Bone-marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) refers to macrophage cells that are generated in a research laboratory from mammalian bone marrow cells.[1][2][3] BMDMs can differentiate into mature macrophages in the presence of growth factors and other signaling molecules.[1][2] Undifferentiated bone marrow cells are cultured in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF; CSF-1).[3] M-CSF is a cytokine and growth factor that is responsible for the proliferation and commitment of myeloidprogenitors into monocytes (which then mature into macrophages).[3][4] Macrophages have a wide variety of functions in the body including phagocytosis of foreign invaders and other cellular debris, releasing cytokines to trigger immune responses, and antigen presentation.[2] BMDMs provide a large homogenous population of macrophages that play an increasingly important role in making macrophage-related research possible and financially feasible.[5]
In order to produce BMDMs, mesenchymal stem cells are removed from the tibia or femur of mice.[6] Since BMDMs are derived from bone marrow, withdrawn cells are healthy and naïve (or unactivated), regardless of the condition of donor mice.[5] After removal, stem-cells are incubated with CSF-1.[6] Without CSF-1, the cells enter an inactive state but can reinitiate growth and differentiation if stimulated later.[6] Mature macrophages and fibroblasts, which may carry unwanted growth factors, are removed.[6] Next, IL-3 and IL-1, two growth factors, are often added to increase yield and promote rapid terminal differentiation.[6] Exogenous media containing growth factors and other serums must also be added to make the cells continually viable.[6] Full growth and differentiation take approximately 5–8 days.[6]
Millions of BMDMs can be derived from one mouse and frozen for years. After being thawed BMDMs can respond to a variety of stimuli such as LPS, IFN-γ, PAMPs, NF-κB, and IRF3.[1][5][7] These signals induce translation of genes that produce cytokines and determine if macrophages are M1 (pro-inflammatory) or M2 (anti-inflammatory).[2] If BMDMs are not frozen, they age and become less viable as CSF-1 and growth factors in their media decreases.[1]
Proliferation of BMDMs can also be inhibited by a number of reagents.[6] For example, growth and differentiation is dependent on CSF-1 and a functional CSF-1 receptor, a member of the tyrosine kinase family.[6] Without a functional CSF-1 receptors, stem cells cannot respond to CSF-1 stimuli and therefore cannot differentiate; interferons can cause a down regulation of the CSF-1 receptor.[6] Additionally, without stimuli like LPS to induce macrophage maturation to M1 or M2, mice accumulate a large pool of monocytes, the precursor cells to macrophages, which are less helpful for macrophage-specific research[6]
Referencesedit
^ abcdBarrett JP, Costello DA, O'Sullivan J, Cowley TR, Lynch MA (April 2015). "Bone marrow-derived macrophages from aged rats are more responsive to inflammatory stimuli". Journal of Neuroinflammation. 12 (1): 67. doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0287-7. PMC4397943. PMID 25890218.
^ abcdLi, Yue; Niu, Shixian; Xi, Dalin; Zhao, Shuqi; Sun, Jiang; Jiang, Yong; Liu, Jinghua (2019). "Differences in Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Inflammatory Response Between Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts and Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages". Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research. 39 (6): 375–382. doi:10.1089/jir.2018.0167. ISSN 1557-7465. PMID 30990360.
^ abcWeischenfeldt J, Porse B (December 2008). "Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages (BMM): Isolation and Applications". Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. 2008 (12): pdb.prot5080. doi:10.1101/pdb.prot5080. PMID 21356739.
^Hamilton, Thomas A.; Zhao, Chenyang; Pavicic, Paul G.; Datta, Shyamasree (2014-11-21). "Myeloid Colony-Stimulating Factors as Regulators of Macrophage Polarization". Frontiers in Immunology. 5: 554. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00554. ISSN 1664-3224. PMC4240161. PMID 25484881.
^ abcMarim, Fernanda M.; Silveira, Tatiana N.; Lima, Djalma S.; Zamboni, Dario S. (2010-12-17). "A method for generation of bone marrow-derived macrophages from cryopreserved mouse bone marrow cells". PLOS ONE. 5 (12): e15263. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...515263M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015263. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC3003694. PMID 21179419.
^ abcdefghijkHume, D. A.; Allan, W.; Fabrus, B.; Weidemann, M. J.; Hapel, A. J.; Bartelmez, S. (1987). "Regulation of proliferation of bone marrow-derived macrophages". Lymphokine Research. 6 (2): 127–139. ISSN 0277-6766. PMID 3035291.
^Oppong-Nonterah, Gertrude O.; Lakhdari, Omar; Yamamura, Asami; Hoffman, Hal M.; Prince, Lawrence S. (2019). "TLR Activation Alters Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage Differentiation". Journal of Innate Immunity. 11 (1): 99–108. doi:10.1159/000494070. ISSN 1662-8128. PMC6296861. PMID 30408777.
April 10, 2024
bone, marrow, derived, macrophage, bone, marrow, derived, macrophage, bmdm, refers, macrophage, cells, that, generated, research, laboratory, from, mammalian, bone, marrow, cells, bmdms, differentiate, into, mature, macrophages, presence, growth, factors, othe. Bone marrow derived macrophage BMDM refers to macrophage cells that are generated in a research laboratory from mammalian bone marrow cells 1 2 3 BMDMs can differentiate into mature macrophages in the presence of growth factors and other signaling molecules 1 2 Undifferentiated bone marrow cells are cultured in the presence of macrophage colony stimulating factor M CSF CSF 1 3 M CSF is a cytokine and growth factor that is responsible for the proliferation and commitment of myeloid progenitors into monocytes which then mature into macrophages 3 4 Macrophages have a wide variety of functions in the body including phagocytosis of foreign invaders and other cellular debris releasing cytokines to trigger immune responses and antigen presentation 2 BMDMs provide a large homogenous population of macrophages that play an increasingly important role in making macrophage related research possible and financially feasible 5 Contents 1 Production 2 ReferencesProduction edit nbsp Schema of in vitro BMDM productionIn order to produce BMDMs mesenchymal stem cells are removed from the tibia or femur of mice 6 Since BMDMs are derived from bone marrow withdrawn cells are healthy and naive or unactivated regardless of the condition of donor mice 5 After removal stem cells are incubated with CSF 1 6 Without CSF 1 the cells enter an inactive state but can reinitiate growth and differentiation if stimulated later 6 Mature macrophages and fibroblasts which may carry unwanted growth factors are removed 6 Next IL 3 and IL 1 two growth factors are often added to increase yield and promote rapid terminal differentiation 6 Exogenous media containing growth factors and other serums must also be added to make the cells continually viable 6 Full growth and differentiation take approximately 5 8 days 6 Millions of BMDMs can be derived from one mouse and frozen for years After being thawed BMDMs can respond to a variety of stimuli such as LPS IFN g PAMPs NF kB and IRF3 1 5 7 These signals induce translation of genes that produce cytokines and determine if macrophages are M1 pro inflammatory or M2 anti inflammatory 2 If BMDMs are not frozen they age and become less viable as CSF 1 and growth factors in their media decreases 1 Proliferation of BMDMs can also be inhibited by a number of reagents 6 For example growth and differentiation is dependent on CSF 1 and a functional CSF 1 receptor a member of the tyrosine kinase family 6 Without a functional CSF 1 receptors stem cells cannot respond to CSF 1 stimuli and therefore cannot differentiate interferons can cause a down regulation of the CSF 1 receptor 6 Additionally without stimuli like LPS to induce macrophage maturation to M1 or M2 mice accumulate a large pool of monocytes the precursor cells to macrophages which are less helpful for macrophage specific research 6 References edit a b c d Barrett JP Costello DA O Sullivan J Cowley TR Lynch MA April 2015 Bone marrow derived macrophages from aged rats are more responsive to inflammatory stimuli Journal of Neuroinflammation 12 1 67 doi 10 1186 s12974 015 0287 7 PMC 4397943 PMID 25890218 a b c d Li Yue Niu Shixian Xi Dalin Zhao Shuqi Sun Jiang Jiang Yong Liu Jinghua 2019 Differences in Lipopolysaccharides Induced Inflammatory Response Between Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts and Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages Journal of Interferon amp Cytokine Research 39 6 375 382 doi 10 1089 jir 2018 0167 ISSN 1557 7465 PMID 30990360 a b c Weischenfeldt J Porse B December 2008 Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages BMM Isolation and Applications Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2008 12 pdb prot5080 doi 10 1101 pdb prot5080 PMID 21356739 Hamilton Thomas A Zhao Chenyang Pavicic Paul G Datta Shyamasree 2014 11 21 Myeloid Colony Stimulating Factors as Regulators of Macrophage Polarization Frontiers in Immunology 5 554 doi 10 3389 fimmu 2014 00554 ISSN 1664 3224 PMC 4240161 PMID 25484881 a b c Marim Fernanda M Silveira Tatiana N Lima Djalma S Zamboni Dario S 2010 12 17 A method for generation of bone marrow derived macrophages from cryopreserved mouse bone marrow cells PLOS ONE 5 12 e15263 Bibcode 2010PLoSO 515263M doi 10 1371 journal pone 0015263 ISSN 1932 6203 PMC 3003694 PMID 21179419 a b c d e f g h i j k Hume D A Allan W Fabrus B Weidemann M J Hapel A J Bartelmez S 1987 Regulation of proliferation of bone marrow derived macrophages Lymphokine Research 6 2 127 139 ISSN 0277 6766 PMID 3035291 Oppong Nonterah Gertrude O Lakhdari Omar Yamamura Asami Hoffman Hal M Prince Lawrence S 2019 TLR Activation Alters Bone Marrow Derived Macrophage Differentiation Journal of Innate Immunity 11 1 99 108 doi 10 1159 000494070 ISSN 1662 8128 PMC 6296861 PMID 30408777 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bone marrow derived macrophage amp oldid 1188058482, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
