The son of German classical scholar and archaeologistChristian Gottlob Heyne and Therese Weiss, daughter of German composer and lutenistSylvius Leopold Weiss, Benjamin Heyne was born in Döbra, Germany. In later life, Heyne joined the Tranquebar Mission run by Moravians where he took an interest in the botanical gardens. Through William Roxburgh he obtained a position in the Madras Presidency as a botanist at Samalkot around 1794. He was involved in introducing new food plants to overcome famines and these included potatoes and breadfruit. After the fall of Tipu Sultan, he was appointed to look for a new site for a botanical garden in Mysore and he chose Lalbagh. He moved many specimens from Samalkot to Lalbagh. He was formally titled "Naturalist and Botanist" in 1802.[1] Heyne made an observation in 1815 that Bryophyllum calycinum was more acidic in taste in the morning than in the afternoon, among the earliest observations on Crassulacean acid metabolism.[2]
Geological map of the Circars, 1814. One of the oldest geological maps of India.
Heyne married Charlotte Rebecca, daughter of L.C. Topander of Jaganaikepuram in May 1803. A mistress, Mrs Maria Clasina Heyne is recorded of having died at Hyderabad on 9 April 1809 while his wife Charlotte died in Bangalore on 29 July 1816. Heyne died at Vepery.[3]
"A decided superiority must be given to useful plants over those which are merely recommended by their rarity or their beauty,... to collect with care all that is connected with the arts and manufacturers of this country, or that promises to be useful in our own; to give due attention to the timber employed in the various provinces of his route,... and to collect with particular diligence the valuable plants connected with his own immediate profession, i.e. medicine."[4]
An important task assigned to the colonial botanical gardens was dealing with malaria, the largest obstacle to colonial expansion.[4] Heyne was placed in charge of the Lalbagh botanical garden till 1812. He did a great deal of collecting at Coimbatore and Bangalore and compiled a large collection of plant specimens which were forwarded to London. He collected more than 350 species from the Western Ghats and more than 200 species were named by him.[5] He sent about 1500 of his Indian botanical specimens to the German botanist Albrecht Wilhelm Roth, whose work Novae plantarum species praesertim Indiae orientali (a book of Indian flora) is largely based on Heyne's botanical specimens.[6]
Mysore surveyedit
North West View of Nandydroog
Benjamin Heyne was assistant to Francis Buchanan on his Mysore Survey. He recorded in his Journal, his visits to sites with Col. Colin Mackenzie : "To Sautgur Hill (near Conjeeveram) with Mackenzie. Of the Sienite, they made formerly Cannon balls of which many are found lying all over the Hill." and at Nandydroog which was: "this morning cloathed with a white fog, when the rest of the country was Clear. The country hereabouts pretty well cultivated. Yesterday morning was with Capt. Mackenzie in the Fort, in which the houses, very few excepted, were empty. The garden in it that was formerly famous is entirely neglected and nothing in it worth attention but a few apple and coffee Trees."[7] Dr. Benjamin Heyne died at Madras in 1819.
1793. "Plants of the Coromandel coast: a collection of watercolor botanical drawings of 394 plants and flora". Not published
1800. Joseph Joinville, Thomas John Newbold, James Sowerby, Benjamin Heyne, Mark Wilks, HW Voysey, Theodore Edward Cantor, J. Postaus, John Grant Malcolmson. "List of minerals contained in the Museum of the Honble East India Company". 76 pp.
1813 February. "On the formation of sulphur in India", Benjamin Heyne, East India Company, Madras Army, doi:10.1080/14786441308638711, Philosophical Magazine Series 1, Volume 41, Issue 178 pages 101 - 104, Now published as: Philosophical Magazine Series 2
In 1814, Dr. Heyne authored his major work: "Tracts, historical and statistical, on India: with journals of several tours through various parts of the peninsula: also, an account of Sumatra, in a series of letters", 462 pp., printed for R. Baldwin and Black, Parry and Co.,[9]
1819. "On the Deoxidation of the Leaves of Cotyledon calysina": in a Letter to A. B. Lambert. 3 pp. (this was among the earliest evidences for what is now known as Crassulacean acid metabolism)
^MacGregor, Arthur (2018). "European Enlightenment in India: An episode of Anglo-German collaboration in the natural sciences on the Coromandel Coast, Late 1700s- Early 1800s". In MacGregor, Arthur (ed.). Naturalists in the Field: Collecting, Recording and Preserving the Natural World from the Fifteenth to the Twenty-First Century. Brill. pp. 384–386.
^Bonner, Walter; Bonner, James (1948). "The Role of Carbon Dioxide in Acid Formation by Succulent Plants". American Journal of Botany. 35 (2): 113–117. doi:10.2307/2437894. ISSN 0002-9122. JSTOR 2437894.
^Cotton, Julian James (1946). List of inscriptions on tombs or monuments in Madras possessing historical or archaeological interest. Volume II. Madras: Government Press. p. 116.
^ abKochhar, R. K. (10 December 1992). "Science in British India. I. Colonial tool". Current Science. 63 (11). Indian Academy of Sciences: 689–694.
^. xomba. 2009. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2010.
^Turner, I.M. (2021). "Heyne, Roth, Roemer and Schultes, and the plant names published in Novae plantarum species praesertim Indiae orientalis". Taxon. 70 (2): 365–428. doi:10.1002/tax.12449. ISSN 0040-0262. S2CID 233711250.
^"4.28 Col. Colin Mackenzie (1754-1821)". Scotts, Biographical active archive. National Galleries of Scotland. 2000. Retrieved 23 March 2010.
^Benjamin, Heyne (1814). Tracts, historical and statistical, on India: with journals of several tours through various parts of the peninsula: also, an account of Sumatra, in a series of letters. R. Baldwin and Black, Parry and Co. OCLC 13319038.
benjamin, heyne, 1770, pirna, döbra, february, 1819, madras, german, botanist, naturalist, surgeon, worked, british, india, botanist, samalkot, madras, presidency, under, british, east, india, company, collected, described, plants, from, southern, india, many,. Benjamin Heyne FLS 1770 Pirna Dobra 6 February 1819 Madras was a German botanist naturalist and surgeon who worked in British India as a Botanist to Samalkot in the Madras Presidency under the British East India Company He collected and described plants from southern India many of which were named after him by European botanists Contents 1 Life and work in India 2 Bangalore collections 3 Mysore survey 4 Publications 5 ReferencesLife and work in India editThe son of German classical scholar and archaeologist Christian Gottlob Heyne and Therese Weiss daughter of German composer and lutenist Sylvius Leopold Weiss Benjamin Heyne was born in Dobra Germany In later life Heyne joined the Tranquebar Mission run by Moravians where he took an interest in the botanical gardens Through William Roxburgh he obtained a position in the Madras Presidency as a botanist at Samalkot around 1794 He was involved in introducing new food plants to overcome famines and these included potatoes and breadfruit After the fall of Tipu Sultan he was appointed to look for a new site for a botanical garden in Mysore and he chose Lalbagh He moved many specimens from Samalkot to Lalbagh He was formally titled Naturalist and Botanist in 1802 1 Heyne made an observation in 1815 that Bryophyllum calycinum was more acidic in taste in the morning than in the afternoon among the earliest observations on Crassulacean acid metabolism 2 nbsp Geological map of the Circars 1814 One of the oldest geological maps of India Heyne married Charlotte Rebecca daughter of L C Topander of Jaganaikepuram in May 1803 A mistress Mrs Maria Clasina Heyne is recorded of having died at Hyderabad on 9 April 1809 while his wife Charlotte died in Bangalore on 29 July 1816 Heyne died at Vepery 3 Bangalore collections editIn 1800 after the fall of Mysore the Lalbagh botanical garden at Bangalore was appropriated by the British East India Company as a depository for useful plants sent from different parts of the country Dr Benjamin Heyne the Company s botanist at Madras was ordered by the Governor General Richard Wellesley to accompany the Surveyor with the following instructions A decided superiority must be given to useful plants over those which are merely recommended by their rarity or their beauty to collect with care all that is connected with the arts and manufacturers of this country or that promises to be useful in our own to give due attention to the timber employed in the various provinces of his route and to collect with particular diligence the valuable plants connected with his own immediate profession i e medicine 4 An important task assigned to the colonial botanical gardens was dealing with malaria the largest obstacle to colonial expansion 4 Heyne was placed in charge of the Lalbagh botanical garden till 1812 He did a great deal of collecting at Coimbatore and Bangalore and compiled a large collection of plant specimens which were forwarded to London He collected more than 350 species from the Western Ghats and more than 200 species were named by him 5 He sent about 1500 of his Indian botanical specimens to the German botanist Albrecht Wilhelm Roth whose work Novae plantarum species praesertim Indiae orientali a book of Indian flora is largely based on Heyne s botanical specimens 6 Mysore survey edit nbsp North West View of NandydroogBenjamin Heyne was assistant to Francis Buchanan on his Mysore Survey He recorded in his Journal his visits to sites with Col Colin Mackenzie To Sautgur Hill near Conjeeveram with Mackenzie Of the Sienite they made formerly Cannon balls of which many are found lying all over the Hill and at Nandydroog which was this morning cloathed with a white fog when the rest of the country was Clear The country hereabouts pretty well cultivated Yesterday morning was with Capt Mackenzie in the Fort in which the houses very few excepted were empty The garden in it that was formerly famous is entirely neglected and nothing in it worth attention but a few apple and coffee Trees 7 Dr Benjamin Heyne died at Madras in 1819 Publications editThe standard author abbreviation B Heyne is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name 8 1793 Plants of the Coromandel coast a collection of watercolor botanical drawings of 394 plants and flora Not published 1800 Joseph Joinville Thomas John Newbold James Sowerby Benjamin Heyne Mark Wilks HW Voysey Theodore Edward Cantor J Postaus John Grant Malcolmson List of minerals contained in the Museum of the Honble East India Company 76 pp 1813 February On the formation of sulphur in India Benjamin Heyne East India Company Madras Army doi 10 1080 14786441308638711 Philosophical Magazine Series 1 Volume 41 Issue 178 pages 101 104 Now published as Philosophical Magazine Series 2 In 1814 Dr Heyne authored his major work Tracts historical and statistical on India with journals of several tours through various parts of the peninsula also an account of Sumatra in a series of letters 462 pp printed for R Baldwin and Black Parry and Co 9 1819 On the Deoxidation of the Leaves of Cotyledon calysina in a Letter to A B Lambert 3 pp this was among the earliest evidences for what is now known as Crassulacean acid metabolism 1818 P J Siddons Benjamin Heyne An examination of so much of the tracts historical and statistical on India amp c amp c amp c by Benjamin Heyne as Related to the account of Sumatra with various notices on the subjects of cannibalism slavery amp c A J Valpy 99 pp References edit MacGregor Arthur 2018 European Enlightenment in India An episode of Anglo German collaboration in the natural sciences on the Coromandel Coast Late 1700s Early 1800s In MacGregor Arthur ed Naturalists in the Field Collecting Recording and Preserving the Natural World from the Fifteenth to the Twenty First Century Brill pp 384 386 Bonner Walter Bonner James 1948 The Role of Carbon Dioxide in Acid Formation by Succulent Plants American Journal of Botany 35 2 113 117 doi 10 2307 2437894 ISSN 0002 9122 JSTOR 2437894 Cotton Julian James 1946 List of inscriptions on tombs or monuments in Madras possessing historical or archaeological interest Volume II Madras Government Press p 116 a b Kochhar R K 10 December 1992 Science in British India I Colonial tool Current Science 63 11 Indian Academy of Sciences 689 694 Lalbagh Bangalore The Flower show 2009 xomba 2009 Archived from the original on 25 July 2011 Retrieved 23 March 2010 Turner I M 2021 Heyne Roth Roemer and Schultes and the plant names published in Novae plantarum species praesertim Indiae orientalis Taxon 70 2 365 428 doi 10 1002 tax 12449 ISSN 0040 0262 S2CID 233711250 4 28 Col Colin Mackenzie 1754 1821 Scotts Biographical active archive National Galleries of Scotland 2000 Retrieved 23 March 2010 International Plant Names Index B Heyne Benjamin Heyne 1814 Tracts historical and statistical on India with journals of several tours through various parts of the peninsula also an account of Sumatra in a series of letters R Baldwin and Black Parry and Co OCLC 13319038 Preceded byWilliam Roxburgh Naturalist to the H E I C at Madras1793 1819 Succeeded byWilliam Somervell Mitchell Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Benjamin Heyne amp oldid 1192576060, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
