This article is about the 1215 battle. For a list of other battles also called "Battle of Beijing", see Battle of Beijing.
The Battle of Zhongdu (present-day Beijing) was a battle in 1215 between the Mongols and the Jurchen Jin dynasty, which controlled northern China.[1] The Mongols won and continued their conquest of China.
The year 1211 marked the beginning of the war between the Mongols and the Jin Dynasty. The Jin Dynasty was able to hold Genghis Khan (Temüjin) and his Mongol army at bay for the first two years of the war.
Throughout this time, however, Temüjin continued to build his forces and by 1213 had an army so powerful that it conquered all Jin territory up to the Great Wall of China. From this strategic location Temüjin made the decision to split his forces into three smaller armies in an attempt to break through the wall and finish his conquest of northern China. He sent his brother, Kasar, at the head of one of these armies east into Manchuria. He sent another army south toward Shanxi under command of his three oldest sons. He himself led the third army, along with his son Tuli, towards Shandong. The plan was a success, as all three armies broke through the wall in different places.
According to Ivar Lissner, the besieged inhabitants resorted to firing gold and silver cannon shot on the Mongols with their muzzle-loading cannons when their supply of metal for ammunition ran out.[3][4][5]
The battle for Beijing was long and tiresome, but the Mongols proved to be more powerful as they finally took the city on 1 June 1215,[6] massacring its inhabitants. This forced Jin Emperor Xuanzong to move his capital south to Kaifeng, and opened the Yellow River valley to further Mongol ravages. Kaifeng also fell to the Mongols after a siege in 1232.
^Tony Jaques (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A-E. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 123. ISBN978-0-313-33537-2.
^Broadbridge, Anne F. (2018). Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 94. ISBN978-1108636629.
^Ivar Lissner (1957). The living past (4 ed.). Putnam's. p. 193. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
^Wolter J. Fabrycky; Paul E. Torgersen (1966). Operations economy: industrial applications of operations research (2 ed.). Prentice-Hall. p. 254. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
^Wolter J. Fabrycky; P. M. Ghare; Paul E. Torgersen (1972). Industrial operations research (illustrated ed.). Prentice-Hall. p. 313. ISBN978-0-13-464263-5. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
^"What happened on June 1". Dates in History. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
January 06, 2023
battle, zhongdu, this, article, about, 1215, battle, list, other, battles, also, called, battle, beijing, battle, beijing, present, beijing, battle, 1215, between, mongols, jurchen, dynasty, which, controlled, northern, china, mongols, continued, their, conque. This article is about the 1215 battle For a list of other battles also called Battle of Beijing see Battle of Beijing The Battle of Zhongdu present day Beijing was a battle in 1215 between the Mongols and the Jurchen Jin dynasty which controlled northern China 1 The Mongols won and continued their conquest of China Battle of ZhongduPart of the Mongol Jin WarThe siege of Zhongdu modern Beijing as depicted in the Persian Jami al tawarikh by Rashid al Din HamadaniDate1215LocationBeijing ChinaResultMongol victoryBelligerentsMongol EmpireJin DynastyCommanders and leadersGenghis KhanXuanzongStrengthUnknown6 000Casualties and lossesUnknownThousands massacredHistory EditThe year 1211 marked the beginning of the war between the Mongols and the Jin Dynasty The Jin Dynasty was able to hold Genghis Khan Temujin and his Mongol army at bay for the first two years of the war The Jurchen Jin emperor Wanyan Yongji s daughter Jurchen Princess Qiguo was married to Mongol leader Genghis Khan in exchange for relieving the Mongol siege upon Zhongdu Beijing in the Mongol conquest of Jin China 2 Throughout this time however Temujin continued to build his forces and by 1213 had an army so powerful that it conquered all Jin territory up to the Great Wall of China From this strategic location Temujin made the decision to split his forces into three smaller armies in an attempt to break through the wall and finish his conquest of northern China He sent his brother Kasar at the head of one of these armies east into Manchuria He sent another army south toward Shanxi under command of his three oldest sons He himself led the third army along with his son Tuli towards Shandong The plan was a success as all three armies broke through the wall in different places According to Ivar Lissner the besieged inhabitants resorted to firing gold and silver cannon shot on the Mongols with their muzzle loading cannons when their supply of metal for ammunition ran out 3 4 5 The battle for Beijing was long and tiresome but the Mongols proved to be more powerful as they finally took the city on 1 June 1215 6 massacring its inhabitants This forced Jin Emperor Xuanzong to move his capital south to Kaifeng and opened the Yellow River valley to further Mongol ravages Kaifeng also fell to the Mongols after a siege in 1232 See also EditHistory of BeijingReferences Edit Tony Jaques 2007 Dictionary of Battles and Sieges A E Greenwood Publishing Group p 123 ISBN 978 0 313 33537 2 Broadbridge Anne F 2018 Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire illustrated ed Cambridge University Press p 94 ISBN 978 1108636629 Ivar Lissner 1957 The living past 4 ed Putnam s p 193 Retrieved 23 April 2012 Wolter J Fabrycky Paul E Torgersen 1966 Operations economy industrial applications of operations research 2 ed Prentice Hall p 254 Retrieved 23 April 2012 Wolter J Fabrycky P M Ghare Paul E Torgersen 1972 Industrial operations research illustrated ed Prentice Hall p 313 ISBN 978 0 13 464263 5 Retrieved 23 April 2012 What happened on June 1 Dates in History Retrieved 17 May 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Battle of Zhongdu amp oldid 1096592233, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
