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Agglutination is the clumping of particles. The word agglutination comes from the Latinagglutinare (glueing to).
This image explains agglutination in the blood
Agglutination is a reaction in which particles (as red blood cells or bacteria) suspended in a liquid collect into clumps usually as a response to a specific antibody.
Agglutination(clumping) of red blood cells.
This occurs in biology in two main examples:
The clumping of cells such as bacteria or red blood cells in the presence of an antibody or complement. The antibody or other molecule binds multiple particles and joins them, creating a large complex. This increases the efficacy of microbial elimination by phagocytosis as large clumps of bacteria can be eliminated in one pass, versus the elimination of single microbial antigens.
When people are given blood transfusions of the wrong blood group, the antibodies react with the incorrectly transfused blood group and as a result, the erythrocytes clump up and stick together causing them to agglutinate. The coalescing of small particles that are suspended in a solution; these larger masses are then (usually) precipitated.
The 'bedside card' method of blood typing, in this case using a Serafol card. The result is blood group A positive.
Hemagglutination is the process by which red blood cells agglutinate, meaning clump or clog. The agglutin involved in hemagglutination is called hemagglutinin. In cross-matching, donor red blood cells and the recipient's serum or plasma are incubated together. If agglutination occurs, this indicates that the donor and recipient blood types are incompatible.
Agglutination is commonly used as a method of identifying specific bacterial antigens and the identity of such bacteria, and therefore is an important technique in diagnosis.
History of discoveriesedit
Two bacteriologists, Herbert Edward Durham (-1945) and Max von Gruber (1853–1927), discovered specific agglutination in 1896. The clumping became known as Gruber-Durham reaction. Gruber introduced the term agglutinin (from the Latin) for any substance that caused agglutination of cells.
French physician Fernand Widal (1862–1929) put Gruber and Durham's discovery to practical use later in 1896, using the reaction as the basis for a test for typhoid fever. Widal found that blood serum from a typhoid carrier caused a culture of typhoid bacteria to clump, whereas serum from a typhoid-free person did not. This Widal test was the first example of serum diagnosis.
Austrian physician Karl Landsteiner found another important practical application of the agglutination reaction in 1900. Landsteiner's agglutination tests and his discovery of ABO blood groups was the start of the science of blood transfusion and serology which has made transfusion possible and safer.
^Quist, Erin; Koepsell, Scott (2015). "Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia and Red Blood Cell Autoantibodies". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 139 (11): 1455–8. doi:10.5858/arpa.2014-0337-RS. PMID 26516943.
^Denise M Harmening (30 November 2018). Modern Blood Banking & Transfusion Practices. F.A. Davis. p. 141. ISBN978-0-8036-9462-0.
^Bain, BJ; Bates, I; Laffan, MA (2017). Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology (12 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 32–3. ISBN978-0-7020-6925-3.
April 10, 2024
agglutination, biology, linguistics, concept, agglutination, this, article, relies, largely, entirely, single, source, relevant, discussion, found, talk, page, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, citations, additional, sources, find, sources, ag. For the linguistics concept see Agglutination This article relies largely or entirely on a single source Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources Find sources Agglutination biology news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2015 Agglutination is the clumping of particles The word agglutination comes from the Latin agglutinare glueing to This image explains agglutination in the bloodAgglutination is a reaction in which particles as red blood cells or bacteria suspended in a liquid collect into clumps usually as a response to a specific antibody source source source source source source source Agglutination clumping of red blood cells This occurs in biology in two main examples The clumping of cells such as bacteria or red blood cells in the presence of an antibody or complement The antibody or other molecule binds multiple particles and joins them creating a large complex This increases the efficacy of microbial elimination by phagocytosis as large clumps of bacteria can be eliminated in one pass versus the elimination of single microbial antigens When people are given blood transfusions of the wrong blood group the antibodies react with the incorrectly transfused blood group and as a result the erythrocytes clump up and stick together causing them to agglutinate The coalescing of small particles that are suspended in a solution these larger masses are then usually precipitated Contents 1 In immunohematology 1 1 Hemagglutination 1 2 Leukoagglutination 2 In microbiology 3 History of discoveries 4 See also 5 ReferencesIn immunohematology editHemagglutination edit Main article Hemagglutination nbsp The bedside card method of blood typing in this case using a Serafol card The result is blood group A positive Hemagglutination is the process by which red blood cells agglutinate meaning clump or clog The agglutin involved in hemagglutination is called hemagglutinin In cross matching donor red blood cells and the recipient s serum or plasma are incubated together If agglutination occurs this indicates that the donor and recipient blood types are incompatible When a person produces antibodies against their own red blood cells as in cold agglutinin disease and other autoimmune conditions the cells may agglutinate spontaneously 1 This is called autoagglutination and it can interfere with laboratory tests such as blood typing and the complete blood count 2 3 Leukoagglutination edit Leukoagglutination occurs when the particles involved are white blood cells An example is the PH L form of phytohaemagglutinin In microbiology editAgglutination is commonly used as a method of identifying specific bacterial antigens and the identity of such bacteria and therefore is an important technique in diagnosis History of discoveries editTwo bacteriologists Herbert Edward Durham 1945 and Max von Gruber 1853 1927 discovered specific agglutination in 1896 The clumping became known as Gruber Durham reaction Gruber introduced the term agglutinin from the Latin for any substance that caused agglutination of cells French physician Fernand Widal 1862 1929 put Gruber and Durham s discovery to practical use later in 1896 using the reaction as the basis for a test for typhoid fever Widal found that blood serum from a typhoid carrier caused a culture of typhoid bacteria to clump whereas serum from a typhoid free person did not This Widal test was the first example of serum diagnosis Austrian physician Karl Landsteiner found another important practical application of the agglutination reaction in 1900 Landsteiner s agglutination tests and his discovery of ABO blood groups was the start of the science of blood transfusion and serology which has made transfusion possible and safer See also editAgglutination PCR Blocking antibody Coagulation Immune system Macrophage Mannan oligosaccharides MOS References edit Quist Erin Koepsell Scott 2015 Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia and Red Blood Cell Autoantibodies Archives of Pathology amp Laboratory Medicine 139 11 1455 8 doi 10 5858 arpa 2014 0337 RS PMID 26516943 Denise M Harmening 30 November 2018 Modern Blood Banking amp Transfusion Practices F A Davis p 141 ISBN 978 0 8036 9462 0 Bain BJ Bates I Laffan MA 2017 Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology 12 ed Elsevier Health Sciences pp 32 3 ISBN 978 0 7020 6925 3 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Agglutination biology amp oldid 1194741171, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
