Buffaloes play an indispensable role in the Indian economy, accounting for about 56% of total milk production in the nation, and 64% of the world's production. Their contribution has been overwhelming due to their ability to thrive under harsh climatic condition and low requirement of input contribution.[4]
Bhadawari buffaloes are specifically renowned for the high content of butterfat found in their milk, which ranges from 6.0 to as high as 12.5%. The relatively high percentage of butterfat present in their milk is due to the breed's efficiency in converting animal feed into butterfat; the Bhadawari buffaloes' unique, advantageous profile therefore attracts farmers of many developing countries to interbreed them with one of the best meat and milch breed of buffaloes, the Murrah breed. Increasingly important in the livestock industry of countries with agricultural-based economies such as Bulgaria, the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, and Nepal, the resulting hybrid breed of the Bhadawari and Murrah enhances the milk production of other low-yielding breeds and creates a better market for liquid milk.[5]
India has a population of 105 million buffalos, and 26.1% of the population lives in Uttar Pradesh. India also has nine well-recognized breeds based on their phenotypic characteristics (Murrah, Nili-Ravi, Surti, Jaffarabadi, Bhadawari, Mehsana, Nagori, Toda, and Pandarpuri), distributed over several agroclimatic zones.[6]
The pure Bhadawari breed has dwindled to a population of only several thousand because of crossbreeding with the Murrah buffalo. In the area of Uttar Pradesh, India, Murrah buffalo traits are becoming more common. Many view the germplasm of the Bhadawari extremely valuable for conservation.[7]
Physical characteristics
The Bhadawari buffaloes are medium-sized, copper-colored and grayish black animals, with two white lines at the lower side of the neck, which is a distinct feature of these buffaloes. The horns are curled slightly outwards, parallel to the neck with the tips curled upwards. They are known to be more resistant to disease and the effects of heat than other buffalo breeds, which makes them ideal for a domesticated draught animal.[8]
Diet
The Bhadawari mainly subsists on coarse feed, straw, corn products, roughage such as barley or wheat straw, cornstalks, sorghum, and sugarcane residuals. Under dire circumstances, the Bhadawari can survive on low-quality crop residues and green forage.[7]
Calving patterns
A 2011 study in the Bundelkhand region of India was performed with the objective of documenting the calving pattern of Bhadawari (and the closely relate Murrah) buffaloes. Areas like Bundelkhand are found throughout India, as heavily dependent on livestock economics due to drought and monsoons, as a whole India has 95 buffaloes per 1,000 human beings; information on calving is detrimental to this region of the world. At the Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute in Jhansi, a herd of Bhadawari was intensely managed under a standardized system of nutritional requirements, and was done so over a period of 8 years (starting in 2002). All the while, birth rate was kept in the view of climatological data. Results indicated that rainy (July-Sept) and autumn (Oct-Nov) seasons yielded the highest calving rate, at more than 70%, whereas the lower calving rates were in the winter season at 15.48% and the summer season at 4.88%. Results were then cross-referenced with calving patterns across India and around other parts of the world such as Egypt. The seasonality in the Bhadawari calving indicates that reproductive desire is more dependent on climatic changes than diet.[9]
Milk composition
Overall, buffalo milk has greater nutritional properties and values than cow milk. Buffalo milk has higher levels of fat, lactose, protein, calcium, and vitamins A and C, with lower levels of vitamin E, riboflavin, and cholesterol. An absence of carotene exists, and bioactive pentasaccharides and gangliosides occur that are not present in cow milk. Fat globules are larger, but contain less membrane material than cow milk. However, specific breed of buffalo does affect milk composition. In a 2008 comparison of four Indian buffalo breeds, the Bhadawari was shown to have more solids not fat than the Murrah, which had the highest performance for fat, total protein, and casein contents.[10]
References
^Breed data sheet: Bhadawari. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed September 2013.
^Altre razze 16 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine (in Italian). Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Specie Bufalina. Accessed September 2013.
^Sethi, R. K. (2003). Buffalo Breeds of India. Proceedings of Fourth Asian Buffalo Congress, New Delhi, India, 25 to 28 Feb.
^A.K. Das, Deepak Sharma and Nishant Kumar. (2008). "Buffalo Genetic Resources in India and Their Conservation". Buffalo Bulletin 27.4 : 265–268. Print.
^Saifi, H.W., Bharat, Bhushan, Sanjeev, Kumar, Pushpendra Kumar, Patra B.N. and Sharma Arjava (2004). "Genetic Identity between Bhadawari and Murrah Breeds of Indian Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) Using RAPD-PCR" Asian-Austrian Journal of Animal Sciences, Vol. 17 : 603–607. Print.
^Joshi, J., Salar, R. K., Banerjee, P., Upasna, S. S., Tantia, M. S., & Vijh, R. K. (2013). Genetic Variation and Phylogenetic Relationships of Indian Buffaloes of Uttar Pradesh. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences: 26(9): 1229. doi:10.5713/ajas.2012.12669
^ abBinoy Chandra Naha, Jmas Vol 1 Issue 1 2013. "BUFFALO GENETIC RESOURCES IN INDIA AND THEIR CONSERVATION." The Journal of MacroTrends in 1.1 (2013): 61–66. Web. 10 October 2014
^1- Arora, R., Vijh, R., Lakhchaura, B., Prasad, R., & Tantia, M. (2004). Genetic diversity analysis of two buffalo populations of northern India using microsatellite markers. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 121(2), 111-118. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0388.2004.00451.
^Kushwawa, B.P., Sultan Sighn, and S.B. Maity. "Seasonality of Calving Bhadawari and Murrah Buffaloes in Bundelkhand, India." Buffalo Bulletin 30.4 (2011): 256–261. Print.
^El-Salam, Mohamed H. Abd, and Safinaz El-Shibiny. "A comprehensive review on the composition and properties of buffalo milk." Dairy Science & Technology 91.6 (2011): 663–699. Print.
April 05, 2023
bhadawari, bhadwari, improved, water, buffalo, breed, from, uttar, pradesh, india, that, kept, milk, production, mainly, agra, etawah, districts, bhind, morena, districts, madhya, pradesh, cows, usually, lactate, during, days, with, average, milk, yield, this,. Bhadwari is an improved water buffalo breed from Uttar Pradesh India that is kept for milk production mainly in the Agra and Etawah districts 1 and in the Bhind and Morena districts of Madhya Pradesh 2 Cows usually lactate during 272 days with an average milk yield of 752 810 kg 1 658 1 786 lb in this period 3 BhadawariOther namesBhadwariEtawahCountry of originIndiaDistributionUttar Pradesh Madhya PradeshTypeRiverUseDairyTraitsWeightMale average 475 kgFemale average 425 kgHeightMale ca 128 cmFemale ca 124 cmWater buffaloBubalus bubalisBuffaloes play an indispensable role in the Indian economy accounting for about 56 of total milk production in the nation and 64 of the world s production Their contribution has been overwhelming due to their ability to thrive under harsh climatic condition and low requirement of input contribution 4 Bhadawari buffaloes are specifically renowned for the high content of butterfat found in their milk which ranges from 6 0 to as high as 12 5 The relatively high percentage of butterfat present in their milk is due to the breed s efficiency in converting animal feed into butterfat the Bhadawari buffaloes unique advantageous profile therefore attracts farmers of many developing countries to interbreed them with one of the best meat and milch breed of buffaloes the Murrah breed Increasingly important in the livestock industry of countries with agricultural based economies such as Bulgaria the Philippines Thailand Malaysia and Nepal the resulting hybrid breed of the Bhadawari and Murrah enhances the milk production of other low yielding breeds and creates a better market for liquid milk 5 India has a population of 105 million buffalos and 26 1 of the population lives in Uttar Pradesh India also has nine well recognized breeds based on their phenotypic characteristics Murrah Nili Ravi Surti Jaffarabadi Bhadawari Mehsana Nagori Toda and Pandarpuri distributed over several agroclimatic zones 6 Contents 1 Conservation 2 Physical characteristics 3 Diet 4 Calving patterns 5 Milk composition 6 ReferencesConservation EditThe pure Bhadawari breed has dwindled to a population of only several thousand because of crossbreeding with the Murrah buffalo In the area of Uttar Pradesh India Murrah buffalo traits are becoming more common Many view the germplasm of the Bhadawari extremely valuable for conservation 7 Physical characteristics EditThe Bhadawari buffaloes are medium sized copper colored and grayish black animals with two white lines at the lower side of the neck which is a distinct feature of these buffaloes The horns are curled slightly outwards parallel to the neck with the tips curled upwards They are known to be more resistant to disease and the effects of heat than other buffalo breeds which makes them ideal for a domesticated draught animal 8 Diet EditThe Bhadawari mainly subsists on coarse feed straw corn products roughage such as barley or wheat straw cornstalks sorghum and sugarcane residuals Under dire circumstances the Bhadawari can survive on low quality crop residues and green forage 7 Calving patterns EditA 2011 study in the Bundelkhand region of India was performed with the objective of documenting the calving pattern of Bhadawari and the closely relate Murrah buffaloes Areas like Bundelkhand are found throughout India as heavily dependent on livestock economics due to drought and monsoons as a whole India has 95 buffaloes per 1 000 human beings information on calving is detrimental to this region of the world At the Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute in Jhansi a herd of Bhadawari was intensely managed under a standardized system of nutritional requirements and was done so over a period of 8 years starting in 2002 All the while birth rate was kept in the view of climatological data Results indicated that rainy July Sept and autumn Oct Nov seasons yielded the highest calving rate at more than 70 whereas the lower calving rates were in the winter season at 15 48 and the summer season at 4 88 Results were then cross referenced with calving patterns across India and around other parts of the world such as Egypt The seasonality in the Bhadawari calving indicates that reproductive desire is more dependent on climatic changes than diet 9 Milk composition EditOverall buffalo milk has greater nutritional properties and values than cow milk Buffalo milk has higher levels of fat lactose protein calcium and vitamins A and C with lower levels of vitamin E riboflavin and cholesterol An absence of carotene exists and bioactive pentasaccharides and gangliosides occur that are not present in cow milk Fat globules are larger but contain less membrane material than cow milk However specific breed of buffalo does affect milk composition In a 2008 comparison of four Indian buffalo breeds the Bhadawari was shown to have more solids not fat than the Murrah which had the highest performance for fat total protein and casein contents 10 References Edit Breed data sheet Bhadawari Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Accessed September 2013 Altre razze Archived 16 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine in Italian Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Specie Bufalina Accessed September 2013 Sethi R K 2003 Buffalo Breeds of India Proceedings of Fourth Asian Buffalo Congress New Delhi India 25 to 28 Feb A K Das Deepak Sharma and Nishant Kumar 2008 Buffalo Genetic Resources in India and Their Conservation Buffalo Bulletin 27 4 265 268 Print Saifi H W Bharat Bhushan Sanjeev Kumar Pushpendra Kumar Patra B N and Sharma Arjava 2004 Genetic Identity between Bhadawari and Murrah Breeds of Indian Buffaloes Bubalus bubalis Using RAPD PCR Asian Austrian Journal of Animal Sciences Vol 17 603 607 Print Joshi J Salar R K Banerjee P Upasna S S Tantia M S amp Vijh R K 2013 Genetic Variation and Phylogenetic Relationships of Indian Buffaloes of Uttar Pradesh Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 26 9 1229 doi 10 5713 ajas 2012 12669 a b Binoy Chandra Naha Jmas Vol 1 Issue 1 2013 BUFFALO GENETIC RESOURCES IN INDIA AND THEIR CONSERVATION The Journal of MacroTrends in 1 1 2013 61 66 Web 10 October 2014 1 Arora R Vijh R Lakhchaura B Prasad R amp Tantia M 2004 Genetic diversity analysis of two buffalo populations of northern India using microsatellite markers Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 121 2 111 118 doi 10 1111 j 1439 0388 2004 00451 Kushwawa B P Sultan Sighn and S B Maity Seasonality of Calving Bhadawari and Murrah Buffaloes in Bundelkhand India Buffalo Bulletin 30 4 2011 256 261 Print El Salam Mohamed H Abd and Safinaz El Shibiny A comprehensive review on the composition and properties of buffalo milk Dairy Science amp Technology 91 6 2011 663 699 Print Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bhadawari amp oldid 1025680165, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
