Beekeeping in New Zealand is reported to have commenced in 1839 with the importing of two skep hives by Mary Bumby, a missionary.[1] It has since become an established industry as well a hobby activity.
European honeybees were brought to New Zealand in 1839.[2] The Maori called them “the white man’s fly.”[3] Commercial beekeeping began in 1878 soon after the introduction of the Langstroth hive.
Isaac Hopkins (1837-1925) has been called the “father of beekeeping” in New Zealand.[4] He arrived in 1858 and went on to become a successful beekeeper, government apiarist and inspector of apiaries. He is the author of The illustrated New Zealand bee manual (1881) and The illustrated Australasian bee manual (1886). In his will he bequeathed £3000 to the Cawthron Institute in Nelson, New Zealand, for bee research.[5]
There are 28 species of native bees in New Zealand. They pollinate plants but do not produce enough honey for commercial harvesting.
IndustryEdit
New Zealand had 6,735 registered beekeepers in June 2016, who owned more than 600,000 hives in over 42,000 apiaries.[6] In 2015/16 total honey production was 19.8 thousand tonnes. The production of manuka honey, valued for its antibacterial properties, is increasingly important. Pollen, beeswax, and propolis are also produced and exported. Beekeepers provide pollination services to horticulturists, which used to generate more income than the products of bee culture. However, rising honey prices have pushed pollination fees to keep up. Approximately 42 thousand live queen bees, and 38 tonnes of packaged bees (which include approximately one kilogram of worker bees to support the queen) are exported live each year.[7]
The National Beekeepers' Association of New Zealand established "National Bee Week".[8]
The Green Party are calling for a phase out of pesticides that are toxic to bees as is happening in the European Union.[9]
Honey containing the poisonous tutin can be produced by bees feeding on honeydew produced by sap-sucking vine hopper insects (genus Scolypopa) feeding on tutu, a plant native to New Zealand.[10] The last recorded deaths from eating honey containing tutin were in the 1890s.[11]
In May 2011 there were fears the colony collapse disorder had begun in New Zealand. Losses of up to 30% had been reported with Canterbury and Poverty Bay being hardest hit.[12] This suspicion was not confirmed, but high losses with an aetiology matching CCD could be observed in parts of the North Island in 2015,[13] reigniting these fears.
There were 925,000 registered hives in New Zealand by 2019.[14]
Pests include Nosema apis, Malpighamoeba mellifica and acarine mites. American foulbrood is present in a small percentage of hives with Sac brood and Chalk brood occurring in isolated cases.[15]
European foulbrood is not present in New Zealand.[17] In the 1990s suspected cases of European foulbrood were found and a wider survey of hives was carried out but the samples proved to be negative.[18]
^Gillingham, Allan. "Beekeeping". Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. New Zealand Government. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
^Hopkins, Isaac (1886). The illustrated Australasian bee manual and complete guide to modern bee culture in the southern hemisphere (Third ed.). Auckland, New Zealand. p. 9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^"Obituary Mr I. Hopkins". Waikato Times: 5. 21 July 1925.
^National Bee Week 14 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine – National Beekeepers' Association of New Zealand
^. Archived from the original on 10 May 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
^Background on toxic honey, New Zealand Food Safety Authority
^Johnston, Martin. Specialists expected tutin honey outbreak, The New Zealand Herald. 26 March 2008.
^Chug, Kuran (7 May 2011). "Fears bee colony collapse has arrived". Dominion Post. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
^"Bee deaths raise fears of colony collapse". 2 August 2015.
^“Beekeeping,”:Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, online, p.1, accessed 15 April 2021
^Palmer-Jones, T (1964). (PDF). The New Zealand Entomologist. New Zealand Entomological Society, Inc. 3 (3): 41–44. doi:10.1080/00779962.1964.9722833. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011.
^"History". American foulbrood Pest Management Strategy. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
^"European foulbrood disease". MAF Biosecurity New Zealand. 22 October 2008. from the original on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
^"European foulbrood disease: Status of New Zealand's honey bees". MAF Biosecurity New Zealand. 7 August 2008. from the original on 30 December 2010. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
^. Archived from the original on 4 July 2008. Retrieved 17 November 2008.
^Biosecurity New Zealand – Unwanted Organisms Register
^Matheson, Andrew; Murray Reid (5 August 2011). Practical Beekeeping in New Zealand. Exisle Publishing. ISBN978-1-877568-52-7.
^"Apiaries" (PDF). New Zealand government. 1908. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
Further readingEdit
Walsh, R. S. (February 1978). . National Beekeepers Association of New Zealand (Inc). Archived from the original on 19 August 2010. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
Goodwin, Mark; Van Eaton, Cliff (2001). Control of Varroa: A Guide for New Zealand Beekeepers(PDF). New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. ISBN0-478-07958-3.
Goodwin, Mark. Elimination of American foulbrood without the use of drugs: A Practical Manual for Beekeepers. National Beekeepers Association of New Zealand Inc.
External linksEdit
– Varroa mite page
American Foulbrood Pest Management Strategy
Apiaries Act 1969 (repealed)
Beekeeping Clubs in New Zealand – A Map for kiwi Beekeepers
OrganisationsEdit
Apiculture New Zealand
Auckland Hobbyist Beekeepers Club
Christchurch Hobbyist Beekeepers Club
Wellington Beekeepers Association
October 24, 2023
beekeeping, zealand, reported, have, commenced, 1839, with, importing, skep, hives, mary, bumby, missionary, since, become, established, industry, well, hobby, activity, using, honey, extractor, process, honeycomb, from, urban, hives, auckland, zealand, conten. Beekeeping in New Zealand is reported to have commenced in 1839 with the importing of two skep hives by Mary Bumby a missionary 1 It has since become an established industry as well a hobby activity Using a honey extractor to process honeycomb from urban hives in Auckland New Zealand Contents 1 History 2 Industry 3 Pest and diseases 3 1 American foulbrood 3 2 European foulbrood 3 3 Varroa mite 4 Legislation 5 Noted beekeepers 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links 9 1 OrganisationsHistory EditEuropean honeybees were brought to New Zealand in 1839 2 The Maori called them the white man s fly 3 Commercial beekeeping began in 1878 soon after the introduction of the Langstroth hive Isaac Hopkins 1837 1925 has been called the father of beekeeping in New Zealand 4 He arrived in 1858 and went on to become a successful beekeeper government apiarist and inspector of apiaries He is the author of The illustrated New Zealand bee manual 1881 and The illustrated Australasian bee manual 1886 In his will he bequeathed 3000 to the Cawthron Institute in Nelson New Zealand for bee research 5 There are 28 species of native bees in New Zealand They pollinate plants but do not produce enough honey for commercial harvesting Industry EditNew Zealand had 6 735 registered beekeepers in June 2016 who owned more than 600 000 hives in over 42 000 apiaries 6 In 2015 16 total honey production was 19 8 thousand tonnes The production of manuka honey valued for its antibacterial properties is increasingly important Pollen beeswax and propolis are also produced and exported Beekeepers provide pollination services to horticulturists which used to generate more income than the products of bee culture However rising honey prices have pushed pollination fees to keep up Approximately 42 thousand live queen bees and 38 tonnes of packaged bees which include approximately one kilogram of worker bees to support the queen are exported live each year 7 The National Beekeepers Association of New Zealand established National Bee Week 8 The Green Party are calling for a phase out of pesticides that are toxic to bees as is happening in the European Union 9 Honey containing the poisonous tutin can be produced by bees feeding on honeydew produced by sap sucking vine hopper insects genus Scolypopa feeding on tutu a plant native to New Zealand 10 The last recorded deaths from eating honey containing tutin were in the 1890s 11 In May 2011 there were fears the colony collapse disorder had begun in New Zealand Losses of up to 30 had been reported with Canterbury and Poverty Bay being hardest hit 12 This suspicion was not confirmed but high losses with an aetiology matching CCD could be observed in parts of the North Island in 2015 13 reigniting these fears There were 925 000 registered hives in New Zealand by 2019 14 Pest and diseases EditSee also Diseases of the honey bee Pests include Nosema apis Malpighamoeba mellifica and acarine mites American foulbrood is present in a small percentage of hives with Sac brood and Chalk brood occurring in isolated cases 15 American foulbrood Edit American foulbrood has been present in New Zealand since 1877 16 European foulbrood Edit European foulbrood is not present in New Zealand 17 In the 1990s suspected cases of European foulbrood were found and a wider survey of hives was carried out but the samples proved to be negative 18 Varroa mite Edit The Varroa destructor mite a parasite that attacks honey bees was discovered in the North Island of New Zealand in 2000 and the South Island in 2008 19 The Varroa mite is classed as a Notifiable Organism under the Biosecurity Act 20 Legislation EditFormer or current legislation relevant to beekeeping in New Zealand include 21 Apiaries Act 1908 22 Apiaries Act 1969 repealed Resource Management Act 1991 Biosecurity Act 1993 Local Government Act 2002There is also legislation relating to the bee products themselves Noted beekeepers EditJosip Babich William Cotton Marianne Gittos Edmund Hillary Isaac Hopkins William JordanSee also EditAgriculture in New Zealand Biosecurity in New Zealand Manuka honey a honey often marketed for its health benefits BeekeepingReferences Edit Otago Daily Times 21 August 1923 p 2 Gillingham Allan Beekeeping Encyclopaedia of New Zealand New Zealand Government Retrieved 15 April 2021 Hopkins Isaac 1886 The illustrated Australasian bee manual and complete guide to modern bee culture in the southern hemisphere Third ed Auckland New Zealand p 9 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Obituary Mr I Hopkins Waikato Times 5 21 July 1925 3000 for research Press 4 22 July 1925 2016 Apiculture Monitoring Programme Farm Monitoring Report NZ Apiculture Report 2014 National Bee Week Archived 14 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine National Beekeepers Association of New Zealand Stop poisoning Bees Archived from the original on 10 May 2009 Retrieved 8 May 2009 Background on toxic honey New Zealand Food Safety Authority Johnston Martin Specialists expected tutin honey outbreak The New Zealand Herald 26 March 2008 Chug Kuran 7 May 2011 Fears bee colony collapse has arrived Dominion Post Retrieved 7 May 2011 Bee deaths raise fears of colony collapse 2 August 2015 Beekeeping Encyclopaedia of New Zealand online p 1 accessed 15 April 2021 Palmer Jones T 1964 Diseases of honey bees in New Zealand PDF The New Zealand Entomologist New Zealand Entomological Society Inc 3 3 41 44 doi 10 1080 00779962 1964 9722833 Archived from the original PDF on 21 July 2011 History American foulbrood Pest Management Strategy Retrieved 5 February 2011 European foulbrood disease MAF Biosecurity New Zealand 22 October 2008 Archived from the original on 29 December 2010 Retrieved 4 February 2011 European foulbrood disease Status of New Zealand s honey bees MAF Biosecurity New Zealand 7 August 2008 Archived from the original on 30 December 2010 Retrieved 4 February 2011 Varroa Mite MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Archived from the original on 4 July 2008 Retrieved 17 November 2008 Biosecurity New Zealand Unwanted Organisms Register Matheson Andrew Murray Reid 5 August 2011 Practical Beekeeping in New Zealand Exisle Publishing ISBN 978 1 877568 52 7 Apiaries PDF New Zealand government 1908 Retrieved 26 January 2012 Further reading EditWalsh R S February 1978 Nectar and Pollen Sources of New Zealand National Beekeepers Association of New Zealand Inc Archived from the original on 19 August 2010 Retrieved 5 February 2011 Goodwin Mark Van Eaton Cliff 2001 Control of Varroa A Guide for New Zealand Beekeepers PDF New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry ISBN 0 478 07958 3 Goodwin Mark Elimination of American foulbrood without the use of drugs A Practical Manual for Beekeepers National Beekeepers Association of New Zealand Inc External links EditBiosecurity New Zealand Varroa mite page American Foulbrood Pest Management Strategy Apiaries Act 1969 repealed Beekeeping Clubs in New Zealand A Map for kiwi BeekeepersOrganisations Edit Apiculture New Zealand New Zealand Beekeepers Forum Auckland Hobbyist Beekeepers Club Christchurch Hobbyist Beekeepers Club Wellington Beekeepers Association Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Beekeeping in New Zealand amp oldid 1092839799, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
