Bert W. O'Malley

Bert W. O'Malley is an endocrinologist from the United States. He was born in 1936 in the Garfield section of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He received his early education at Catholic primary schools and Central Catholic High School, before pursuing higher education at the University of Pittsburgh, where he completed both his undergraduate and medical studies, graduating first in his class.^[1] It was here that he met Sally, who would become his wife and lifelong partner. The couple went on to have four children.^[2]

Bert W. O'Malley
Born	(1936-12-09) 9 December 1936 (age 87) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Nationality	American
Alma mater	University of Pittsburgh (BSc, MD), Duke University (Residency in Internal Medicine), National Institutes of Health (Research Training)
Known for	Discovery of coactivators in gene expression regulation, Advances in understanding hormone action at the molecular level, Development of therapeutic strategies for cancer and metabolic diseases
Awards	National Medal of Science (2008), Elected member of the National Academies of Sciences, Medicine, and Inventors, Over 65 honors and major awards
Scientific career
Fields	Molecular Endocrinology, Gene Regulation, Steroid Receptor-Coactivator Action
Institutions	Vanderbilt University, Baylor College of Medicine

After completing his medical degree, O'Malley moved to Duke University for residency training in Internal Medicine, followed by advanced clinical endocrine and research training at the National Institutes of Health's National Cancer Institute (NIH-NCI).^[3] During his time at NIH, O'Malley made significant contributions to endocrinology by utilizing the chick oviduct as a model to study how female sex steroids induce the synthesis of ovalbumin and avidin proteins, thus advancing the understanding of hormone regulation in endocrine organs.^[4][5]

In 1969, O'Malley joined Vanderbilt University as the Lucious Birch Professor.^[6] His research during the 1960s, a time of various competing theories on hormone function in cells, led him to be the first to demonstrate in 1972 that hormones act on DNA to induce changes in gene expression and specific mRNAs, which in turn direct all target cell functions and growth. This ground-breaking work provided clarity in the field and set the stage for future research on hormone action mediated gene expression and pharmaceutical development.^[7][8]

O'Malley's career took another significant turn in 1972 when he moved to Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, taking on the role of the Tom Thompson Distinguished Leadership Professor and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Biology. In 2019, he assumed the position of Chancellor at Baylor College of Medicine, marking a distinguished career in medical research and education. Throughout his career, O'Malley's contributions have been instrumental in advancing the understanding of hormone action at the molecular level, impacting both basic sciences and clinical practices.^[3]

Middle Scientific Career

In his research, he proposed that nuclear receptors function as transcription factors that regulate mRNA production in target cells in response to intracellular hormones. This hypothesis led him to uncover the detailed mechanisms activating steroid nuclear receptors (NRs) through the discovery of previously unidentified coactivators necessary for receptor-dependent gene transcription.^[9] In 1995, he successfully cloned the first coactivator, SRC-1, marking a significant advancement in the field.^[10] His identification of coactivators as critical elements in the regulation of the mammalian genome has significantly enhanced our molecular understanding of hormone action, including the effects of agonist and antagonist ligands and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs).^[11]

Over the course of more than 300 subsequent scholarly articles, his work underscored the crucial role of coactivators in a wide range of physiological processes and diseases, including genetics, reproduction, metabolism, inflammation, cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS) functions, with a particular emphasis on cancer research.^[12] His laboratory's publication of the first structures of full-length estrogen receptor (ER)/SRC3/p300, androgen receptor (AR)/SRC2/p300, and progesterone receptor (PR)/SRC3/p300 complexes bound to DNA are considered landmark contributions to the field.^[13] Following these discoveries, he further explored the potential of coactivator- targeted approaches in medicine.

Later Career

Bert O'Malley's early research greatly advanced the understanding of nuclear coactivator proteins and their role in the dysfunction of transcription processes associated with metabolic diseases, degeneration of the heart and brain, and notably, cancers.^[14] His work elucidated the structure and function of mammalian coregulator complexes, revealing their critical roles in transcription, oncogenic diseases, and tissue repair.^[15] This research paved the way for exploring coactivator-dependent therapies, with his laboratory discovering small molecule drugs aimed at regulating coactivators to address conditions such as cancer, metabolic diseases, stroke, and heart failure.^[16]

Further investigations led O'Malley to identify a crucial function of the SRC-3 coactivator in immune T-regulatory cells, which play a protective role against autoimmunity but can also suppress the immune system's ability to kill cancer cells.^[17] His team developed a mouse model with the SRC-3 gene specifically deleted in T-regulatory cells, finding that this modification allowed T-conventional attack cells to effectively eliminate tumors.^[18] His lab's breakthrough demonstrated that these genetically modified animals exhibited a remarkable resistance to major cancers throughout their lifespan. O'Malley's group went on to pioneer a coactivator-centric adoptive cell transfer technique aimed at cancer treatment, showing that a single injection of SRC-3-deleted T-regulatory cells could permanently eliminate existing cancers without detectable toxicity.^[19] This method has been patented and will be developed by CoRegen-BCM for clinical application.^[20]

Currently, O'Malley leads the Baylor Center for Coregulator Research, along with Drs. David Lonard, Sang-Jun Han, and Clifford Dacso. His contributions to the field of Endocrinology have earned him recognition as the Father of Molecular Endocrinology.^[3]

He is an elected member of the National Academies: of Sciences, of Medicine, and of Inventors. O'Malley has received over 65 honors and major awards, including the National Medal of Science in 2008. Throughout his career, he has mentored more than 220 scientists, published over 750 papers, and holds 33 patents related to gene regulation, molecular endocrinology, steroid receptor-coactivator action, and molecular and cell-based medical therapies.

Publications

Early Career:

1. Means AR, Comstock JP, Rosenfeld GC, O'Malley BW. Ovalbumin messenger RNA of chick oviduct: partial characterization, estrogen dependence, and translation in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972; 69(5):1146-50.^[21]

2. Onate SA, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ, O'Malley BW. Sequence and characterization of a coactivator for the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. Science. 1995;270(5240):1354.^[22]

Middle Career:

3. Yi P, Wang Z, Feng Q, Pintilie, GD, Foulds CF, Lanz, RB, Ludtke SJ, Schmid MF, Chiu W, O’Malley BW. The Structure of A Biologically Active Estrogen Receptor-Coactivator Complex on DNA. Molec. Cell. 2015.19;57(6):1047-58.^[23]

4. Song X, Chen H, Zhang C, Yu Y, Chen Z, Liang H, Van Buren II G, McElhany AL, Fisher WE, Lonard DM, O’Malley BW, Wang J. SRC-3 Inhibition Blocks Tumor Growth of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cancer Lett. 2019 Feb 1; 442: 310–319.^[24]

Later Career:

5. Mullany LK, Rohira AD, Leach JP, Kim JH, Monroe TO, Ortiz AR, Stork B, Gaber MW, Sarkar P, Silora AG, Rosengart TK, York B, Song Y, Dacso CC, Lonard DM, Martin JF, O’Malley BW. A Steroid Receptor Coactivator Stimulator (MCB-613) Prevents Adverse Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020 117: 31353-64.^[25]

6. Han SJ, Jain P, Gilad Y, Xia Y, Sung N, Park MJ, Dean AM, Lanz RB, Xu J, Dacso CC, Lonard DM, O'Malley BW. Tumor Eradication by Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 Deleted Regulatory T Cells. PNAS 2023; vol.120 May 30.^[26]

External links

• Google scholar - Bert W. O'Malley

References

1. "Request Rejected". www.225.pitt.edu. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
2. Kumar, T Rajendra (2018-02-15). "An interview with Professor Bert O' Malley". Biology of Reproduction. pp. 269–270. doi:10.1093/biolre/ioy046. PMID 29462460. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
3. "Bert W O'Malley, M.D. | BCM". www.bcm.edu. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
4. "jbc.org".
5. Hughes, Mark R.; Compton, John G.; Schrader, William T.; O'Malley, Bert W. (1981-04-01). "Interaction of the chick oviduct progesterone receptor with deoxyribonucleic acid". Biochemistry. 20 (9): 2481–2491. doi:10.1021/bi00512a019. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 7236615.
6. "Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology celebrates 50 years". BCM Family. 2023-01-25. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
7. Tata, Jamshed R. (June 2005). "One hundred years of hormones: A new name sparked multidisciplinary research in endocrinology, which shed light on chemical communication in multicellular organisms". EMBO Reports. 6 (6): 490–496. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400444. ISSN 1469-221X. PMC 1369102. PMID 15940278.
8. O’Malley, Bert W. (2005-06-01). "A Life-Long Search for the Molecular Pathways of Steroid Hormone Action". Molecular Endocrinology. 19 (6): 1402–1411. doi:10.1210/me.2004-0480. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 15914709.
9. Johnson, Amber B.; O’Malley, Bert W. (2012-01-30). "Steroid receptor coactivators 1, 2, and 3: Critical regulators of nuclear receptor activity and steroid receptor modulator (SRM)-based cancer therapy". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. Nuclear Receptor Structure: Dynamics and Function. 348 (2): 430–439. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.04.021. ISSN 0303-7207. PMC 3202666. PMID 21664237.
10. Wang, Ying; Lonard, David M.; Yu, Yang; Chow, Dar-Chone; Palzkill, Timothy G.; O'Malley, Bert W. (2011-12-01). "Small Molecule Inhibition of the Steroid Receptor Coactivators, SRC-3 and SRC-1". Molecular Endocrinology. 25 (12): 2041–2053. doi:10.1210/me.2011-1222. ISSN 0888-8809. PMC 3231837. PMID 22053001.
11. Jordan, V. Craig; O'Malley, Bert W. (2007-12-20). "Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators and Antihormonal Resistance in Breast Cancer". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 25 (36): 5815–5824. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.11.3886. ISSN 0732-183X. PMID 17893378.
12. "Bert W. O'Malley". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
13. Varisli, Lokman; Dancik, Garrett M.; Tolan, Veysel; Vlahopoulos, Spiros (January 2023). "Critical Roles of SRC-3 in the Development and Progression of Breast Cancer, Rendering It a Prospective Clinical Target". Cancers. 15 (21): 5242. doi:10.3390/cancers15215242. ISSN 2072-6694. PMC 10648290. PMID 37958417.
14. Dasgupta, Subhamoy; O'Malley, Bert W. (2014-10-01). "Transcriptional coregulators: emerging roles of SRC family of coactivators in disease pathology". Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. 53 (2): R47–R59. doi:10.1530/JME-14-0080. ISSN 1479-6813. PMC 4152414. PMID 25024406.
15. McKenna, Neil J.; Nawaz, Zafar; Tsai, Sophia Y.; Tsai, Ming-Jer; O’Malley, Bert W. (1998-09-29). "Distinct steady–state nuclear receptor coregulator complexes exist in vivo". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 95 (20): 11697–11702. Bibcode:1998PNAS...9511697M. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.20.11697. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 21703. PMID 9751728.
16. "apps.dtic.mil".
17. Han, Sang Jun; Jain, Prashi; Gilad, Yosef; Xia, Yan; Sung, Nuri; Park, Mi Jin; Dean, Adam M.; Lanz, Rainer B.; Xu, Jianming; Dacso, Clifford C.; Lonard, David M.; O'Malley, Bert W. (2023-06-06). "Steroid receptor coactivator 3 is a key modulator of regulatory T cell–mediated tumor evasion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 120 (23): e2221707120. Bibcode:2023PNAS..12021707H. doi:10.1073/pnas.2221707120. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 10266015. PMID 37253006.
18. Rodríguez, Ana (2023-06-08). "Eliminating gene SRC-3 in immune cells triggers effective long-lasting anti-cancer response". Baylor College of Medicine Blog Network. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
19. Wang, Lei; Lonard, David M.; O’Malley, Bert W. (2016-08-01). "The Role of Steroid Receptor Coactivators in Hormone Dependent Cancers and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets". Hormones and Cancer. 7 (4): 229–235. doi:10.1007/s12672-016-0261-6. ISSN 1868-8500. PMC 4930410. PMID 27125199.
20. "SRC-3: CoRegen's revolutionary approach to cancer". Drug Target Review. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
21. Chan, Lawrence; Means, Anthony R.; O'Malley, Bert W. (June 1973). "Rates of Induction of Specific Translatable Messenger RNAs for Ovalbumin and Avidin by Steroid Hormones". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 70 (6): 1870–1874. Bibcode:1973PNAS...70.1870C. doi:10.1073/pnas.70.6.1870. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 433615. PMID 4515943.
22. Yi, P.; Wang, Z.; Feng, Q.; Pintilie, G. D.; Foulds, C. E.; Lanz, R. B.; Ludtke, S. J.; Schmid, M. F.; Chiu, W.; O'Malley, B. W. (2015). "ncbi.nlm.nih.gov". Molecular Cell. 57 (6): 1047–1058. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2015.01.025. PMC 4369429. PMID 25728767.
23. Yi, P.; Wang, Z.; Feng, Q.; Pintilie, G. D.; Foulds, C. E.; Lanz, R. B.; Ludtke, S. J.; Schmid, M. F.; Chiu, W.; O'Malley, B. W. (2015). "ncbi.nlm.nih.gov". Molecular Cell. 57 (6): 1047–1058. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2015.01.025. PMC 4369429. PMID 25728767.
24. Song, X.; Chen, H.; Zhang, C.; Yu, Y.; Chen, Z.; Liang, H.; Van Buren g, I. I.; McElhany, A. L.; Fisher, W. E.; Lonard, D. M.; O'Malley, B. W.; Wang, J. (2018). "ncbi.nlm.nih.gov". Cancer Letters. 442: 310–319. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.012. PMC 6311429. PMID 30423406.
25. "europepmc.org".
26. Han, Sang Jun; Jain, Prashi; Gilad, Yosef; Xia, Yan; Sung, Nuri; Park, Mi Jin; Dean, Adam M.; Lanz, Rainer B.; Xu, Jianming; Dacso, Clifford C.; Lonard, David M.; O'Malley, Bert W. (2023-06-06). "Steroid receptor coactivator 3 is a key modulator of regulatory T cell–mediated tumor evasion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 120 (23): e2221707120. Bibcode:2023PNAS..12021707H. doi:10.1073/pnas.2221707120. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 10266015. PMID 37253006.