After a stable peace agreement with the Byzantines in the west, Khosrow I was able to focus his attention on the Eastern Hephthalites and avenge the death of his grandfather. Even with the growth of Sasanian military power under Khosrow's reforms, the Sasanians were still uneasy at the prospect of attacking the Hephthalites on their own and sought allies. Their answer came in the form of the Göktürks incursion into Central Asia.[4] The movement of Turkic people into Central Asia quickly made them natural enemies and competitors to the Hephthalites.
The Hephthalites possessed military power, but they lacked the organization to fight on multiple fronts. According to the account of Firdausi in the Shahname, the Hephthalites were supported by troops from Balkh, Shughnan, Amol, Zamm, Khuttal, Termez and Washgird.[5] The Sasanians and the Turks made an alliance and launched a two-pronged attack on the Hephthalites, taking advantage of their disorganization and disunity. As a result, the Turks took the territory north of the Oxus River, while the Sasanians annexed the land south of the river.[6]
Aftermath
The Hephthalite Empire was destroyed after the battle, and broke into several minor kingdoms, such as the one ruled by the Hephthalite prince Faghanish in Chaghaniyan. Ghadfar and what was left of his men fled southward to Sasanian territory, where they took refuge.[7] Meanwhile, the Turkic KhaganSinjibu reached an agreement with the Hephthalite nobility, and appointed Faghanish as the new Hephthalite king.[8]
This was much to the dislike of Khosrow I, who considered the Turkic collaboration with the Hephthalites to pose a danger for his rule in the east, and thus marched towards the Sasanian-Turkic border in Gurgan. When he reached the place, he was met by a Turkic delegate of Sinjibu that presented him gifts.[8] There Khosrow asserted his authority and military potency, and persuaded the Turks to make an alliance with him. The alliance contained a treaty that made it obligatory for Faghanish to be sent to the Sasanian court in Ctesiphon and gain the approval of Khosrow for his status as Hephthalite king.[8] Faghanish and his kingdom of Chaghaniyan thus became a vassal of the Sasanian Empire, which set the Oxus as the eastern frontier of the Sasanians and Turks.[9][2] However, friendly relations between the Turks and the Sasanians quickly deteriorated after that. Both the Turks and the Sasanians wanted to dominate the Silk Road and the trade between the west and the far east.[6] In 568, a Turkish ambassador was sent to the Byzantine Empire to propose an alliance and a two-pronged attack on the Sassanian Empire, but nothing came of this.[10]
References
^Inagaki, Hajime. Galleries and Works of the MIHO MUSEUM. Miho Museum. p. 121, panel 8.
^Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Litvinsky, B. A. History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. p. 176. ISBN978-92-3-103211-0.
Litvinsky, B. A.; Dani, Ahmad Hasan (1996). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 1–569. ISBN9789231032110.
Bivar, A. D. H. (2003). "Hephthalites". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XII, Fasc. 2. London et al. pp. 198–201.
February 21, 2023
battle, zarriun, also, battle, bukhara, took, place, when, sasanian, empire, allied, with, first, turkic, khaganate, against, hephthalite, empire, part, hephthalite, persian, warsturkic, horsemen, miho, funerary, couch, datec, 560locationgol, zarriun, near, bu. The Battle of Gol Zarriun 3 also Battle of Bukhara took place in c 560 when the Sasanian Empire allied with the First Turkic Khaganate against the Hephthalite Empire Battle of Gol ZarriunPart of Hephthalite Persian WarsTurkic horsemen on the Miho funerary couch c 570 CE 1 Datec 560LocationGol Zarriun near Bukhara Sogdia present day Uzbekistan 39 46 00 N 64 26 00 E 39 766667 N 64 433333 E 39 766667 64 433333 Coordinates 39 46 00 N 64 26 00 E 39 766667 N 64 433333 E 39 766667 64 433333ResultPerso Turkic victory 2 The Hephthalite Empire dissolved into minor kingdomsTerritorialchangesTerritory north of the Oxus river ceded to the Gokturks and territory south of the Oxus ceded to the Sasanian EmpireBelligerentsSasanian EmpireFirst Turkic KhaganateHephthalite EmpireCommanders and leadersKhosrow IIstamiGhadfarclass notpageimage Location within West and Central Asia Contents 1 Context 2 Aftermath 3 References 4 SourcesContext EditIn 484 Peroz I the grandfather of Khosrow I Anushirvan r 531 579 was killed in the Battle of Herat 484 by the Hephthalites and allowed them to annex much of Khorasan from the Sasanians After a stable peace agreement with the Byzantines in the west Khosrow I was able to focus his attention on the Eastern Hephthalites and avenge the death of his grandfather Even with the growth of Sasanian military power under Khosrow s reforms the Sasanians were still uneasy at the prospect of attacking the Hephthalites on their own and sought allies Their answer came in the form of the Gokturks incursion into Central Asia 4 The movement of Turkic people into Central Asia quickly made them natural enemies and competitors to the Hephthalites The Hephthalites possessed military power but they lacked the organization to fight on multiple fronts According to the account of Firdausi in the Shahname the Hephthalites were supported by troops from Balkh Shughnan Amol Zamm Khuttal Termez and Washgird 5 The Sasanians and the Turks made an alliance and launched a two pronged attack on the Hephthalites taking advantage of their disorganization and disunity As a result the Turks took the territory north of the Oxus River while the Sasanians annexed the land south of the river 6 Aftermath EditThe Hephthalite Empire was destroyed after the battle and broke into several minor kingdoms such as the one ruled by the Hephthalite prince Faghanish in Chaghaniyan Ghadfar and what was left of his men fled southward to Sasanian territory where they took refuge 7 Meanwhile the Turkic Khagan Sinjibu reached an agreement with the Hephthalite nobility and appointed Faghanish as the new Hephthalite king 8 This was much to the dislike of Khosrow I who considered the Turkic collaboration with the Hephthalites to pose a danger for his rule in the east and thus marched towards the Sasanian Turkic border in Gurgan When he reached the place he was met by a Turkic delegate of Sinjibu that presented him gifts 8 There Khosrow asserted his authority and military potency and persuaded the Turks to make an alliance with him The alliance contained a treaty that made it obligatory for Faghanish to be sent to the Sasanian court in Ctesiphon and gain the approval of Khosrow for his status as Hephthalite king 8 Faghanish and his kingdom of Chaghaniyan thus became a vassal of the Sasanian Empire which set the Oxus as the eastern frontier of the Sasanians and Turks 9 2 However friendly relations between the Turks and the Sasanians quickly deteriorated after that Both the Turks and the Sasanians wanted to dominate the Silk Road and the trade between the west and the far east 6 In 568 a Turkish ambassador was sent to the Byzantine Empire to propose an alliance and a two pronged attack on the Sassanian Empire but nothing came of this 10 References Edit Inagaki Hajime Galleries and Works of the MIHO MUSEUM Miho Museum p 121 panel 8 a b Bivar 2003 pp 198 201 Rezakhani 2017 p 141 Baumer 2018 p 97 99 Dani Ahmad Hasan Litvinsky B A History of Civilizations of Central Asia The crossroads of civilizations A D 250 to 750 UNESCO p 176 ISBN 978 92 3 103211 0 a b Frye 1984 Rezakhani 2017 pp 141 142 a b c Rezakhani 2017 p 142 Litvinsky amp Dani 1996 pp 176 177 Dingas amp Winter 2007 p 115 Sources EditBaumer Christoph 18 April 2018 The History of Central Asia Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 978 1 83860 868 2 4 volume set Dingas Beate Winter Engelbert 2007 Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity Cambridge University Press p 38 Sims Williams Nicholas 2009 Kadagistan Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol XV Fasc 3 London et al pp 324 325 Rezakhani Khodadad 2017 ReOrienting the Sasanians East Iran in Late Antiquity Edinburgh University Press pp 1 256 ISBN 9781474400305 Frye Richard Nelson 1984 The History of Ancient Iran C H Beck pp 1 411 ISBN 9783406093975 The history of ancient iran Shahbazi A Sh 1988 Bahram VI Cōbin Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol III Fasc 5 London et al pp 514 522 Howard Johnston James ḴOSROW II Encyclopaedia Iranica Online Edition Litvinsky B A Dani Ahmad Hasan 1996 History of Civilizations of Central Asia The crossroads of civilizations A D 250 to 750 UNESCO pp 1 569 ISBN 9789231032110 Bivar A D H 2003 Hephthalites Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol XII Fasc 2 London et al pp 198 201 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Battle of Gol Zarriun amp oldid 1105480992, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
