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Björn Höcke

April 11, 2024

Björn Höcke (born 1 April 1972) is a German politician and a member of Alternative für Deutschland (AfD). Along with Andreas Kalbitz, Höcke was the leader of the AfD's far-right Der Flügel faction, which the German government's Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution declared a right-wing extremist organization.[1][2]

Björn Höcke
Björn Höcke in 2019
Leader of Alternative für Deutschland in Thuringia
Assumed office
February 2013
Preceded byOffice established
Member of the Landtag of Thuringia
Assumed office
5 December 2014
Personal details
Born1 April 1972 (age 51)
Lünen, West Germany
Political partyAfD (2013–present)
Children4

Early life and education edit

Björn Höcke was born in Lünen, Westphalia. His grandparents were expelled Germans from East Prussia. He took his Abitur at the Rhein-Wied-Gymnasium, Neuwied, in 1991.[3]

Höcke studied sport and history at University of Giessen and at University of Marburg before working as a teacher.[2] He taught at the Rhenanus School, a comprehensive school in Bad Sooden-Allendorf.[4]

Political career edit

 
Björn Höcke congratulates Thomas Kemmerich on his election, during the 2020 Thuringian government crisis.

Höcke was a short-time member of the Junge Union.[5]

As one of the founders of AfD Thuringia, he became Member of the Landtag of Thuringia, the state assembly of the federal state of Thuringia in Germany during the 2014 Thuringian state election.[6] Höcke is the speaker of the parliamentary group of the AfD and he is the spokesman of the Thuringia Regional Association (Landesverband) of his party.[7] He is said to be part of the "national-conservative wing" of the AfD.[8] His faction of the party is known as the Flügel (the Wing)[9] and 40 percent of the AfD party members identify themselves with it.[10]

In September 2019, Höcke threatened "massive consequences" to a ZDF journalist who refused to restart an interview after a series of difficult questions and after asking fellow party members whether various quotes are from his book or from Hitler's Mein Kampf.[11]

During the 2019 Thuringian state election, the AfD under the leadership of Höcke more than doubled its vote share to 23%, overtaking the opposition Christian Democratic Union (CDU) to place second.

In 2021 Jörg Meuthen, moderate co-leader of AfD was trying to remove him from the party due to his racism, but failed.[12] This led to Meuthen Ultimately quitting himself in 2022.[13]

In November 2021, Höcke's parliamentary immunity in the Landtag of Thuringia was cancelled. He was accused to have ended a speech in May with a phrase used by the SA whose use is illegal under insignia legislation. The phrase was "Alles für Deutschland" ("Everything for Germany").[14] In June 2023 Höcke was charged.[15][16][17][18]

Political views edit

Höcke espouses far-right views.[19] Political scientists such as Gero Neugebauer and Hajo Funke have commented that Höcke's opinions are close to the National Democratic Party of Germany and consider his statements völkisch, racist and fascist.[20][21] In September 2019, a German court ruled that describing Höcke as fascist was not libellous. However, a later court ruling in 2020 ruled against the FDP politician Sebastian Czaja for stating that the court ruling had classified Höcke as a fascist.[22]

Immigration policy edit

Regarding the European migrant crisis, Höcke opposes Germany's asylum policy,[23][24] leading regular demonstrations in Erfurt against the federal government's asylum policy, which regularly attracted several thousand sympathizers.[25] He opposes the euro, favoring a return to national currencies.[26]

He is reported to have declared that if Europe keeps on taking in immigrants, the African "reproductive behavior" will not change.[27] In 2017, Höcke stated "dear young African men: for you there is no future and no home in Germany and in Europe!"[28]

Family policy edit

Höcke has called for more Prussian virtues and promotes natalist views, specifically the "three-child family as a political and social model."[29] He opposes gender mainstreaming and demands an end of what he calls "social experiments" that undermine what he deems the "natural gender order."[30]

Education policy edit

He opposes the mainstreaming of students with disabilities, calling for such students to go to separate schools, and opposes school sexual education, which he regards as "early sexualization of the students," and wants to "stop the dissolution of the natural polarity of the two sexes".[31][citation needed]

Controversies edit

Ties to Neo-Nazis edit

Höcke has links with neo-Nazi circles in Germany.[1][2] Höcke has written with Thorsten Heise, a leader of NPD.[32][33] In 2015 Höcke was accused of having contributed to Heise's journal People in Motion (Volk in Bewegung) and The Reichsbote under a pseudonym ("Landolf Ladig"). Höcke denied having ever written for NPD papers, but refused to give a statutory declaration as demanded by the AfD Federal Executive Board.[34][35]

In a 2014 email to party colleagues, Höcke advocated the abolition of section 86 of the German Criminal Code (which prohibits the spread of propaganda by unconstitutional organizations) and section 130 of the German Criminal Code (which criminalizes incitement to hatred towards other groups).[36] This would also have legalized Holocaust denial, which is illegal in Germany.[37]

Allegations of antisemitism edit

 
A replica of the Holocaust memorial was erected on the property adjacent to Höcke.

Höcke gave a speech in Dresden in January 2017, in which, referring to the Holocaust memorial in Berlin (the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe), he stated that "we Germans are the only people in the world who have planted a memorial of shame in the heart of their capital"[38] and suggested that Germans "need to make a 180 degree change in their commemoration policy".[39][40]

The speech was widely criticized as antisemitic, among others by Jewish leaders in Germany, and he was described by his party chairwoman, Frauke Petry, in response as a "burden to the party".[38][41] As a result of his speech, the majority of leaders of the AfD asked in February 2017 that Björn Höcke be expelled from the party. In May 2018 an AfD tribunal ruled that Höcke was allowed to stay in the party.[42][11]

After Höcke's "monument of shame" comment, the Center for Political Beauty, a Berlin-based art collective, erected a full-scale replica of one section of the Holocaust memorial in Berlin within viewing distance of Höcke's home in Bornhagen as a reminder of German history.[19]

In an interview with The Wall Street Journal, Höcke claimed that "Hitler was regarded as only bad".[40][43][44]

A video of Höcke emerged in March 2020 in which he used a verb sounding similar to Auschwitz while attacking critics of his Flügel faction. The faction had been placed under surveillance by the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution shortly before the video surfaced.[45]

Alleged use of Nazi-Slogan edit

Björn Höcke is accused by the Halle (Saale) public prosecutor's office of having proclaimed the slogan: "Everything for our homeland, everything for Saxony-Anhalt, everything for Germany!" at the end of a speech he gave at an election event for his party in Merseburg on May 29, 2021. The slogan “Everything for Germany” (“Alles für Deutschland”) was introduced by the SA and its public use is punishable by law in Germany. Höcke claimed he did not know the origin of the saying.[46] He was charged in September 2023.[47][48]

Bernd Höcke edit

In March 2015 the newspaper Thüringer Allgemeine used "Bernd" erroneously as Höcke's first name.[49] After Höcke complained publicly about this incident, the heute-show, a late night satirical news show, started to systematically use "Bernd" for his first name as a running gag.[50] Later other comedians adopted the idea referring to him as "Bernd" as well.[51][52] This widespread use among comedians lead to reporters and anchormen of various news media erroneously using "Bernd" on several occasions.[53][54][55] In January 2018 even an original press release of the Bundestag accidentally used "Bernd" before it was corrected on the same day.[56][57] In December 2020 the AfD of North Rhine-Westphalia accidentally invited journalists to a party event with "Herrn [Mr.] Bernd Höcke".[58]

References edit

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  48. ^ Kiffmeier, Jens (13 September 2023). "Wegen NS-Vokabular: Thüringer AfD-Chef Höcke muss vor Gericht". www.fr.de (in German). from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  49. ^ "Ein 'Vollpfosten' für 'Bernd': ZDF 'würdigt' AfD-Chef Höcke". Thüringer Allgemeine (in German). 21 December 2015.[permanent dead link]
  50. ^ Oelrichs, Nico (2021). Die AfD-Abrechnung: Wie rechts(radikal) ist sie wirklich? (in German). München: neobooks. p. 43. ISBN 978-3-7529-3226-3.[permanent dead link]
  51. ^ "Kein Flitzer! Das macht der Nackte bei Jan Böhmermann". Neo Magazin Royale. 10 March 2017. from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  52. ^ "Björn Höcke? Bernd Höcke? Wie heißt der Mann denn nun?". Augsburger Allgemeine. 21 April 2017. from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  53. ^ "Bernd oder Björn Höcke – Die ultimative Verwirrung hat ein neues Level erreicht". Vice.com (in German). 20 April 2017. from the original on 13 June 2017. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  54. ^ Steinkuhl, Hendrik (23 March 2017). "'Ein richtiger Loser-Vorname': AfD-Politiker 'Bernd' Höcke wird zum Running-Gag der Medien". Meedia.de. from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  55. ^ "Jetzt nennt auch der Bundestag Höcke offiziell 'Bernd' – Erfolgreichster Running Gag aller Zeiten". Vice.com. 25 January 2018. from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
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External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Björn Höcke.
  • Official website
  • Official Thüringer Landtag profile

April 11, 2024
björn, höcke, born, april, 1972, german, politician, member, alternative, für, deutschland, along, with, andreas, kalbitz, höcke, leader, right, flügel, faction, which, german, government, federal, office, protection, constitution, declared, right, wing, extre. Bjorn Hocke born 1 April 1972 is a German politician and a member of Alternative fur Deutschland AfD Along with Andreas Kalbitz Hocke was the leader of the AfD s far right Der Flugel faction which the German government s Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution declared a right wing extremist organization 1 2 Bjorn HockeBjorn Hocke in 2019Leader of Alternative fur Deutschland in ThuringiaIncumbentAssumed office February 2013Preceded byOffice establishedMember of the Landtag of ThuringiaIncumbentAssumed office 5 December 2014Personal detailsBorn1 April 1972 age 51 Lunen West GermanyPolitical partyAfD 2013 present Children4 Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Political career 3 Political views 3 1 Immigration policy 3 2 Family policy 3 3 Education policy 4 Controversies 4 1 Ties to Neo Nazis 4 2 Allegations of antisemitism 4 3 Alleged use of Nazi Slogan 5 Bernd Hocke 6 References 7 External linksEarly life and education editBjorn Hocke was born in Lunen Westphalia His grandparents were expelled Germans from East Prussia He took his Abitur at the Rhein Wied Gymnasium Neuwied in 1991 3 Hocke studied sport and history at University of Giessen and at University of Marburg before working as a teacher 2 He taught at the Rhenanus School a comprehensive school in Bad Sooden Allendorf 4 Political career edit nbsp Bjorn Hocke congratulates Thomas Kemmerich on his election during the 2020 Thuringian government crisis Hocke was a short time member of the Junge Union 5 As one of the founders of AfD Thuringia he became Member of the Landtag of Thuringia the state assembly of the federal state of Thuringia in Germany during the 2014 Thuringian state election 6 Hocke is the speaker of the parliamentary group of the AfD and he is the spokesman of the Thuringia Regional Association Landesverband of his party 7 He is said to be part of the national conservative wing of the AfD 8 His faction of the party is known as the Flugel the Wing 9 and 40 percent of the AfD party members identify themselves with it 10 In September 2019 Hocke threatened massive consequences to a ZDF journalist who refused to restart an interview after a series of difficult questions and after asking fellow party members whether various quotes are from his book or from Hitler s Mein Kampf 11 During the 2019 Thuringian state election the AfD under the leadership of Hocke more than doubled its vote share to 23 overtaking the opposition Christian Democratic Union CDU to place second In 2021 Jorg Meuthen moderate co leader of AfD was trying to remove him from the party due to his racism but failed 12 This led to Meuthen Ultimately quitting himself in 2022 13 In November 2021 Hocke s parliamentary immunity in the Landtag of Thuringia was cancelled He was accused to have ended a speech in May with a phrase used by the SA whose use is illegal under insignia legislation The phrase was Alles fur Deutschland Everything for Germany 14 In June 2023 Hocke was charged 15 16 17 18 Political views editHocke espouses far right views 19 Political scientists such as Gero Neugebauer and Hajo Funke have commented that Hocke s opinions are close to the National Democratic Party of Germany and consider his statements volkisch racist and fascist 20 21 In September 2019 a German court ruled that describing Hocke as fascist was not libellous However a later court ruling in 2020 ruled against the FDP politician Sebastian Czaja for stating that the court ruling had classified Hocke as a fascist 22 Immigration policy edit Regarding the European migrant crisis Hocke opposes Germany s asylum policy 23 24 leading regular demonstrations in Erfurt against the federal government s asylum policy which regularly attracted several thousand sympathizers 25 He opposes the euro favoring a return to national currencies 26 He is reported to have declared that if Europe keeps on taking in immigrants the African reproductive behavior will not change 27 In 2017 Hocke stated dear young African men for you there is no future and no home in Germany and in Europe 28 Family policy edit Hocke has called for more Prussian virtues and promotes natalist views specifically the three child family as a political and social model 29 He opposes gender mainstreaming and demands an end of what he calls social experiments that undermine what he deems the natural gender order 30 Education policy edit He opposes the mainstreaming of students with disabilities calling for such students to go to separate schools and opposes school sexual education which he regards as early sexualization of the students and wants to stop the dissolution of the natural polarity of the two sexes 31 citation needed Controversies editTies to Neo Nazis edit Hocke has links with neo Nazi circles in Germany 1 2 Hocke has written with Thorsten Heise a leader of NPD 32 33 In 2015 Hocke was accused of having contributed to Heise s journal People in Motion Volk in Bewegung and The Reichsbote under a pseudonym Landolf Ladig Hocke denied having ever written for NPD papers but refused to give a statutory declaration as demanded by the AfD Federal Executive Board 34 35 In a 2014 email to party colleagues Hocke advocated the abolition of section 86 of the German Criminal Code which prohibits the spread of propaganda by unconstitutional organizations and section 130 of the German Criminal Code which criminalizes incitement to hatred towards other groups 36 This would also have legalized Holocaust denial which is illegal in Germany 37 Allegations of antisemitism edit nbsp A replica of the Holocaust memorial was erected on the property adjacent to Hocke Hocke gave a speech in Dresden in January 2017 in which referring to the Holocaust memorial in Berlin the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe he stated that we Germans are the only people in the world who have planted a memorial of shame in the heart of their capital 38 and suggested that Germans need to make a 180 degree change in their commemoration policy 39 40 The speech was widely criticized as antisemitic among others by Jewish leaders in Germany and he was described by his party chairwoman Frauke Petry in response as a burden to the party 38 41 As a result of his speech the majority of leaders of the AfD asked in February 2017 that Bjorn Hocke be expelled from the party In May 2018 an AfD tribunal ruled that Hocke was allowed to stay in the party 42 11 After Hocke s monument of shame comment the Center for Political Beauty a Berlin based art collective erected a full scale replica of one section of the Holocaust memorial in Berlin within viewing distance of Hocke s home in Bornhagen as a reminder of German history 19 In an interview with The Wall Street Journal Hocke claimed that Hitler was regarded as only bad 40 43 44 A video of Hocke emerged in March 2020 in which he used a verb sounding similar to Auschwitz while attacking critics of his Flugel faction The faction had been placed under surveillance by the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution shortly before the video surfaced 45 Alleged use of Nazi Slogan edit Bjorn Hocke is accused by the Halle Saale public prosecutor s office of having proclaimed the slogan Everything for our homeland everything for Saxony Anhalt everything for Germany at the end of a speech he gave at an election event for his party in Merseburg on May 29 2021 The slogan Everything for Germany Alles fur Deutschland was introduced by the SA and its public use is punishable by law in Germany Hocke claimed he did not know the origin of the saying 46 He was charged in September 2023 47 48 Bernd Hocke editIn March 2015 the newspaper Thuringer Allgemeine used Bernd erroneously as Hocke s first name 49 After Hocke complained publicly about this incident the heute show a late night satirical news show started to systematically use Bernd for his first name as a running gag 50 Later other comedians adopted the idea referring to him as Bernd as well 51 52 This widespread use among comedians lead to reporters and anchormen of various news media erroneously using Bernd on several occasions 53 54 55 In January 2018 even an original press release of the Bundestag accidentally used Bernd before it was corrected on the same day 56 57 In December 2020 the AfD of North Rhine Westphalia accidentally invited journalists to a party event with Herrn Mr Bernd Hocke 58 References edit a b Schuetze Christopher F 25 March 2020 Far Right Faction of German Populist Party Vows to Dissolve The New York Times Archived from the original on 30 June 2020 Retrieved 26 March 2020 a b c Bennhold Katrin 12 March 2020 Germany Places Part of Far Right Party Under Surveillance The New York Times Archived from the original on 3 December 2020 Retrieved 26 March 2020 Fraktionsvorsitzender der AfD Bjorn Hocke besucht seine Heimatstadt Neuwied Der Lokalanzeiger 24 April 2015 Archived from the original on 31 January 2016 Retrieved 12 March 2016 Trotz menschenfeindlicher Positionen AfD Politiker Bjorn Hocke bleibt Beamter in Hessen Despite anti human positions AfD politician Bjorn Hocke remains a civil servant in Hesse Frankfurter Allgemeine in German 25 February 2020 Archived from the original on 1 October 2020 Retrieved 25 February 2020 Buscher Wolfgang 2 November 2015 AfD Rechtsaussen Hocke ist von ganz alter Schule Die Welt Archived from the original on 1 February 2017 Retrieved 5 March 2017 Landtagswahl 2014 Welche Koalitionen sind in Thuringen moglich Thuringische Landeszeitung 16 July 2014 AfD Vorstand Thuringen Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 12 March 2016 Thuringen Ausschuss hebt Immunitat von AfD Fraktionschef Hocke auf Der Spiegel 3 July 2015 Archived from the original on 19 April 2023 Retrieved 12 March 2016 Huggler Justin 27 October 2019 Germany s new Hitler poised to lead AfD to regional election gains The Telegraph ISSN 0307 1235 Archived from the original on 13 December 2019 Retrieved 25 February 2020 subscription required AfD s Bjorn Hocke Firebrand of the German far right Deutsche Welle 2 January 2020 Archived from the original on 25 February 2020 Retrieved 25 February 2020 a b AfD politician threatens journalist after Hitler comparison The Guardian 16 September 2019 Archived from the original on 9 November 2019 Retrieved 17 September 2019 Moderate AfD co leader Meuthen gives up DW 10 11 2021 Deutsche Welle 10 November 2021 Far right AfD co chair Jorg Meuthen quits party DW 01 28 2022 Deutsche Welle 28 January 2022 Nach Strafanzeige Justizausschuss hebt Immunitat von AfD Fraktionschef Hocke auf in German MDR 24 November 2021 Archived from the original on 24 November 2021 Retrieved 25 November 2021 Prominent figure in German far right party charged over alleged Nazi slogan ABC News Archived from the original on 6 June 2023 Retrieved 22 June 2023 AfD politician Hocke charged with using Nazi slogan DW 06 05 2023 dw com Archived from the original on 6 June 2023 Retrieved 22 June 2023 Prominent German politician charged with alleged use of Nazi slogan Associated Press 5 June 2023 Archived from the original on 6 June 2023 Retrieved 22 June 2023 German far right politician charged over Nazi slogan The Local Europe 5 June 2023 Archived from the original on 6 June 2023 Retrieved 22 June 2023 a b Bennhold Katrin 25 December 2017 For One Far Right Politician Forgetting Germany s Past Just Got Harder The New York Times Archived from the original on 27 December 2017 Retrieved 26 December 2017 Eindeutig rechtsextremistisch Handelsblatt 2 October 2015 Archived from the original on 4 April 2017 Retrieved 5 March 2017 Die AfD hat sich rechtsradikalisiert Deutschlandfunk 23 October 2015 Archived from the original on 24 March 2016 Retrieved 12 March 2016 Deutschland RedaktionsNetzwerk 23 March 2020 Bjorn Hocke von Gericht nicht als Faschist erklart Urteil werde missverstanden www rnd de in German Archived from the original on 28 June 2023 Retrieved 28 June 2023 AfD fordert Aussetzung des Schengener Abkommens Die Zeit 27 August 2014 Archived from the original on 8 March 2016 Retrieved 12 March 2016 Leubecher Marcel 3 November 2015 Welche Rechten stecken hinter dem schwarzen Haken Die Welt Archived from the original on 25 March 2017 Retrieved 5 March 2017 Hessen will AfD Politiker Hocke nicht mehr unterrichten lassen Der Tagesspiegel 18 January 2016 Archived from the original on 26 March 2020 Retrieved 26 March 2020 Kandidaten Bundestagswahl 2013 wen wahlen de 2013 Archived from the original on 13 March 2016 Retrieved 12 March 2016 Knight Ben 3 July 2016 What does the AfD stand for Deutsche Welle Archived from the original on 25 February 2020 Retrieved 25 February 2020 Chazan Guy 7 September 2017 German elections how the right returned www ft com Archived from the original on 18 July 2021 Retrieved 18 July 2021 AfD Kandidat Hocke im Interview Drei Kinder Familie ist politisches Leitbild Thuringische Landeszeitung 21 July 2014 Archived from the original on 26 March 2020 Retrieved 26 March 2020 Oestreich 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Erfolgreichster Running Gag aller Zeiten Vice com 25 January 2018 Archived from the original on 15 April 2023 Retrieved 15 April 2023 Bundestag nennt AfD Politiker Bjorn Hocke Bernd Berliner Morgenpost 25 January 2018 Archived from the original on 25 January 2018 Retrieved 15 April 2023 AfD Politiker mit Namensproblem Es ist offiziell Bundestag macht aus Bjorn Hocke Bernd SHZ 26 January 2018 Archived from the original on 31 March 2022 Retrieved 15 April 2023 Kuriose Verwechslung AfD in NRW ladt zu Veranstaltung mit Bernd Hocke ein RND de 2 December 2020 Archived from the original on 15 April 2023 Retrieved 15 April 2023 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bjorn Hocke Official website Official Thuringer Landtag profile Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bjorn Hocke amp oldid 1217924998, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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