Johann Bernard Theodor Altum (31 January 1824 – 1 February 1900) was a German Catholic priest, zoologist, and forest scientist who also engaged in popularizing his religiously grounded understanding of science.[1]
Altum was born to shoemaker Bernard Theodor Altum and Anna Gertrude Antonette Huder of Münster, Province of Westphalia. After going to local elementary schools, he entered Paulinum Gymnasium (Münster) and graduated in 1845. Altum studied philosophy and theology in Münster, and was ordained as a priest in 1849. Later, his interests turned to zoology, a discipline that he studied under Johannes Peter Müller and Martin Lichtenstein in Berlin, obtaining a doctorate in 1855 with a thesis comparing Homer, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. From 1859 he was a lecturer at the University of Münster, then relocated in 1869 to the Academy of Forestry in Eberswalde as a successor to Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg.[2]
In his earlier work, his research primarily dealt with mammals and birds; after moving to Eberswalde, his studies were largely in the field of forest entomology.[3]
Altum, seated third from left, as part of an examination board under the ministry of agriculture and forests in Berlin, October 1893
Ernst Mayr wrote about Altum's 1868 book Der Vogel und sein Leben which included notes on territoriality in birds in 1935. Mayr noted that many English ornithologists believed that concepts of territory had been established by Eliot Howard only in 1920. Altum noted defence of territory using song, the relationship of territory size to food availability and examined how competition or the lack of it between species decided territorial conflict or overlap between two species.[2] Altum was a creationist, and when the book was printed, it was criticized by many including Alfred Brehm, with whom he particularly clashed. At a meeting of Berlin ornithologists on 6 April 1868, Brehm had commented that Altum's work was theological and teleological and was opposed to a modern understanding of zoology and that he was making birds and animals into (instinct-driven) machines by not crediting them with intelligence, thereby debasing the study of birds.[4]
As an editor of the magazine Natur und Offenbarung ("Nature and Revelation"), Altum belonged to an initially small but growing group of Catholic popularizers of zoology in Germany.[5]
Worksedit
Homeri cum Aeschyli, Sophoclis, Euripidis comparantur, (dissertation), Berlin 1855.
Winke zur Hebung des zoologischen Unterrichts (a zoology instruction manual), Münster 1863.
Die Säugetiere des Münsterlands, Münster (Mammals of "Münster country"), 1867.
Der Vogel und sein Leben, Münster 1868 (Birds and their lives); published in several editions, 7th edition 1903.
Forstzoologie (Forest zoology; volume 1: mammals, volume 2: birds, volume 3: insects; general insects and beetles).
I. Säugethiere. Second improved and enlarged edition, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1876.
II. Vögel. published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1873.
III. Insecten. 1. Abth. Allgemeines und Käfer. Second improved and enlarged edition, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1881.[6]
Referencesedit
^Andreas W. Daum, Wissenschaftspopularisierung im 19. Jahrhundert: Bürgerliche Kultur, naturwissenschaftliche Bildung und die deutsche Öffentlichkeit, 1848–1914. Munich 1998, pp. 357, 385, 388, 428, 454, 457, 473.
^ abMayr, Ernst (1935). "Bernard Altum and the territory theory". Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New York. 45–46: 24–38.
^NDB/ADB Deutsche Biographie January 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (translated biography)
^"Protokoll der III. Monats-Sitzung". Journal für Ornithologie: 211. 1868.
^Daum, Wissenschaftspopularisierung, pp. 343, 356–59, 370–1.
Andreas W. Daum, Wissenschaftspopularisierung im 19. Jahrhundert: Bürgerliche Kultur, naturwissenschaftliche Bildung und die deutsche Öffentlichkeit, 1848–1914. Munich: Oldenbourg, 1998, ISBN3-486-56337-8 (including a short biography).
External linksedit
Der Vogel und sein Leben (1903)
January 01, 1970
bernard, altum, johann, bernard, theodor, altum, january, 1824, february, 1900, german, catholic, priest, zoologist, forest, scientist, also, engaged, popularizing, religiously, grounded, understanding, science, contents, background, works, references, further. Johann Bernard Theodor Altum 31 January 1824 1 February 1900 was a German Catholic priest zoologist and forest scientist who also engaged in popularizing his religiously grounded understanding of science 1 Contents 1 Background 2 Works 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksBackground editAltum was born to shoemaker Bernard Theodor Altum and Anna Gertrude Antonette Huder of Munster Province of Westphalia After going to local elementary schools he entered Paulinum Gymnasium Munster and graduated in 1845 Altum studied philosophy and theology in Munster and was ordained as a priest in 1849 Later his interests turned to zoology a discipline that he studied under Johannes Peter Muller and Martin Lichtenstein in Berlin obtaining a doctorate in 1855 with a thesis comparing Homer Aeschylus Sophocles and Euripides From 1859 he was a lecturer at the University of Munster then relocated in 1869 to the Academy of Forestry in Eberswalde as a successor to Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg 2 In his earlier work his research primarily dealt with mammals and birds after moving to Eberswalde his studies were largely in the field of forest entomology 3 nbsp Altum seated third from left as part of an examination board under the ministry of agriculture and forests in Berlin October 1893 From 1893 to 1900 he was president of the German Ornithologists Society Ernst Mayr wrote about Altum s 1868 book Der Vogel und sein Leben which included notes on territoriality in birds in 1935 Mayr noted that many English ornithologists believed that concepts of territory had been established by Eliot Howard only in 1920 Altum noted defence of territory using song the relationship of territory size to food availability and examined how competition or the lack of it between species decided territorial conflict or overlap between two species 2 Altum was a creationist and when the book was printed it was criticized by many including Alfred Brehm with whom he particularly clashed At a meeting of Berlin ornithologists on 6 April 1868 Brehm had commented that Altum s work was theological and teleological and was opposed to a modern understanding of zoology and that he was making birds and animals into instinct driven machines by not crediting them with intelligence thereby debasing the study of birds 4 As an editor of the magazine Natur und Offenbarung Nature and Revelation Altum belonged to an initially small but growing group of Catholic popularizers of zoology in Germany 5 Works editHomeri cum Aeschyli Sophoclis Euripidis comparantur dissertation Berlin 1855 Winke zur Hebung des zoologischen Unterrichts a zoology instruction manual Munster 1863 Die Saugetiere des Munsterlands Munster Mammals of Munster country 1867 Der Vogel und sein Leben Munster 1868 Birds and their lives published in several editions 7th edition 1903 Forstzoologie Forest zoology volume 1 mammals volume 2 birds volume 3 insects general insects and beetles I Saugethiere Second improved and enlarged edition published by Julius Springer Berlin 1876 II Vogel published by Julius Springer Berlin 1873 III Insecten 1 Abth Allgemeines und Kafer Second improved and enlarged edition published by Julius Springer Berlin 1881 6 References edit Andreas W Daum Wissenschaftspopularisierung im 19 Jahrhundert Burgerliche Kultur naturwissenschaftliche Bildung und die deutsche Offentlichkeit 1848 1914 Munich 1998 pp 357 385 388 428 454 457 473 a b Mayr Ernst 1935 Bernard Altum and the territory theory Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New York 45 46 24 38 NDB ADB Deutsche Biographie Archived January 5 2016 at the Wayback Machine translated biography Protokoll der III Monats Sitzung Journal fur Ornithologie 211 1868 Daum Wissenschaftspopularisierung pp 343 356 59 370 1 Deutsche Wikisource bibliography Further reading editAndreas W Daum Wissenschaftspopularisierung im 19 Jahrhundert Burgerliche Kultur naturwissenschaftliche Bildung und die deutsche Offentlichkeit 1848 1914 Munich Oldenbourg 1998 ISBN 3 486 56337 8 including a short biography External links editDer Vogel und sein Leben 1903 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bernard Altum amp oldid 1170833068, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
