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Black Mesa (Oklahoma, Colorado, New Mexico)

Black Mesa is a mesa located in an area covering parts of the U.S. states of Colorado, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. It extends from Mesa de Maya, Colorado southeasterly 28 miles (45 km) crossing into the northeast corner of New Mexico, and ending in the Oklahoma panhandle along the north bank of the Cimarron River at its confluence with the North Carrizo Creek near Kenton. Its highest elevation is 5,705 feet (1,739 m) in Colorado.[1] The highest point of Black Mesa within New Mexico is 5,239 feet (1,597 m).[2] In northwestern Cimarron County, Oklahoma, Black Mesa reaches 4,973 feet (1,516 m), the highest point in the state of Oklahoma.[2] The plateau that formed at the top of the mesa has been known as a "geological wonder" of North America.[3] There is abundant wildlife in this shortgrass prairie environment, including mountain lions, butterflies, and the Texas horned lizard. (In Colorado, Black Mesa also refers to a summit in Gunnison County[4] and a mountain pass in Dolores County.)[5]

Black Mesa
Black Mesa, highest point in Oklahoma
Highest point
Elevation4,973 ft (1,516 m)[1]
ListingU.S. state high point 23rd
Coordinates36°55′55″N 102°59′52″W / 36.93188°N 102.99785°W / 36.93188; -102.99785[1]
Geography
Black Mesa
Black Mesa
Black Mesa (the United States)
Topo mapUSGS Jacks Gap
Geology
Mountain typeMesa
Climbing
Easiest routeHike

History edit

The plateau has been home to Plains Indians.[6]

In the late-nineteenth and early twentieth century the area was a hideout for outlaws such as William Coe and Black Jack Ketchum. The outlaws built a fort known as the Robbers' Roost. The stone fort housed a blacksmith shop, gun ports, and a piano. The present-day Oklahoma Panhandle area, which was then considered a no man's land, lacked law enforcement agencies and hence the outlaws found it safe to hide in the region. However, as new settlers arrived in the area for copper and coal mining and also for cattle ranching activities by grazing cattle in the mesa region, law enforcement became more effective, and the outlaws were brought under control.[3] In more recent times, at least one person has claimed to have been abducted by extraterrestrial aliens at Black Mesa.[7]

Geography edit

The Mesa is situated in Cimarron County in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The Black Mesa plateau is part of the Rocky Mountains and the shortgrass prairie.[3] Some features include the Old Maid Rock,[8] and Devil's Tombstone.[9] The mesa's base includes a 200-foot (61 m) escarpment which is parallel with the Dry Cimarron River's north bank.[10] Its highest elevation is 5,705 feet (1,739 m) in Colorado.[1] The highest point of Black Mesa within New Mexico is 5,239 feet (1,597 m).[2] In northwestern Cimarron County, Oklahoma, Black Mesa reaches 4,973 feet (1,516 m), the highest point in the state of Oklahoma.[2]

A hiking trail of 4.2 miles (6.8 km) leads from the preserve to the summit which rises about 800 feet (240 m) above the level of the surrounding plains,[11] the Nature Conservancy recommends four hours minimum for a round trip; overnight camping is not permitted.[12]

The mesa's highest point within Oklahoma is marked by a granite obelisk, and a visitors' log.[13]

 
Topographical map of Black Mesa in Oklahoma, New Mexico and part of Colorado, with highlighted meter elevation elevation contour

Climate edit

Black Mesa is not only the highest point in Oklahoma but it is also the driest, harshest and coldest place in the state.[14] A nearby weather station is located in Kenton.

Climate data for Kenton, Oklahoma (Elevation 4,330ft)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 83
(28)
86
(30)
89
(32)
97
(36)
102
(39)
109
(43)
108
(42)
108
(42)
107
(42)
99
(37)
89
(32)
84
(29)
109
(43)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 50.4
(10.2)
55.1
(12.8)
62.3
(16.8)
70.3
(21.3)
78.8
(26.0)
88.6
(31.4)
92.6
(33.7)
89.9
(32.2)
83.8
(28.8)
73.5
(23.1)
59.7
(15.4)
51.3
(10.7)
71.4
(21.9)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 19.7
(−6.8)
23.8
(−4.6)
31.0
(−0.6)
38.7
(3.7)
48.5
(9.2)
57.8
(14.3)
63.1
(17.3)
61.5
(16.4)
53.7
(12.1)
40.6
(4.8)
29.0
(−1.7)
21.6
(−5.8)
40.8
(4.9)
Record low °F (°C) −23
(−31)
−19
(−28)
−18
(−28)
13
(−11)
27
(−3)
39
(4)
47
(8)
44
(7)
27
(−3)
6
(−14)
−15
(−26)
−17
(−27)
−23
(−31)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.40
(10)
0.33
(8.4)
0.96
(24)
1.48
(38)
2.47
(63)
2.18
(55)
3.10
(79)
2.67
(68)
1.58
(40)
0.99
(25)
0.67
(17)
0.35
(8.9)
17.18
(436.3)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 4.9
(12)
3.6
(9.1)
6.4
(16)
1.3
(3.3)
0.2
(0.51)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0.2
(0.51)
0.5
(1.3)
2.8
(7.1)
4.1
(10)
24
(59.82)
Source: NOAA[15]

Geology edit

The visual and map view appearance of Black Mesa is as an "inverted valley" because erosion has removed the relatively soft sedimentary strata from either side of the resistant Raton basalt of the lava which originally had occupied and filled a river valley. The mesa is capped by erosion-resistant basaltic lava formed by a volcanic eruption 3 to 5 million years ago. The lava erupted from a vent in the Raton-Clayton volcanic field in northeastern New Mexico and southeastern Colorado. The volcanic cap to the mesa is 600 feet (180 m) thick, 55 miles (89 km) long and from 0.5 miles to 8 miles wide, which is 65 miles (105 km) to the north-northwest of Oklahoma.[3] The erupting lava filled a stream channel in the Pliocene age Ogallala Formation. During the years since the eruption, the adjacent rock of the Ogallala and older formations have been removed leaving the valley-filling basalt perched atop a long ridge. Strata exposed along the mesa below the basalt and Ogallala include the Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone and the Jurassic Morrison Formation.[16]

Beginning in 1935, geologists and paleontologists have searched the mesa's outcroppings, finding dinosaur fossils in the Jurassic and Triassic strata. A large quantity of dinosaur bones has been recovered from the Black Mesa locale; totaling over eighteen tonnes. These remains were split between several species, including stegosaurus, camptosaurus, diplodocus, and edmontosaurus. Clear fossil physical evidence, a distinct line of footprints believed to have been made by an allosaurus, has been found juxtaposed with the Carrizo Creek, which runs around the modern-day northern edge of the mesa.[3]

Protected area edit

View from the summit

The mesa lies in the protected area known as the Black Mesa Nature Preserve which was established in 1991, covering 1,600 acres (6.5 km2). The preserve protects 60% of the area of the mesa peak. The peak is accessible along an 8-mile-long (13 km) trail.[3]

Apart from the nature reserve, there is also the Black Mesa State Park encompassing 549 acres (2.22 km2), with a 200 acres (0.81 km2) lake known as Lake Carl Etling. The park is a recreational area with many facilities for camping, hiking and many other outdoor activities. The park is about 15 miles away from the peak.[3]

Wildlife edit

The flora and fauna and terrain of Black Mesa are unique in Oklahoma, more typical of the semi-arid grasslands and rocky buttes of eastern Colorado and New Mexico. Many species reach their easternmost or westernmost limits of their ranges here.[17]

Black Mesa Nature Preserve in particular covers around 60% of the flat portion of the mesa in Oklahoma.[12] Wildlife reported in the park and the reserve are golden eagles, piñon jays, red-tailed hawks, and mule deer, part from a bird area for bird watchers.[3]

Flora edit

The vegetation of the preserve is mostly shortgrass prairie with scattered juniper trees and Cholla cactus. The summit plateau is vegetatively classified as a "Bluestem-grama shortgrass community". The preserve contains 23 plant species listed by the state as "rare".

Fauna edit

 
The prairie rattlesnake is well adapted to Black Mesa's dry environment.

The indigenous top predator is the mountain lion; its cousin, the smaller bobcat, is also present. The more omnivorous American black bear is present, along with a variety of prey species including bighorn sheep, mule deer, and pronghorn.[18] Eight native species of animal are state-level designated as "rare".[12] Two lagomorphs are present, the eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), and the black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus).[18] Other mammals include the dog-like coyote,[18] as well as the much smaller prairie dog and a species of badger.[14]

Nine snake species are found in this arid environment, the plains hog-nosed snake, western coachwhip, bullsnake, longnose snake, plains blackhead snake, blackneck garter snake, plains garter snake, lined snake, and prairie rattlesnake. The broad-headed skink, prairie racerunner, red-lipped plateau lizard, northern earless lizard, eastern collared lizard, and Texas horned lizard are also indigenous to the area. Two types of turtle, the ornate box turtle and the yellow mud turtle have been found in the Black Mesa preserve. Only one frog is found in this desert habitat, the American bullfrog, but there are six other species of amphibians; the Great Plains narrowmouth toad, New Mexico spadefoot, plains spadefoot, Woodhouse's toad, red-spotted toad, and the western green toad, all toads.[19]

Birds are common, and there are 59 species present during at least some years. Seven different raptors are found, the turkey vulture, American kestrel, golden eagle, ferruginous hawk, red-tailed hawk, Mississippi kite, and the prairie falcon, all of which are classed as being of least concern according to the IUCN. There is one other bird of prey, the western screech-owl. There are no waterfowl found on Black Mesa. The mourning dove, greater roadrunner, common nighthawk, common poorwill, ladder-backed woodpecker, red-shafted flicker, olive-sided flycatcher, Say's phoebe, ash-throated flycatcher, Cassin's kingbird, and western kingbird are also found. There are five corvids; the black-billed magpie, pinyon jay, American crow, and common raven, as well as the more local Chihuahuan raven.[20]

 
Papilio polyxenes, the state butterfly of Oklahoma, is found on Black Mesa.

61 species of butterfly are found in the preserve,[21] including seventeen skippers, three swallowtails, four hairstreaks, a copper, four whites, nine true brushfoots, two satyrs, and a leafwing.[21]

There are 91 species of moths on Black Mesa. No species of fish are found on Black Mesa.[22]

Culture edit

A permanent exhibit in the Sam Noble Museum is a diorama of the Black Mesa. It covers 2,000 square feet (190 m2) and is housed in the Hall of Natural Wonders. Funds for its creation were provided by the Whitten-Newman Foundation.[14] The diorama is touchscreen computerized and interactive and is set within the boundaries of the mesa. It is a replication of the real shape and form of the mesa and is modeled to a suitable scale which brings out the short-grass prairie habitat next to a rivulet. Stuffed and mounted animals on display are the ones found in the mesa, including eagle, vulture, mule deer, pronghorn antelope, mountain lion, prairie dog, jackrabbit and badger. An ephemeral lake is also on display in a cross section format.[14] Star gazers gather each October near Black Mesa for the annual Okie-Tex Star Party.[23]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d "Black Mesa, CO". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  2. ^ a b c d "Black Mesa, NM". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Lewis, Tom; Richter, Sarah Jan. "Black Mesa". Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Oklahoma Historical Society. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  4. ^ "Colorado Gazetteer". Home town locator. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
  5. ^ "Black Mesa". dangerousroads. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
  6. ^ Reader's Digest (2003). Off the Beaten Path: A Travel Guide to More Than 1,000 Scenic and Interesting Places Still Uncrowded and Inviting. Reader's Digest Association. pp. 270–. ISBN 978-0-7621-0424-6.
  7. ^ "Abducted By UFOs! Sooners Report Close Encounters". NewsOK.com. January 23, 1994. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  8. ^ Richter, Sara Jane (July 2011). The Oklahoma Panhandle. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 28–. ISBN 978-0-7385-8295-5.
  9. ^ Capace, Nancy (March 1, 1999). Encyclopedia of Oklahoma. North American Book Dist LLC. pp. 130–. ISBN 978-0-403-09837-8.
  10. ^ Hoppe, Bruce (February 1, 2006). Don't Let All the Pretty Days Get by. Back-To-One Books. pp. 70–. ISBN 978-0-9777611-0-4.
  11. ^ "Oklahoma High Point - Black Mesa - Kenton OK". Retrieved December 12, 2011.
  12. ^ a b c "Oklahoma:Black Mesa Nature Preserve". The Nature Conservancy. Retrieved May 27, 2013.
  13. ^ "Black Mesa (Oklahoma) – Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering". Mountain Forecast.Com. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
  14. ^ a b c d . Sam Noble Museum: The University of Oklahoma. Archived from the original on August 8, 2013. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
  15. ^ NOAA. Retrieved 20 February 2011[permanent dead link]
  16. ^ "Suneson and Luza, A Field Trip Guide to the Geology of the Black Mesa State Park Area, Cimarron County OK" (pdf). Oklahoma Geological Survey. 1999. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
  17. ^ "Black Mesa Nature Preserve," The Nature Conservancy, [1], accessed 25 May 2019
  18. ^ a b c "Checklist of Oklahoma Preserve Mammal Species" (PDF). The Nature Conservancy. July 3, 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2013.
  19. ^ "Checklist of Oklahoma Preserve Reptile & Amphibian Species" (PDF). The Nature Conservancy. July 3, 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2013.
  20. ^ "Checklist of Oklahoma Preserve Bird Species" (PDF). The Nature Conservancy. July 3, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  21. ^ a b "Checklist of Oklahoma Preserve Butterfly Species" (PDF). The Nature Conservancy. July 3, 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2013.
  22. ^ "Checklist of Oklahoma Preserve Fish Species" (PDF). The Nature Conservancy. July 3, 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2013.
  23. ^ Richter, p. 34

External links edit

  • Black Mesa State Park & Nature Preserve
  • TopoQuest map of Black Mesa State Park
  • Black Mesa trip report

black, mesa, oklahoma, colorado, mexico, summits, colorado, mexico, same, name, black, mesa, summit, fictional, half, life, location, mexico, black, mesa, research, facility, black, mesa, mesa, located, area, covering, parts, states, colorado, mexico, oklahoma. For summits in Colorado and New Mexico of the same name see Black Mesa summit For the fictional Half Life location in New Mexico see Black Mesa Research Facility Black Mesa is a mesa located in an area covering parts of the U S states of Colorado New Mexico and Oklahoma It extends from Mesa de Maya Colorado southeasterly 28 miles 45 km crossing into the northeast corner of New Mexico and ending in the Oklahoma panhandle along the north bank of the Cimarron River at its confluence with the North Carrizo Creek near Kenton Its highest elevation is 5 705 feet 1 739 m in Colorado 1 The highest point of Black Mesa within New Mexico is 5 239 feet 1 597 m 2 In northwestern Cimarron County Oklahoma Black Mesa reaches 4 973 feet 1 516 m the highest point in the state of Oklahoma 2 The plateau that formed at the top of the mesa has been known as a geological wonder of North America 3 There is abundant wildlife in this shortgrass prairie environment including mountain lions butterflies and the Texas horned lizard In Colorado Black Mesa also refers to a summit in Gunnison County 4 and a mountain pass in Dolores County 5 Black MesaBlack Mesa highest point in OklahomaHighest pointElevation4 973 ft 1 516 m 1 ListingU S state high point 23rdCoordinates36 55 55 N 102 59 52 W 36 93188 N 102 99785 W 36 93188 102 99785 1 GeographyBlack MesaColorado New Mexico Oklahoma U S Show map of OklahomaBlack MesaBlack Mesa the United States Show map of the United StatesTopo mapUSGS Jacks GapGeologyMountain typeMesaClimbingEasiest routeHike Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Climate 4 Geology 5 Protected area 6 Wildlife 6 1 Flora 6 2 Fauna 7 Culture 8 References 9 External linksHistory editThe plateau has been home to Plains Indians 6 In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century the area was a hideout for outlaws such as William Coe and Black Jack Ketchum The outlaws built a fort known as the Robbers Roost The stone fort housed a blacksmith shop gun ports and a piano The present day Oklahoma Panhandle area which was then considered a no man s land lacked law enforcement agencies and hence the outlaws found it safe to hide in the region However as new settlers arrived in the area for copper and coal mining and also for cattle ranching activities by grazing cattle in the mesa region law enforcement became more effective and the outlaws were brought under control 3 In more recent times at least one person has claimed to have been abducted by extraterrestrial aliens at Black Mesa 7 Geography editThe Mesa is situated in Cimarron County in the Oklahoma Panhandle The Black Mesa plateau is part of the Rocky Mountains and the shortgrass prairie 3 Some features include the Old Maid Rock 8 and Devil s Tombstone 9 The mesa s base includes a 200 foot 61 m escarpment which is parallel with the Dry Cimarron River s north bank 10 Its highest elevation is 5 705 feet 1 739 m in Colorado 1 The highest point of Black Mesa within New Mexico is 5 239 feet 1 597 m 2 In northwestern Cimarron County Oklahoma Black Mesa reaches 4 973 feet 1 516 m the highest point in the state of Oklahoma 2 A hiking trail of 4 2 miles 6 8 km leads from the preserve to the summit which rises about 800 feet 240 m above the level of the surrounding plains 11 the Nature Conservancy recommends four hours minimum for a round trip overnight camping is not permitted 12 The mesa s highest point within Oklahoma is marked by a granite obelisk and a visitors log 13 nbsp Topographical map of Black Mesa in Oklahoma New Mexico and part of Colorado with highlighted meter elevation elevation contourClimate editBlack Mesa is not only the highest point in Oklahoma but it is also the driest harshest and coldest place in the state 14 A nearby weather station is located in Kenton Climate data for Kenton Oklahoma Elevation 4 330ft Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high F C 83 28 86 30 89 32 97 36 102 39 109 43 108 42 108 42 107 42 99 37 89 32 84 29 109 43 Mean daily maximum F C 50 4 10 2 55 1 12 8 62 3 16 8 70 3 21 3 78 8 26 0 88 6 31 4 92 6 33 7 89 9 32 2 83 8 28 8 73 5 23 1 59 7 15 4 51 3 10 7 71 4 21 9 Mean daily minimum F C 19 7 6 8 23 8 4 6 31 0 0 6 38 7 3 7 48 5 9 2 57 8 14 3 63 1 17 3 61 5 16 4 53 7 12 1 40 6 4 8 29 0 1 7 21 6 5 8 40 8 4 9 Record low F C 23 31 19 28 18 28 13 11 27 3 39 4 47 8 44 7 27 3 6 14 15 26 17 27 23 31 Average precipitation inches mm 0 40 10 0 33 8 4 0 96 24 1 48 38 2 47 63 2 18 55 3 10 79 2 67 68 1 58 40 0 99 25 0 67 17 0 35 8 9 17 18 436 3 Average snowfall inches cm 4 9 12 3 6 9 1 6 4 16 1 3 3 3 0 2 0 51 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 51 0 5 1 3 2 8 7 1 4 1 10 24 59 82 Source NOAA 15 Geology editThe visual and map view appearance of Black Mesa is as an inverted valley because erosion has removed the relatively soft sedimentary strata from either side of the resistant Raton basalt of the lava which originally had occupied and filled a river valley The mesa is capped by erosion resistant basaltic lava formed by a volcanic eruption 3 to 5 million years ago The lava erupted from a vent in the Raton Clayton volcanic field in northeastern New Mexico and southeastern Colorado The volcanic cap to the mesa is 600 feet 180 m thick 55 miles 89 km long and from 0 5 miles to 8 miles wide which is 65 miles 105 km to the north northwest of Oklahoma 3 The erupting lava filled a stream channel in the Pliocene age Ogallala Formation During the years since the eruption the adjacent rock of the Ogallala and older formations have been removed leaving the valley filling basalt perched atop a long ridge Strata exposed along the mesa below the basalt and Ogallala include the Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone and the Jurassic Morrison Formation 16 Beginning in 1935 geologists and paleontologists have searched the mesa s outcroppings finding dinosaur fossils in the Jurassic and Triassic strata A large quantity of dinosaur bones has been recovered from the Black Mesa locale totaling over eighteen tonnes These remains were split between several species including stegosaurus camptosaurus diplodocus and edmontosaurus Clear fossil physical evidence a distinct line of footprints believed to have been made by an allosaurus has been found juxtaposed with the Carrizo Creek which runs around the modern day northern edge of the mesa 3 Protected area edit source source source source source source View from the summitThe mesa lies in the protected area known as the Black Mesa Nature Preserve which was established in 1991 covering 1 600 acres 6 5 km2 The preserve protects 60 of the area of the mesa peak The peak is accessible along an 8 mile long 13 km trail 3 Apart from the nature reserve there is also the Black Mesa State Park encompassing 549 acres 2 22 km2 with a 200 acres 0 81 km2 lake known as Lake Carl Etling The park is a recreational area with many facilities for camping hiking and many other outdoor activities The park is about 15 miles away from the peak 3 Wildlife editThe flora and fauna and terrain of Black Mesa are unique in Oklahoma more typical of the semi arid grasslands and rocky buttes of eastern Colorado and New Mexico Many species reach their easternmost or westernmost limits of their ranges here 17 Black Mesa Nature Preserve in particular covers around 60 of the flat portion of the mesa in Oklahoma 12 Wildlife reported in the park and the reserve are golden eagles pinon jays red tailed hawks and mule deer part from a bird area for bird watchers 3 Flora edit The vegetation of the preserve is mostly shortgrass prairie with scattered juniper trees and Cholla cactus The summit plateau is vegetatively classified as a Bluestem grama shortgrass community The preserve contains 23 plant species listed by the state as rare Fauna edit nbsp The prairie rattlesnake is well adapted to Black Mesa s dry environment The indigenous top predator is the mountain lion its cousin the smaller bobcat is also present The more omnivorous American black bear is present along with a variety of prey species including bighorn sheep mule deer and pronghorn 18 Eight native species of animal are state level designated as rare 12 Two lagomorphs are present the eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus and the black tailed jackrabbit Lepus californicus 18 Other mammals include the dog like coyote 18 as well as the much smaller prairie dog and a species of badger 14 Nine snake species are found in this arid environment the plains hog nosed snake western coachwhip bullsnake longnose snake plains blackhead snake blackneck garter snake plains garter snake lined snake and prairie rattlesnake The broad headed skink prairie racerunner red lipped plateau lizard northern earless lizard eastern collared lizard and Texas horned lizard are also indigenous to the area Two types of turtle the ornate box turtle and the yellow mud turtle have been found in the Black Mesa preserve Only one frog is found in this desert habitat the American bullfrog but there are six other species of amphibians the Great Plains narrowmouth toad New Mexico spadefoot plains spadefoot Woodhouse s toad red spotted toad and the western green toad all toads 19 Birds are common and there are 59 species present during at least some years Seven different raptors are found the turkey vulture American kestrel golden eagle ferruginous hawk red tailed hawk Mississippi kite and the prairie falcon all of which are classed as being of least concern according to the IUCN There is one other bird of prey the western screech owl There are no waterfowl found on Black Mesa The mourning dove greater roadrunner common nighthawk common poorwill ladder backed woodpecker red shafted flicker olive sided flycatcher Say s phoebe ash throated flycatcher Cassin s kingbird and western kingbird are also found There are five corvids the black billed magpie pinyon jay American crow and common raven as well as the more local Chihuahuan raven 20 nbsp Papilio polyxenes the state butterfly of Oklahoma is found on Black Mesa 61 species of butterfly are found in the preserve 21 including seventeen skippers three swallowtails four hairstreaks a copper four whites nine true brushfoots two satyrs and a leafwing 21 There are 91 species of moths on Black Mesa No species of fish are found on Black Mesa 22 Culture editA permanent exhibit in the Sam Noble Museum is a diorama of the Black Mesa It covers 2 000 square feet 190 m2 and is housed in the Hall of Natural Wonders Funds for its creation were provided by the Whitten Newman Foundation 14 The diorama is touchscreen computerized and interactive and is set within the boundaries of the mesa It is a replication of the real shape and form of the mesa and is modeled to a suitable scale which brings out the short grass prairie habitat next to a rivulet Stuffed and mounted animals on display are the ones found in the mesa including eagle vulture mule deer pronghorn antelope mountain lion prairie dog jackrabbit and badger An ephemeral lake is also on display in a cross section format 14 Star gazers gather each October near Black Mesa for the annual Okie Tex Star Party 23 References edit a b c d Black Mesa CO Geographic Names Information System United States Geological Survey United States Department of the Interior a b c d Black Mesa NM Geographic Names Information System United States Geological Survey United States Department of the Interior a b c d e f g h Lewis Tom Richter Sarah Jan Black Mesa Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture Oklahoma Historical Society Retrieved June 30 2015 Colorado Gazetteer Home town locator Retrieved September 26 2023 Black Mesa dangerousroads Retrieved September 26 2023 Reader s Digest 2003 Off the Beaten Path A Travel Guide to More Than 1 000 Scenic and Interesting Places Still Uncrowded and Inviting Reader s Digest Association pp 270 ISBN 978 0 7621 0424 6 Abducted By UFOs Sooners Report Close Encounters NewsOK com January 23 1994 Retrieved October 17 2017 Richter Sara Jane July 2011 The Oklahoma Panhandle Arcadia Publishing pp 28 ISBN 978 0 7385 8295 5 Capace Nancy March 1 1999 Encyclopedia of Oklahoma North American Book Dist LLC pp 130 ISBN 978 0 403 09837 8 Hoppe Bruce February 1 2006 Don t Let All the Pretty Days Get by Back To One Books pp 70 ISBN 978 0 9777611 0 4 Oklahoma High Point Black Mesa Kenton OK Retrieved December 12 2011 a b c Oklahoma Black Mesa Nature Preserve The Nature Conservancy Retrieved May 27 2013 Black Mesa Oklahoma Climbing Hiking amp Mountaineering Mountain Forecast Com Retrieved May 28 2014 a b c d Black Mesa Sam Noble Museum The University of Oklahoma Archived from the original on August 8 2013 Retrieved May 28 2013 NOAA Retrieved 20 February 2011 permanent dead link Suneson and Luza A Field Trip Guide to the Geology of the Black Mesa State Park Area Cimarron County OK pdf Oklahoma Geological Survey 1999 Retrieved May 26 2013 Black Mesa Nature Preserve The Nature Conservancy 1 accessed 25 May 2019 a b c Checklist of Oklahoma Preserve Mammal Species PDF The Nature Conservancy July 3 2011 Retrieved May 27 2013 Checklist of Oklahoma Preserve Reptile amp Amphibian Species PDF The Nature Conservancy July 3 2011 Retrieved May 27 2013 Checklist of Oklahoma Preserve Bird Species PDF The Nature Conservancy July 3 2011 Retrieved May 30 2013 a b Checklist of Oklahoma Preserve Butterfly Species PDF The Nature Conservancy July 3 2011 Retrieved May 27 2013 Checklist of Oklahoma Preserve Fish Species PDF The Nature Conservancy July 3 2011 Retrieved May 27 2013 Richter p 34External links edit nbsp Oklahoma portal nbsp Mountains portalBlack Mesa at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Definitions from Wiktionary nbsp Media from Commons nbsp News from Wikinews nbsp Quotations from Wikiquote nbsp Texts from Wikisource nbsp Textbooks from Wikibooks nbsp Resources from Wikiversity Black Mesa State Park amp Nature Preserve TopoQuest map of Black Mesa State Park Black Mesa trip report Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Black Mesa Oklahoma Colorado New Mexico amp oldid 1211690192, 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