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Boom style architecture

December 20, 2023

"Boom style" is a recognised architectural development of a late nineteenth-century period of prosperity in which domestic, commercial, public and ecclesiastical architecture burgeoned, particularly in Victoria, Australia, and in other east-coast Australian states.[1][2] The phrase is sometimes used, uncapitalised, to designate similar opulent architecture of overlapping periods across the late British Empire,[3] and to some extent in America.[4]

Background edit

 
The Olderfleet Building, Collins Street, Melbourne, Vic.
 
Kerry & Co. photo (c1900) The Mutual Life Building, Sydney, Sulman & Power, 1891. Powerhouse Museum Collection

In the 19th century, there was a significant increase in the construction of civic buildings in urban areas throughout the British empire supported by the rise of the middle class and its leisure activities accommodated by theatres, shopping arcades, and coffee houses.[3] These buildings embraced the latest architectural trends incorporating both Gothic and classical elements in an unconventional manner to create visually stunning effects in a design approach, criticised in the Modernist period by such commentators as Freeland, as uneducated eclecticism or frivolousness.[5]

Australia edit

King and Willis[1] note that the term ‘Boom Style’ (as capitalised) has entered the lexicon of Australian architectural historians, its first usage being accepted as by Robyn Boyd in the 1952 edition of his Australia's Home.[6]

The Australian gold rushes led to a fivefold population increase within a mere thirty-year period attracting opportunists and adventurers from around the world and the resultant wealth funded the emergence, particularly in Melbourne, and to a lesser extent in Sydney and Brisbane,[7][8] of a lavish architectural style known since as the Boom style.[9] The period between the gold rushes and the major depression of the 1890s witnessed a significant surge in building activity, encompassing both residential and secular structures, as well as religious buildings.[2] Previously limited to three or four stories, commercial office buildings in the Boom Style reached 'skyscraper' heights.[1]

Melbourne edit

 
The Block Arcade, 280-286 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria in c.1930-1939

Melbourne in particular, as the capital of the colony in which most gold was discovered, experienced a rapid influx of money, which contributed to the city's growth. This period marked the prevalence of elaborately decorated Victorian architecture in the city recognised as ‘Marvellous Melbourne”[1][10] The centres of gold mining including Ballarat and Bendigo, and even the now smaller towns such as Clunes, Maryborough, Daylesford and Beechworth also feature such buildings.

Characteristics edit

 
Medley Hall located at 44 Drummond Street, Carlton

In the late 1880s and early 1890s, the Boom Style gained prominence, featuring unrestrainedly ornate facades. Stucco parapets or balustrades concealed the roofs, colored-brick patterns were common, and cast-iron verandas and stained glass around the front doors were chararcteristc. Architectural historians categorise 'Boom style' into sub-styles such as Georgian Colonial, Gothic Revival, Renaissance Revival, and French Second Empire.

Architects rose to the challenge of providing wealthy clients' demands for ostentatious houses. Notable examples include "Benvenuta" in Carlton, designed by Walter Scott Law in 1892 for a small-arms manufacturer. Roman-inspired, and now known as Medley Hall, a residential college, is another example, featuring intricate garlands, encrustations of floral motifs, and statues on the parapet, all crafted by Italian artisans.[11]

Glass edit

 
Labassa mansion in Caulfield

During this era, coloured glass became a popular feature in private homes, adorning both modest terraces and grand mansions. The availability of relatively inexpensive glass due to the Industrial Revolution, its suitability as ballast on returning ships, and the public's inclination for ornamentation all contributed to its widespread usage. By the 1880s international exhibitions in Sydney (1879) and Melbourne (1880-81) had popularised sophisticated new products from manufacturing nations and the introduction of various types of specialty glass, adding a colourful element to the generally subdued tones of boom-style building materials. Painted and enameled decorative panels, etched ruby glass, and high-quality Victorian leadlights, featuring thick and deeply colored quarries and sparkling roundels, were incorporated into door settings, stairwells, and hallway windows. The role of the stained glass window is showcased in Labassa, an Italian-inspired villa in North Caulfield, constructed in 1890 for W. A. Robertson, a pastoralist and investor. Designed by J. A. B. Koch and again built by Italian craftsmen, the villa exhibited extensive sculptural ornamentation and extravagant use of stenciled decorations and stained glass.[12]

Architects edit

Demise edit

With a recession and the collapse of banks in 1893 and following that, the demise of numerous newly established companies, the building industry embraced a more modest style that reflected the prevailing sobriety.

The "Queen Anne" revival style emerged in deliberate contrast to the Boom Style, characterised by meticulously pointed red bricks and newly imported Marseilles-pattern roofing tiles made of terra-cotta, and abandoning the use of stucco. Grey slate was replaced with red tiles, while the folded M-shaped roof expanded to form a high, all-encompassing cap. Instead of formal symmetry, the plan and silhouette of buildings transformed into an assortment of irregular bays, dormers, porches, and spires, striving to achieve a "picturesque" appearance, and a more homely 'English' quality.[6]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d King, Stuart; Willis, Julie (2022-07-05). "Mining Boom Styles". In Brennan, AnnMarie; Goad, Philip (eds.). Proceedings of the Society of Architectural Historians, Australia and New Zealand: 33, Gold. Proceedings of the Society of Architectural Historians, Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ. pp. 334–345. ISBN 978-0-646-85443-4.
  2. ^ a b MacMahon, Bill; Sierins, Eric (2000). The architecture of East Australia : an architectural history in 432 individual presentations. Stuttgart: Edition Axel Menges. p. 10. ISBN 9783930698905. OCLC 636811671.
  3. ^ a b Bremmer, G. A., ed. (2016). Architecture and urbanism in the British Empire. Oxford history of the British Empire (1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198713326. OCLC 938360468.
  4. ^ Knapp, A. Bernard; Pigott, Vincent C; Herbert, Eugenia W. (1998). Knapp, A. Bernard; Pigott, Vincent C; Herbert, Eugenia W. (eds.). Social approaches to an industrial past : the archaeology and anthropology of mining (1st ed.). London: Rautledge. p. 31. ISBN 9780415181501. OCLC 848864777.
  5. ^ Freeland, J.M. (1972). Architecture in Australia : a history. Ringwood, Victoria, Australia, New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Penguin Books Australia ; Viking Penguin. ISBN 9780140211528. OCLC 24010185.
  6. ^ a b Boyd, Robyn (1987). Australia's home : its origins, builders, and occupiers (New M.U.P. ed.). Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press. pp. 25–44. ISBN 9780522843583. OCLC 18648524.
  7. ^ a b East, John W (2022-01-01), Subtropical Aestheticism: The Brisbane Architect, George Henry Male Addison (1857-1922), and his Work, John East, retrieved 11 July 2023
  8. ^ a b De Vries, Susanna and De Vries, Jake (2013). Historic Brisbane: Convict Settlement to River City. Pandanus Press. p. 74. ISBN 9781922109804.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ Margalit, Harry (2019). Australia : modern architectures in history. Modern architectures in history (1st ed.). London: Reaktion Books. pp. n.p. ISBN 9781789141245. OCLC 1120198701.
  10. ^ Goad, Philip; Bingham-Hall, Patrick (1998). A guide to Melbourne architecture. Balmain, N.S.W.: Watermark Press. p. 1880. ISBN 9780949284365. OCLC 39443558.
  11. ^ Flower, Cedric; Smith, Robyn (1983). The heritage of Australia (2nd ed.). Ringwood, Australia: Viking O'Neil. p. 86. ISBN 9780670900060. OCLC 680053649.
  12. ^ Zimmer, Jenny (1984). Stained glass in Australia (1st ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. p. 49. ISBN 9780195543698. OCLC 12031913.
  13. ^ "Albert Street Uniting Church (entry 600066)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  14. ^ "Cliveden Mansions (entry 602186)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  15. ^ "Kirkston (entry 600351)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  16. ^ "Stanley Hall (entry 600183)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  17. ^ Grubb, Ken (2013). Silver Hill: The University of Queensland Silver Mine Precinct. p. 32.
  18. ^ "East Melbourne, Albert Street 070 - Burchett | East Melbourne Historical Society". emhs.org.au. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  19. ^ "Hotel Windsor: There's life in the old girl yet". Sydney Morning Herald. 22 September 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
  20. ^ "Trust will fight 3 wreckings The National Trust has again". The Age. 27 February 1978. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
  21. ^ . Archived from the original on 20 June 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
  22. ^ "A register of treasures". The Age. 13 March 1979. Retrieved 15 April 2010.[dead link]
  23. ^ "Lalor House". Heritage Victoria. 18 July 2006. Retrieved 11 July 2023.

December 20, 2023
boom, style, architecture, boom, style, recognised, architectural, development, late, nineteenth, century, period, prosperity, which, domestic, commercial, public, ecclesiastical, architecture, burgeoned, particularly, victoria, australia, other, east, coast, . Boom style is a recognised architectural development of a late nineteenth century period of prosperity in which domestic commercial public and ecclesiastical architecture burgeoned particularly in Victoria Australia and in other east coast Australian states 1 2 The phrase is sometimes used uncapitalised to designate similar opulent architecture of overlapping periods across the late British Empire 3 and to some extent in America 4 Contents 1 Background 2 Australia 2 1 Melbourne 3 Characteristics 3 1 Glass 4 Architects 5 Demise 6 ReferencesBackground edit nbsp The Olderfleet Building Collins Street Melbourne Vic nbsp Kerry amp Co photo c1900 The Mutual Life Building Sydney Sulman amp Power 1891 Powerhouse Museum CollectionIn the 19th century there was a significant increase in the construction of civic buildings in urban areas throughout the British empire supported by the rise of the middle class and its leisure activities accommodated by theatres shopping arcades and coffee houses 3 These buildings embraced the latest architectural trends incorporating both Gothic and classical elements in an unconventional manner to create visually stunning effects in a design approach criticised in the Modernist period by such commentators as Freeland as uneducated eclecticism or frivolousness 5 Australia editKing and Willis 1 note that the term Boom Style as capitalised has entered the lexicon of Australian architectural historians its first usage being accepted as by Robyn Boyd in the 1952 edition of his Australia s Home 6 The Australian gold rushes led to a fivefold population increase within a mere thirty year period attracting opportunists and adventurers from around the world and the resultant wealth funded the emergence particularly in Melbourne and to a lesser extent in Sydney and Brisbane 7 8 of a lavish architectural style known since as the Boom style 9 The period between the gold rushes and the major depression of the 1890s witnessed a significant surge in building activity encompassing both residential and secular structures as well as religious buildings 2 Previously limited to three or four stories commercial office buildings in the Boom Style reached skyscraper heights 1 Melbourne edit nbsp The Block Arcade 280 286 Collins Street Melbourne Victoria in c 1930 1939Melbourne in particular as the capital of the colony in which most gold was discovered experienced a rapid influx of money which contributed to the city s growth This period marked the prevalence of elaborately decorated Victorian architecture in the city recognised as Marvellous Melbourne 1 10 The centres of gold mining including Ballarat and Bendigo and even the now smaller towns such as Clunes Maryborough Daylesford and Beechworth also feature such buildings Characteristics edit nbsp Medley Hall located at 44 Drummond Street CarltonIn the late 1880s and early 1890s the Boom Style gained prominence featuring unrestrainedly ornate facades Stucco parapets or balustrades concealed the roofs colored brick patterns were common and cast iron verandas and stained glass around the front doors were chararcteristc Architectural historians categorise Boom style into sub styles such as Georgian Colonial Gothic Revival Renaissance Revival and French Second Empire Architects rose to the challenge of providing wealthy clients demands for ostentatious houses Notable examples include Benvenuta in Carlton designed by Walter Scott Law in 1892 for a small arms manufacturer Roman inspired and now known as Medley Hall a residential college is another example featuring intricate garlands encrustations of floral motifs and statues on the parapet all crafted by Italian artisans 11 Glass edit nbsp Labassa mansion in CaulfieldDuring this era coloured glass became a popular feature in private homes adorning both modest terraces and grand mansions The availability of relatively inexpensive glass due to the Industrial Revolution its suitability as ballast on returning ships and the public s inclination for ornamentation all contributed to its widespread usage By the 1880s international exhibitions in Sydney 1879 and Melbourne 1880 81 had popularised sophisticated new products from manufacturing nations and the introduction of various types of specialty glass adding a colourful element to the generally subdued tones of boom style building materials Painted and enameled decorative panels etched ruby glass and high quality Victorian leadlights featuring thick and deeply colored quarries and sparkling roundels were incorporated into door settings stairwells and hallway windows The role of the stained glass window is showcased in Labassa an Italian inspired villa in North Caulfield constructed in 1890 for W A Robertson a pastoralist and investor Designed by J A B Koch and again built by Italian craftsmen the villa exhibited extensive sculptural ornamentation and extravagant use of stenciled decorations and stained glass 12 Architects editGeorge Henry Male Addison 7 The Albert Street Uniting Church Brisbane 1889 13 Cliveden Mansions Spring Hill 1888 14 The villa Kirkston built in 1888 89 at Windsor 15 Extensive additions to Stanley Hall Clayfield 1889 16 The Mansions 40 George Street Brisbane 1889 Fernbrook his home in Indooroopilly c 1889 demolished in the 1920s 8 17 Cumbooquepa South Brisbane 1890 The Old Museum Building Brisbane 1891 James Birtwistle 1857 1939 Illawarra Toorak 1889 Great Southern Hotel Beaumaris 1889 Preston Town Hall 1895 uncompleted Thomas James Crouch 1832 1889 Deloraine Terrace Parkville 1887 Melbourne General Post Office design ultimately went to A E Johnson Methodist Ladies College George De Lacy Evans Marks Warehouses 29 Niagara Lane Melbourne 1887 Sum Kum Lee Building Lt Bourke St 1888 Harry Browse Gibbs 1858 1918 George Hotel Fitzroy Street St Kilda 1886 corner section Crossakiel 26 Kooyongkoot Rd Hawthorn 1884 6 Norman Hitchcock c 1837 1918 Holcombe Terrace Carlton 70 Albert Street East Melbourne 18 Victoria Buildings 193 207 Smith Street Fitzroy 1889 Melbournia Terrace 1 13 Drummond Street Carlton Arthur Ebden Johnson Melbourne General Post Office additions 1887 Melbourne Atheneum 1886 Eastern Hill Fire Station 1893 William Pitt designs include Premier Permanent Building Society 1882 demolished Melbourne Coffee Palace in 1882 demolished in the 1960s Princess Theatre The Federal Coffee Palace demolished in 1972 Olderfleet buildings Old Safe Deposit Building Old Rialto Building Former Melbourne Stock Exchange Grand Hotel Yarra Glen Joseph Reed c 1823 1890 Royal Exhibition Building 1880 Ormond College Melbourne University 1881 Holy Trinity Church East St Kilda 1882 1889 Old Pathology Building Melbourne University 1885 Sacred Heart Church St Kilda 1884 Lombard Building 15 17 Queen Street 1887 Baldwin Spencer Building Melbourne University 1887 Old Physics Conference Room and Gallery Melbourne University 1888 Lloyd Tayler 1830 1900 Chevy Chase 203 Were Street Brighton 1881 Edward Twentyman from 1882 Twentyman and Askew Cairns Memorial Church East Melbourne c1886 Colonial Sugar Refinery Port Melbourne c1886 Block Arcade Collins Street 1890 93 Campi Buildings at 149 167 Queens Parade Clifton Hill 1883 William Charles Vahland 1828 1915 Bendigo Town Hall 1885 Shamrock Hotel 1897 Charles Webb the Windsor Hotel 19 Royal Arcade 20 South Melbourne Town Hall 21 Tasma Terrace 22 and his own home at 6 Farleigh Grove are all listed on the Victorian Heritage Register William Wolf Lalor House Richmond 1888 23 Nathan s Terrace Flemington 1888 Canterbury Mansions Canterbury 1889Demise editWith a recession and the collapse of banks in 1893 and following that the demise of numerous newly established companies the building industry embraced a more modest style that reflected the prevailing sobriety The Queen Anne revival style emerged in deliberate contrast to the Boom Style characterised by meticulously pointed red bricks and newly imported Marseilles pattern roofing tiles made of terra cotta and abandoning the use of stucco Grey slate was replaced with red tiles while the folded M shaped roof expanded to form a high all encompassing cap Instead of formal symmetry the plan and silhouette of buildings transformed into an assortment of irregular bays dormers porches and spires striving to achieve a picturesque appearance and a more homely English quality 6 Further examples nbsp Shubra Hall and the Main School Building and students of the Presbyterian Ladies College Sydney 1892 nbsp Studley Park Camden New South Wales circa 1900 nbsp The railway station at Mudgee New South Wales Australia Architect John Whitton nbsp Lombard Building Queen street Melbourne 1890 Architects Balfour Elliott amp Co nbsp Heritage Hotel Bulli New South Wales 1889 Kenwood and Kerle architects nbsp Shamrock Hotel Bendigo 1897 Designed by Phillip Kennedy nbsp Trinity Terrace Royal Parade Parkville Melbourne nbsp Bendigo Town Hall architect William Vahland 1885 nbsp Victorian terrace on canterbury road Middle Park nbsp Cintra House Maitland New South Wales Architect John Wiltshire Pender 1889 nbsp Fitzroy Street St Kilda in 1890 nbsp Marion Terrace St Kilda nbsp Grosvenor Chambers Architects Oakden Addison and Kemp 1888 nbsp Wardlow Parkville Victoria 1888 nbsp Post Office Flemington Architect J R Brown 1888 nbsp APA Australia Building Melbourne Oakden Addison amp Kemp 1889 nbsp Equitable building Collins Street Architect Edward Raht 1896 nbsp Federal Coffee Palace Melbourne Designed by Ellerker amp Kilburn and William Pitt 1888 nbsp Fink s Building Melbourne Architects Twentyman amp Askew 1888 nbsp Parer s Crystal Cafe Bourke St Melbourne 1886References edit a b c d King Stuart Willis Julie 2022 07 05 Mining Boom Styles In Brennan AnnMarie Goad Philip eds Proceedings of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand 33 Gold Proceedings of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand online SAHANZ pp 334 345 ISBN 978 0 646 85443 4 a b MacMahon Bill Sierins Eric 2000 The architecture of East Australia an architectural history in 432 individual presentations Stuttgart Edition Axel Menges p 10 ISBN 9783930698905 OCLC 636811671 a b Bremmer G A ed 2016 Architecture and urbanism in the British Empire Oxford history of the British Empire 1st ed Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 9780198713326 OCLC 938360468 Knapp A Bernard Pigott Vincent C Herbert Eugenia W 1998 Knapp A Bernard Pigott Vincent C Herbert Eugenia W eds Social approaches to an industrial past the archaeology and anthropology of mining 1st ed London Rautledge p 31 ISBN 9780415181501 OCLC 848864777 Freeland J M 1972 Architecture in Australia a history Ringwood Victoria Australia New York N Y U S A Penguin Books Australia Viking Penguin ISBN 9780140211528 OCLC 24010185 a b Boyd Robyn 1987 Australia s home its origins builders and occupiers New M U P ed Carlton Vic Melbourne University Press pp 25 44 ISBN 9780522843583 OCLC 18648524 a b East John W 2022 01 01 Subtropical Aestheticism The Brisbane Architect George Henry Male Addison 1857 1922 and his Work John East retrieved 11 July 2023 a b De Vries Susanna and De Vries Jake 2013 Historic Brisbane Convict Settlement to River City Pandanus Press p 74 ISBN 9781922109804 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Margalit Harry 2019 Australia modern architectures in history Modern architectures in history 1st ed London Reaktion Books pp n p ISBN 9781789141245 OCLC 1120198701 Goad Philip Bingham Hall Patrick 1998 A guide to Melbourne architecture Balmain N S W Watermark Press p 1880 ISBN 9780949284365 OCLC 39443558 Flower Cedric Smith Robyn 1983 The heritage of Australia 2nd ed Ringwood Australia Viking O Neil p 86 ISBN 9780670900060 OCLC 680053649 Zimmer Jenny 1984 Stained glass in Australia 1st ed Melbourne Oxford University Press p 49 ISBN 9780195543698 OCLC 12031913 Albert Street Uniting Church entry 600066 Queensland Heritage Register Queensland Heritage Council Retrieved 10 March 2014 Cliveden Mansions entry 602186 Queensland Heritage Register Queensland Heritage Council Retrieved 10 March 2014 Kirkston entry 600351 Queensland Heritage Register Queensland Heritage Council Retrieved 10 March 2014 Stanley Hall entry 600183 Queensland Heritage Register Queensland Heritage Council Retrieved 10 March 2014 Grubb Ken 2013 Silver Hill The University of Queensland Silver Mine Precinct p 32 East Melbourne Albert Street 070 Burchett East Melbourne Historical Society emhs org au Retrieved 2023 07 11 Hotel Windsor There s life in the old girl yet Sydney Morning Herald 22 September 2009 Retrieved 15 April 2010 Trust will fight 3 wreckings The National Trust has again The Age 27 February 1978 Retrieved 15 April 2010 South Melbourne Town Hall Community Hub Opens Archived from the original on 20 June 2009 Retrieved 15 April 2010 A register of treasures The Age 13 March 1979 Retrieved 15 April 2010 dead link Lalor House Heritage Victoria 18 July 2006 Retrieved 11 July 2023 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Boom style architecture amp oldid 1172139426, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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