Biysk
Biysk (Russian: Бийск, IPA: [bʲijsk]; Altay: Јаш-Тура) is a city in Altai Krai, Russia, located on the Biya River not far from its confluence with the Katun River. It is the second largest city of the krai (after Barnaul, the administrative center of the krai). Population: 183,852 (2021 Census);[10] 210,115 (2010 Census);[4] 218,562 (2002 Census);[11] 233,238 (1989 Census).[12]
Biysk Бийск | |
|---|---|
Sovetskaya Street in Biysk | |
Flag Coat of arms | |
Biysk Location of Biysk Biysk Biysk (Altai Krai) | |
| Coordinates: 52°32′N 85°13′E / 52.533°N 85.217°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Altai Krai[1] |
| Founded | 1709[2] |
| City status since | 1782[2] |
| Government | |
| • Body | Duma |
| • Head | Victor Schigrev[3] |
| Elevation | 180 m (590 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 210,115 |
| • Estimate (2018)[5] | 201,914 (−3.9%) |
| • Rank | 89th in 2010 |
| • Subordinated to | city of krai significance of Biysk[1] |
| • Capital of | city of krai significance of Biysk,[1] Biysky District[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Biysk Urban Okrug[6] |
| • Capital of | Biysk Urban Okrug,[6] Biysky Municipal District[7] |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (MSK+4 [8]) |
| Postal code(s)[9] | 659300–659306, 659308, 659309, 659311, 659314–659316, 659318–659323, 659325, 659326, 659328–659330, 659332–659336, 659399 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 3854 |
| OKTMO ID | 01705000001 |
| City Day | June 18 |
| Website | biysk22 |
History edit
The fortress of Bikatunskaya (Бикатунская), or Bikatunsky Ostrog (Бикатунский острог), was founded in 1708-1709:[2] it was constructed near the confluence of Biya and Katun Rivers (hence the name) in 1709 by the order the Russian Tsar Peter the Great signed in 1708.[13] Yet, in 1710, after a three-day battle, the ostrog was destroyed by the Dzungar people.[13] The Bikatunskaya fortress was re-built at a new place (20 kilometers (12 mi) up the Biya, on the right bank of the river) in 1718 and renamed Biyskaya (Бийская) in 1732.[13] Gradually, Biysk lost its role as a military base, but became an important center of trade, and was granted town status in 1782.[2] In 1797, the town was abolished, but in 1804 it was restored as an uyezd town of Tomsk Governorate and granted the coat of arms which is still in use.
Administrative and municipal status edit
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Biysk serves as the administrative center of Biysky District, even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with four rural localities, incorporated separately as the city of krai significance of Biysk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the city of krai significance of Biysk is incorporated as Biysk Urban Okrug.[6]
Economy edit
The city's industry grew rapidly, especially after some factories were evacuated there from the west of the Soviet Union during World War II. Later the city was an important center of arms development (including solid-fuel rocket engines[14]) and production and still remains an industrial center.
Evalar, one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in Russia, is headquartered in Biysk.[15]
Transportation edit
Biysk has a railway station, a port on the Biya, and is served by the Biysk Airport. The route of federal importance Novosibirsk-Biysk-Tashanta (Chuysky Highway) passes through the city.
Education and culture edit
Biysk is a center of education and culture, and a home to an academy of education, a technical institute and other educational institutions, a drama theater (founded in 1943), a museum of local lore, and other facilities.
Geography edit
The city is called "the gates to the Altai Mountains", because of its position comparatively not far from this range. Chuysky Highway begins in Biysk and then goes through the Altai Republic to Russia's border with Mongolia.
Climate edit
Biysk has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) with frigid, rather dry winters and very warm, damp summers.
| Climate data for Biysk (1991-2020, extremes 1936-present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.5 (43.7) | 9.9 (49.8) | 17.4 (63.3) | 33.7 (92.7) | 36.7 (98.1) | 37.2 (99.0) | 38.9 (102.0) | 38.8 (101.8) | 37.0 (98.6) | 28.4 (83.1) | 19.7 (67.5) | 10.8 (51.4) | 38.9 (102.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −10.7 (12.7) | −7.4 (18.7) | 0.4 (32.7) | 11.9 (53.4) | 20.4 (68.7) | 25.1 (77.2) | 26.6 (79.9) | 25.1 (77.2) | 18.3 (64.9) | 10.2 (50.4) | −1.4 (29.5) | −8.1 (17.4) | 9.2 (48.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −16.3 (2.7) | −14.1 (6.6) | −6.1 (21.0) | 5.0 (41.0) | 12.8 (55.0) | 18.2 (64.8) | 20.0 (68.0) | 17.7 (63.9) | 11.1 (52.0) | 3.9 (39.0) | −6.1 (21.0) | −13.1 (8.4) | 2.8 (36.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −21.6 (−6.9) | −19.8 (−3.6) | −11.8 (10.8) | −0.8 (30.6) | 5.9 (42.6) | 11.7 (53.1) | 14.0 (57.2) | 11.3 (52.3) | 5.3 (41.5) | −0.9 (30.4) | −10.1 (13.8) | −17.9 (−0.2) | −2.9 (26.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −51.8 (−61.2) | −50.6 (−59.1) | −43.1 (−45.6) | −31.5 (−24.7) | −7.8 (18.0) | −1.2 (29.8) | 2.0 (35.6) | −2.1 (28.2) | −7.6 (18.3) | −24.1 (−11.4) | −43.9 (−47.0) | −50.5 (−58.9) | −51.8 (−61.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 30 (1.2) | 24 (0.9) | 26 (1.0) | 41 (1.6) | 57 (2.2) | 55 (2.2) | 70 (2.8) | 53 (2.1) | 42 (1.7) | 49 (1.9) | 53 (2.1) | 41 (1.6) | 541 (21.3) |
| Average precipitation days | 13.7 | 10.6 | 11.3 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 12.3 | 12.9 | 12.5 | 11.4 | 14.0 | 15.2 | 16.2 | 153.7 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net [16] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: climatebase.ru (precipitation days 1936-2012)[17] | |||||||||||||
Notable people edit
- Alexander Bessmertnykh (born 1933), Russian diplomat
- Aleksandr Bogatyryov (1963–2009), Kazakhstani football player
- Lev Bogomolets (1911–2009), Soviet Russian painter
- Artyom Fomin (born 1988), Russian footballer
- Konstantin Garbuz (born 1988), Russian footballer
- Sergey Kamenskiy (born 1987), Russian sports shooter
- David Khurtsidze (born 1993), Russian footballer
- Vsevolod Kukushkin (born 1942), Russian journalist, writer and ice hockey administrator
- Ilyas Kurkaev (born 1994), Russian volleyball player
- Aleksandr Lokshin (1920–1987), Russian composer of classical music
References edit
Notes edit
- ^ a b c d e f g Law #28-ZS
- ^ a b c d Большая российская энциклопедия. Том 3. Moscow: Большая российская энциклопедия. 2005. p. 473. ISBN 978-5-85270-330-9.
- ^ Глава города Бийска Щигрев Виктор Андреевич December 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ a b c Law #115-ZS
- ^ Law #42-ZS
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ a b c Основание Бийской крепости June 5, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Soviet Solid Rocket Motor Production Plant". FAS. 1996. from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
- ^ "Company history - Evalar". from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
- ^ "Погода и Климат – Климат Бийска" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved December 22, 2022.
- ^ "Biysk, Russia". Climatebase.ru. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
Sources edit
- Алтайский краевой Совет народных депутатов. Закон №28-ЗС от 1 марта 2008 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Алтайского края», в ред. Закона №16-ЗС от 4 апреля 2017 г. «О присоединении станции Железнодорожная Казарма 572 км к посёлку Октябрьскому Октябрьского сельсовета Кулундинского района Алтайского края и внесении изменений в отдельные законы Алтайского края». Вступил в силу 8 марта 2008 г. Опубликован: "Алтайская правда", №67, 8 марта 2008 г. (Altai Krai Council of People's Deputies. Law #28-ZS of March 1, 2008 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Altai Krai, as amended by the Law #16-ZS of April 4, 2017 On Merging the Station of Zheleznodorozhnaya Kazarma 572 km into the Settlement of Oktyabrsky in Oktyabrsky Selsoviet of Kulundinsky District of Altai Krai and on Amending Various Laws of Altai Krai. Effective as of March 8, 2008.).
- Алтайский краевой Совет народных депутатов. Закон №115-ЗС от 7 ноября 2006 г. «О статусе и границах муниципального и административно-территориального образования город Бийск Алтайского края», в ред. Закона №16-ЗС от 10 марта 2009 г «О внесении изменений в отдельные Законы Алтайского края о статусе и границах муниципальных и административно-территориальных образований Алтайского края». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Алтайская правда", №362–363, 16 ноября 2006 г. (Altai Krai Council of People's Deputies. Law #115-ZS of November 7, 2006 On the Status and the Borders of the Municipal and the Administrative-Territorial Formation of the City of Biysk of Altai Krai, as amended by the Law #16-ZS of March 10, 2009 On Amending Several Laws of Altai Krai on the Status and the Borders of the Municipal and the Administrative-Territorial Formations of Altai Krai. Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the day of the official publication.).
- Алтайский краевой Совет народных депутатов. Закон №42-ЗС от 8 мая 2007 г. «О статусе и границах муниципальных и административно-территориальных образований Бийского района Алтайского края», в ред. Закона №16-ЗС от 10 марта 2009 г «О внесении изменений в отдельные Законы Алтайского края о статусе и границах муниципальных и административно-территориальных образований Алтайского края». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Алтайская правда", №150 (без приложений), 24 мая 2007 г. (Altai Krai Council of People's Deputies. Law #42-ZS of May 8, 2007 On the Status and the Borders of the Municipal and the Administrative-Territorial Formations of Biysky District of Altai Krai, as amended by the Law #16-ZS of March 10, 2009 On Amending Various Laws of Altai Krai on the Status and the Borders of Municipal and Administrative-Territorial Formations of Altai Krai. Effective as of after 10 days from after the day of the official publication.).
External links edit
- Official website of Biysk (in Russian)
- Biysk Business Directory (in Russian)