This article is missing information about telescopic beam expanders. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page.(June 2013)
Beam expanders are optical devices that take a collimated beam of light and expand its size (or, used in reverse, reduce its size).
In laser physics they are used either as intracavity or extracavity elements. They can be telescopic in nature or prismatic. Generally prismatic beam expanders use several prisms and are known as multiple-prism beam expanders.
Telescopic beam expanders include refracting and reflective telescopes.[1] A refracting telescope commonly used is the Galilean telescope which can function as a simple beam expander for collimated light. The main advantage of the Galilean design is that it never focuses a collimated beam to a point, so effects associated with high power density such as dielectric breakdown are more avoidable than with focusing designs such as the Keplerian telescope. When used as intracavity beam expanders, in laser resonators, these telescopes provide two-dimensional beam expansion in the 20–50 range.[1]
In tunable laser resonators intracavity beam expansion usually illuminates the whole width of a diffraction grating.[2] Thus beam expansion reduces the beam divergence and enables the emission of very narrow linewidths[3] which is a desired feature for many analytical applications including laser spectroscopy.[4][5]
Long-pulse tunable laser oscillator utilizing a multiple-prism beam expander[6]
Multiple-prism beam expanders usually deploy two to five prisms to yield large one-dimensional beam expansion factors. Designs applicable to tunable lasers with beam expansion factors of up to 200 have been disclosed in the literature.[3] Initially multiple-prism grating configurations were introduced in narrow-linewidth liquid dye lasers[1][7] but eventually were also adopted in gas, solid-state, and diode laser designs.[3] The generalized mathematical description of multiple-prism beam expanders, introduced by Duarte,[8] is known as the multiple-prism dispersion theory.[1][3]
Multiple-prism beam expanders and arrays can also be described using ray transfer matrices.[9] The multiple-prism dispersion theory is also available in 4 × 4 matrix form.[3][10] These matrix equations are applicable either to prism pulse compressors or multiple-prism beam expanders.[3]
Extra-cavity beam shaping
Extra cavity hybrid beam transformers: using a telescopic beam expander, followed by a convex lens, followed by a multiple-prism beam expander, a laser beam (with a circular cross section) can be transformed into an extremely elongated beam, in the plane of propagation, while extremely thin in the orthogonal plane.[3][11] The resulting plane illumination, with a near one-dimensional (or line) cross section, eliminates the need of point-by-point scanning and has become important for applications such as N-slit interferometry, microdensitometry, and microscopy. This type of illumination can also be known in the literature as light sheet illumination or selective plane illumination.
^ Duarte, F. J.; Piper, J. (1980). "A double-prism beam expander for pulsed dye lasers". Optics Communications. 35 (1): 100–104. Bibcode:1980OptCo..35..100D. doi:10.1016/0030-4018(80)90368-5.
^ Duarte, F. J.; Piper, J. (1982). "Dispersion theory of multiple-prism beam expanders for pulsed dye lasers". Optics Communications. 43 (5): 303–307. Bibcode:1982OptCo..43..303D. doi:10.1016/0030-4018(82)90216-4.
^ Duarte, F. J. (1989). "Ray transfer matrix analysis of multiple-prism dye laser oscillators". Optical and Quantum Electronics. 21: 47–54. doi:10.1007/BF02199466. S2CID 122811020.
^ Duarte, F. J. (1992). "Multiple-prism dispersion and 4×4 ray transfer matrices". Optical and Quantum Electronics. 24: 49–53. doi:10.1007/BF01234278. S2CID 121055172.
Schematics of practical multiple-prism arrangements.
March 25, 2023
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This article is missing information about telescopic beam expanders Please expand the article to include this information Further details may exist on the talk page June 2013 Beam expanders are optical devices that take a collimated beam of light and expand its size or used in reverse reduce its size In laser physics they are used either as intracavity or extracavity elements They can be telescopic in nature or prismatic Generally prismatic beam expanders use several prisms and are known as multiple prism beam expanders Telescopic beam expanders include refracting and reflective telescopes 1 A refracting telescope commonly used is the Galilean telescope which can function as a simple beam expander for collimated light The main advantage of the Galilean design is that it never focuses a collimated beam to a point so effects associated with high power density such as dielectric breakdown are more avoidable than with focusing designs such as the Keplerian telescope When used as intracavity beam expanders in laser resonators these telescopes provide two dimensional beam expansion in the 20 50 range 1 In tunable laser resonators intracavity beam expansion usually illuminates the whole width of a diffraction grating 2 Thus beam expansion reduces the beam divergence and enables the emission of very narrow linewidths 3 which is a desired feature for many analytical applications including laser spectroscopy 4 5 Contents 1 Multiple prism beam expanders 2 Extra cavity beam shaping 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksMultiple prism beam expanders Edit Long pulse tunable laser oscillator utilizing a multiple prism beam expander 6 Multiple prism beam expanders usually deploy two to five prisms to yield large one dimensional beam expansion factors Designs applicable to tunable lasers with beam expansion factors of up to 200 have been disclosed in the literature 3 Initially multiple prism grating configurations were introduced in narrow linewidth liquid dye lasers 1 7 but eventually were also adopted in gas solid state and diode laser designs 3 The generalized mathematical description of multiple prism beam expanders introduced by Duarte 8 is known as the multiple prism dispersion theory 1 3 Multiple prism beam expanders and arrays can also be described using ray transfer matrices 9 The multiple prism dispersion theory is also available in 4 4 matrix form 3 10 These matrix equations are applicable either to prism pulse compressors or multiple prism beam expanders 3 Extra cavity beam shaping EditExtra cavity hybrid beam transformers using a telescopic beam expander followed by a convex lens followed by a multiple prism beam expander a laser beam with a circular cross section can be transformed into an extremely elongated beam in the plane of propagation while extremely thin in the orthogonal plane 3 11 The resulting plane illumination with a near one dimensional or line cross section eliminates the need of point by point scanning and has become important for applications such as N slit interferometry microdensitometry and microscopy This type of illumination can also be known in the literature as light sheet illumination or selective plane illumination See also EditLaser communication in space Microdensitometer Multiple prism dispersion theory Multiple prism grating laser oscillators N Slit interferometer Ray transfer matrix analysisReferences Edit a b c d Duarte F J 1990 Narrow linewidth pulsed dye Laser oscillators In Duarte F J Hillman L W eds Dye Laser Principles Academic Press ISBN 978 0 12 222700 4 Hansch T W 1972 Repetitively pulsed tunable dye laser for high resolution spectroscopy Applied Optics 11 4 895 898 Bibcode 1972ApOpt 11 895H doi 10 1364 AO 11 000895 PMID 20119064 a b c d e f g Duarte F J 2015 Tunable Laser Optics 2nd ed CRC Press ISBN 978 1 4822 4529 5 Demtroder W 2007 Laserspektroscopie Grundlagen und Techniken in German 5th ed Springer ISBN 978 3 540 33792 8 Demtroder W 2008 Laser Spectroscopy Volume 1 Basic Principles 4th ed Springer ISBN 978 3 540 73415 4 Duarte Francisco J Taylor Travis S Costela Angel Garcia Moreno Inmaculada Sastre Roberto 1998 Long pulse narrow linewidth dispersive solid state dye laser oscillator Applied Optics 37 18 3987 3989 Bibcode 1998ApOpt 37 3987D doi 10 1364 ao 37 003987 PMID 18273368 Duarte F J Piper J 1980 A double prism beam expander for pulsed dye lasers Optics Communications 35 1 100 104 Bibcode 1980OptCo 35 100D doi 10 1016 0030 4018 80 90368 5 Duarte F J Piper J 1982 Dispersion theory of multiple prism beam expanders for pulsed dye lasers Optics Communications 43 5 303 307 Bibcode 1982OptCo 43 303D doi 10 1016 0030 4018 82 90216 4 Duarte F J 1989 Ray transfer matrix analysis of multiple prism dye laser oscillators Optical and Quantum Electronics 21 47 54 doi 10 1007 BF02199466 S2CID 122811020 Duarte F J 1992 Multiple prism dispersion and 4 4 ray transfer matrices Optical and Quantum Electronics 24 49 53 doi 10 1007 BF01234278 S2CID 121055172 Duarte F J 1991 Chapter 2 High Power Dye Lasers Springer Verlag ISBN 978 0 387 54066 5 External links EditSchematics of practical multiple prism arrangements Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Beam expander amp oldid 1084488967, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
