg s Facebook group in Danish Professor Borgfundet ER sensationelt Jyllands Posten 17 09 2014 Archived 12 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine in Danish Kulturstyrelsen Fund og Fortidsminder Borgerring ved Lellinge in Danish Gade ved Koge skal loses Nationalmuseet saetter udgravninger i gang i Lellinge Berlingske Tidende 09 09 1971 Archived 12 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine in Danish a b Harald Andersen 1992 Harald Andersen 1992 p 20 Archaeologists Just Discovered a 1 000 Year Old Viking Fortress by Kelsey Campbell Dollaghan Gizmodo com 9 08 14 Ny vikingeborg er dukket op ved Koge Archived 5 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine Jyllands Posten 4 September 2014 in Danish Landsbyerne Store Salby og Lille Salby Landsbyerne for og nu En lokalhistorisk undersogelse fra Hojelse Sogn i Koge Kommune published by Hojelse Sognearkiv Viborg 2012 p 128 129 in Danish Vikingeborg maske Harald Blatands vaerk by Katrine Wied Dagbladet 5 September 2014 p 16 17 in Danish Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Borgring amp oldid 1222386002, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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