For example, if antibodies that bind the A blood group are added and agglutination occurs, the blood is either type A or type AB. To determine between type A or type AB, antibodies that bind the B group are added and if agglutination does not occur, the blood is type A. If agglutination does not occur with either antibodies that bind to type A or type B antigens, then neither antigen is present on the blood cells, which means the blood is type O.[1][2]
In blood grouping, the patient's serum is tested against RBCs of known blood groups and also the patient's RBCs are tested against known serum types. In this way the patient's blood group is confirmed from both RBCs and serum. A direct Coombs test is also done on the patient's blood sample in case there are any confounding antibodies.
Many viruses attach to molecules present on the surface of RBCs. A consequence of this is that at certain concentrations, a viral suspension may bind together (agglutinate) the RBCs, thus preventing them from settling out of suspension. Since agglutination is not linked to infectivity, attenuated viruses can therefore be used in assays while an additional assay such as a plaque assay must be used to determine infectivity. By serially diluting a virus suspension into an assay tray (a series of wells of uniform volume) and adding a standard amount of blood cells, an estimation of the number of virus particles can be made. While less accurate than a plaque assay, it is cheaper and quicker (taking just 30 minutes).[citation needed]
This assay may be modified to include the addition of an antiserum. By using a standard amount of virus, a standard amount of blood cells, and serially diluting the antiserum, one can identify the concentration of the antiserum (the greatest dilution which inhibits hemagglutination).
Referencesedit
^Muramatsu M, Gonzalez HD, Cacciola R, Aikawa A, Yaqoob MM, Puliatti C (2014). "ABO incompatible renal transplants: Good or bad?". World Journal of Transplantation. 4 (1): 18–29. doi:10.5500/wjt.v4.i1.18. PMC3964193. PMID 24669364.
^Rizzo C, Caruso C, Vasto S (2014). "Possible role of ABO system in age-related diseases and longevity: a narrative review". Immunity & Ageing. 11: 16. doi:10.1186/1742-4933-11-16. PMC4265994. PMID 25512760.
hemagglutination, this, article, about, cell, agglutination, testing, method, hematologic, condition, cell, agglutination, haemagglutination, specific, form, agglutination, that, involves, blood, cells, rbcs, common, uses, laboratory, blood, typing, quantifica. This article is about the use of red cell agglutination as a testing method For the hematologic condition see red cell agglutination Hemagglutination or haemagglutination is a specific form of agglutination that involves red blood cells RBCs It has two common uses in the laboratory blood typing and the quantification of virus dilutions in a haemagglutination assay Contents 1 Blood typing 2 Viral hemagglutination assay 3 References 4 External linksBlood typing editMain article Blood typing Blood type can be determined by using antibodies that bind to the A or B blood group antigens in a sample of blood For example if antibodies that bind the A blood group are added and agglutination occurs the blood is either type A or type AB To determine between type A or type AB antibodies that bind the B group are added and if agglutination does not occur the blood is type A If agglutination does not occur with either antibodies that bind to type A or type B antigens then neither antigen is present on the blood cells which means the blood is type O 1 2 In blood grouping the patient s serum is tested against RBCs of known blood groups and also the patient s RBCs are tested against known serum types In this way the patient s blood group is confirmed from both RBCs and serum A direct Coombs test is also done on the patient s blood sample in case there are any confounding antibodies Viral hemagglutination assay editMain article Hemagglutination assay Many viruses attach to molecules present on the surface of RBCs A consequence of this is that at certain concentrations a viral suspension may bind together agglutinate the RBCs thus preventing them from settling out of suspension Since agglutination is not linked to infectivity attenuated viruses can therefore be used in assays while an additional assay such as a plaque assay must be used to determine infectivity By serially diluting a virus suspension into an assay tray a series of wells of uniform volume and adding a standard amount of blood cells an estimation of the number of virus particles can be made While less accurate than a plaque assay it is cheaper and quicker taking just 30 minutes citation needed This assay may be modified to include the addition of an antiserum By using a standard amount of virus a standard amount of blood cells and serially diluting the antiserum one can identify the concentration of the antiserum the greatest dilution which inhibits hemagglutination References edit Muramatsu M Gonzalez HD Cacciola R Aikawa A Yaqoob MM Puliatti C 2014 ABO incompatible renal transplants Good or bad World Journal of Transplantation 4 1 18 29 doi 10 5500 wjt v4 i1 18 PMC 3964193 PMID 24669364 Rizzo C Caruso C Vasto S 2014 Possible role of ABO system in age related diseases and longevity a narrative review Immunity amp Ageing 11 16 doi 10 1186 1742 4933 11 16 PMC 4265994 PMID 25512760 External links editHemagglutination at the U S National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings MeSH Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hemagglutination amp oldid 1214805334, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
