The blusher is the common name for several closely related species of the genus Amanita. A. rubescens, or the blushing amanita,[1] is found in Europe and eastern North America, and A. novinupta, also known as the new bride blushing amanita,[1] is found in western North America. Both their scientific and common names are derived from the propensity of their flesh to turn pink upon bruising or cutting.
The mushroom is edible and tasty, sought for in several European countries. It may however easily be confused with the potentially deadly panther cap by inexperienced foragers, and guides advise extreme caution when collecting this species. Blushers can be distinguished from similar species by the pink or reddish colouration that appears when the mushroom is damaged, typically most visible at the base of the stipe from insect damage.
The European blusher has a reddish-brown convex pileus (cap), that is 5–15 centimetres (2–6 inches) across, and strewn with small white-to-mahogany warts.[2] It is sometimes covered with an ochre-yellow flush which can be washed by the rain. The flesh of the mushroom is white, becoming pink when bruised or exposed to air. This is a key feature in differentiating it from the poisonous false blusher or panther cap (Amanita pantherina), whose flesh does not. The stipe (stem) is white with flushes of the cap colour, and grows to 5–15 cm.[2] The gills are white and free of the stem, and display red spots when damaged. The ring is striate (i.e. has ridges) on its upper side, another feature distinguishing it from A. pantherina. The spores are white, ovate, amyloid,[2] and approximately 8 by 5 μm in size.
The flavour of the uncooked flesh is mild, but has a faint acrid aftertaste. The smell is not strong.
Amanita 'amerirubescens'
Underside of Amanita 'amerirubescens'
Mushrooms at various ages
A. rubescens
A. rubescens f. anulo sulphureus
A. rubescens cap
Illustration of A. rubescens group
Taxonomyedit
The true species may be native to Europe, with related species being confused for it in other regions. Western North America's A. novinupta has a whitish cap and blushes pink.[3]
Other closely related species include Amanita brunneolocularis, A. orsonii, A. rubescens var. alba, and A. rubescens var. congolensis.[4]
Distribution and habitatedit
A. rubescens
It is common throughout much of Europe and eastern North America. (In the latter region there are at least three different species that fit into the name A. amerirubescens) It grows on poor soils as well as in deciduous and coniferous woodlands, appearing from June through to November in the UK. It has also been recorded from South Africa, where it is thought to have been accidentally introduced with trees imported from Europe.[5] It has also been recorded from Asia.[6]
In eastern North America, A. rubescens is frequently parasitized by Hypomyces hyalinus. Parasitized fruiting bodies are extremely difficult to recognize unless they occur in conjunction with healthy ones, although some retain the "blushing" characteristic of the species.[7]
A. rubescens is edible when cooked.[8]A. rubescens contains a toxic hemolytic protein in its raw state, although it is not apparently harmful to consume and can be destroyed by cooking.[3]
^. Archived from the original on 2006-12-07. Retrieved 2007-01-06.
^Reid DA, Eicker A (1991). "South African fungi: the genus Amanita" (PDF). Mycological Research. 95: 80–95. doi:10.1016/S0953-7562(09)81364-6. Retrieved 2007-11-13.
^Asef M.R. (2020). Field guide of Mushrooms of Iran. Tehran: Iran-Shanasi Press. p. 360. ISBN9786008351429.
^Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 28. ISBN978-1-55407-651-2.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amanita rubescens.
"Tabular and Nontabular Keys to the Rubescent Species of Amanita section Validae" by Rodham E. Tulloss, March 10, 2003.
Amanita rubescensedit
"Amanita rubescens" by Michael Kuo, MushroomExpert.Com, March 2003.
by Rodham E. Tulloss, June 25, 2006.
Amanita novinuptaedit
"Amanita novinupta" by Michael Kuo, MushroomExpert.Com, March 2003.
by Rodham E. Tulloss, July 25, 2006.
"Amanita novinupta" by Michael Wood & Fred Stevens, MykoWeb, 2004. And will
Other speciesedit
by Rodham E. Tulloss, October 6, 2006.
by Rodham E. Tulloss, July 25, 2006.
"Amanita flavorubescens" by Michael Kuo, MushroomExpert.Com, September 2002.
by Rodham E. Tulloss, July 25, 2006.
by Rodham E. Tulloss, July 25, 2006.
by Rodham E. Tulloss, July 25, 2006.
January 01, 1970
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For the cosmetics product see Rouge cosmetics The blusher is the common name for several closely related species of the genus Amanita A rubescens or the blushing amanita 1 is found in Europe and eastern North America and A novinupta also known as the new bride blushing amanita 1 is found in western North America Both their scientific and common names are derived from the propensity of their flesh to turn pink upon bruising or cutting Blusher Amanita rubescens near Piacenza Italy Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Fungi Division Basidiomycota Class Agaricomycetes Order Agaricales Family Amanitaceae Genus Amanita Species A rubescens Binomial name Amanita rubescens Pers ex Fr Gray Amanita rubescensMycological characteristicsGills on hymeniumCap is flatHymenium is freeStipe has a ringSpore print is whiteEcology is mycorrhizalEdibility is edible but not recommended The mushroom is edible and tasty sought for in several European countries It may however easily be confused with the potentially deadly panther cap by inexperienced foragers and guides advise extreme caution when collecting this species Blushers can be distinguished from similar species by the pink or reddish colouration that appears when the mushroom is damaged typically most visible at the base of the stipe from insect damage Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Ecology 5 Uses 6 See also 7 References 8 External links 8 1 Amanita rubescens 8 2 Amanita novinupta 8 3 Other speciesDescription editThe European blusher has a reddish brown convex pileus cap that is 5 15 centimetres 2 6 inches across and strewn with small white to mahogany warts 2 It is sometimes covered with an ochre yellow flush which can be washed by the rain The flesh of the mushroom is white becoming pink when bruised or exposed to air This is a key feature in differentiating it from the poisonous false blusher or panther cap Amanita pantherina whose flesh does not The stipe stem is white with flushes of the cap colour and grows to 5 15 cm 2 The gills are white and free of the stem and display red spots when damaged The ring is striate i e has ridges on its upper side another feature distinguishing it from A pantherina The spores are white ovate amyloid 2 and approximately 8 by 5 mm in size The flavour of the uncooked flesh is mild but has a faint acrid aftertaste The smell is not strong nbsp Amanita amerirubescens nbsp Underside of Amanita amerirubescens nbsp Mushrooms at various ages nbsp A rubescens nbsp A rubescens f anulo sulphureus nbsp A rubescens cap nbsp Illustration of A rubescens groupTaxonomy editThe true species may be native to Europe with related species being confused for it in other regions Western North America s A novinupta has a whitish cap and blushes pink 3 Other closely related species include Amanita brunneolocularis A orsonii A rubescens var alba and A rubescens var congolensis 4 Distribution and habitat edit nbsp A rubescens It is common throughout much of Europe and eastern North America In the latter region there are at least three different species that fit into the name A amerirubescens It grows on poor soils as well as in deciduous and coniferous woodlands appearing from June through to November in the UK It has also been recorded from South Africa where it is thought to have been accidentally introduced with trees imported from Europe 5 It has also been recorded from Asia 6 In eastern North America A rubescens is frequently parasitized by Hypomyces hyalinus Parasitized fruiting bodies are extremely difficult to recognize unless they occur in conjunction with healthy ones although some retain the blushing characteristic of the species 7 Ecology editThe mushroom is often attacked by insects citation needed Uses editA rubescens is edible when cooked 8 A rubescens contains a toxic hemolytic protein in its raw state although it is not apparently harmful to consume and can be destroyed by cooking 3 See also edit nbsp Fungi portal List of Amanita speciesReferences edit a b Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada National General Status Working Group 2020 a b c Davis R Michael Sommer Robert Menge John A 2012 Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America Berkeley University of California Press pp 73 74 ISBN 978 0 520 95360 4 OCLC 797915861 a b Roberts Peter Evans Shelley The Book of Fungi University of Chicago Press p 57 ISBN 0 226 72117 5 Amanita brunneolocularis Tulloss Ovrebo and Halling Archived from the original on 2006 12 07 Retrieved 2007 01 06 Reid DA Eicker A 1991 South African fungi the genus Amanita PDF Mycological Research 95 80 95 doi 10 1016 S0953 7562 09 81364 6 Retrieved 2007 11 13 Asef M R 2020 Field guide of Mushrooms of Iran Tehran Iran Shanasi Press p 360 ISBN 9786008351429 Michael Kuo Hypomyces hyalinus MushroomExpert com Oct 2003 Phillips Roger 2010 Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America Buffalo NY Firefly Books p 28 ISBN 978 1 55407 651 2 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amanita rubescens Tabular and Nontabular Keys to the Rubescent Species of Amanita section Validae by Rodham E Tulloss March 10 2003 Amanita rubescens edit Amanita rubescens by Michael Kuo MushroomExpert Com March 2003 Amanita rubescens Pers Fr by Rodham E Tulloss June 25 2006 Amanita novinupta edit Amanita novinupta by Michael Kuo MushroomExpert Com March 2003 Amanita novinupta Tulloss amp J Lindgr by Rodham E Tulloss July 25 2006 Amanita novinupta by Michael Wood amp Fred Stevens MykoWeb 2004 And will Other species edit Amanita brunneolocularis Tulloss Ovrebo amp Halling by Rodham E Tulloss October 6 2006 Amanita flavorubens Berk amp Mont Sacc by Rodham E Tulloss July 25 2006 Amanita flavorubescens by Michael Kuo MushroomExpert Com September 2002 Amanita orsonii A Kumar amp T N Lakh by Rodham E Tulloss July 25 2006 Amanita rubescens var alba Coker by Rodham E Tulloss July 25 2006 Amanita rubescens var congolensis Beeli by Rodham E Tulloss July 25 2006 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Blusher amp oldid 1220444272, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
