The Bashkir rebellion of 1735–1740 refers to a rebellion by the Bashkirs against the Russian Empire. It started in 1735, but was put down by Russian troops in 1740 after a series of heavy clashes.
From at least the time of Peter the Great, there had been talk of Russian pushing southeast toward Persia and India. Ivan Kirillov, a Russian commander, drew up a plan to build a fort to be called Orenburg at Orsk at the confluence of the Or River and the Ural River southeast of the Urals where the Bashkir, Kalmyk and Kazakh lands join. Construction was started at Orsk in 1735, but by 1743 "Orenburg" was moved about 250 kilometres (160 mi) west to its present location. The next planned step was to build a fort on the Aral Sea. This would involve crossing the Bashkir country and then the lands of the Kazakh Lesser Horde, some of whom had recently offered a nominal submission. However, a significant portion of the Bashkir population resented this plan.
Rebellionedit
Kirillov's plan was approved on May 1, 1734 and he was placed in command. He was warned that this would provoke a Bashkir rebellion, but the warnings were ignored. He left Ufa with 2,500 men in 1735 and fighting started on July 1. The war consisted of many small raids and complex troop movements.
In the spring of 1736, Kirillov burned 200 Bashkir villages, killed 700 rebels in battle and executed 158. An expedition of 773 men left Orenburg in November and lost 500 from cold and hunger. During the time, the Bashkir rebels planned to massacre the sleeping Russians at Seiantusa. The ambush failed. In retaliation, one thousand villagers, including women and children, were put to the sword and another 500 driven into a storehouse and burned to death. Raiding parties then went out and burned about 50 villages and killed another 2,000. Eight thousand Bashkirs attacked a Russian camp and killed 158, losing 40 killed and three prisoners who were promptly hanged. Bashkir rebels also attacked Bashkirs loyal to Russia. The number of Bashkirs loyal to Russia was small and amounted to approximately 150.[3] Leaders who submitted were sometimes fined one horse per household and sometimes hanged.
The southern side of Bashkiria was fenced off by the Orenburg Line of forts. It ran from Samara on the Volga east up the Samara River to its headwaters, crossed to the middle Ural River and followed it east and then north on the east side of the Urals and went east down the Uy River to Ust-Uisk on the Tobol River where it connected to the ill-defined "Siberian Line" along the forest-steppe boundary.
In 1740 a report was made of Bashkir losses during the rebellion. According to the report, 16,893 Bashkir rebels were killed, 3,236 were captured and forcibly conscripted (they were sent to Baltic regiments and fleet), and a further 8,382 women and children were distributed (presumably as serfs), putting the total Bashkir losses at 28,511. Moreover, 12,283 horses, 6,076 cattle and sheep and 9,828 rubles were extracted from the rebellious Bashkirs as fines. Furthermore, at least 1,175 Bashkir villages were destroyed.[2] As this was compiled from army reports, it excludes losses from irregular raiding, hunger, disease and cold. All this was from an estimated Bashkir population of 100,000.
According to Vasily Tatishchev total losses among Bashkirs amounted to 60,000.
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Bashkir rebellion of 1735 1740 news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2022 Learn how and when to remove this message The Bashkir rebellion of 1735 1740 refers to a rebellion by the Bashkirs against the Russian Empire It started in 1735 but was put down by Russian troops in 1740 after a series of heavy clashes Bashkir rebellionDateJuly 1735 1740LocationMainly Bashkortostan Russian EmpireResultRussian victory rebellion crushed establishment of Orenburg Russian conquest of Central Asia delayedBelligerents Russian EmpireBashkir rebelsCommanders and leadersIvan KirillovKarasakal Akai Kusyumov Kilmyak Nurushev Bepenya Toropberdin Mandar Karabaev Tyulkuchura Aldagulov Aldar Isyangildin Seitbai Alkalin Alanziangul Kutuluzin Yuldash Suyarembetov Kusyap Sultangulov Rysai Igembetov Sultanmurat DyusekeyevStrength22 000 regular army and cossacks February 1736 1 unknown several tens of thousandsCasualties and lossesunknownat least 45 000 killed and captured 1 1 175 Bashkir villages destroyed 2 Contents 1 Background 2 Rebellion 3 Aftermath 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksBackground editFrom at least the time of Peter the Great there had been talk of Russian pushing southeast toward Persia and India Ivan Kirillov a Russian commander drew up a plan to build a fort to be called Orenburg at Orsk at the confluence of the Or River and the Ural River southeast of the Urals where the Bashkir Kalmyk and Kazakh lands join Construction was started at Orsk in 1735 but by 1743 Orenburg was moved about 250 kilometres 160 mi west to its present location The next planned step was to build a fort on the Aral Sea This would involve crossing the Bashkir country and then the lands of the Kazakh Lesser Horde some of whom had recently offered a nominal submission However a significant portion of the Bashkir population resented this plan Rebellion editKirillov s plan was approved on May 1 1734 and he was placed in command He was warned that this would provoke a Bashkir rebellion but the warnings were ignored He left Ufa with 2 500 men in 1735 and fighting started on July 1 The war consisted of many small raids and complex troop movements In the spring of 1736 Kirillov burned 200 Bashkir villages killed 700 rebels in battle and executed 158 An expedition of 773 men left Orenburg in November and lost 500 from cold and hunger During the time the Bashkir rebels planned to massacre the sleeping Russians at Seiantusa The ambush failed In retaliation one thousand villagers including women and children were put to the sword and another 500 driven into a storehouse and burned to death Raiding parties then went out and burned about 50 villages and killed another 2 000 Eight thousand Bashkirs attacked a Russian camp and killed 158 losing 40 killed and three prisoners who were promptly hanged Bashkir rebels also attacked Bashkirs loyal to Russia The number of Bashkirs loyal to Russia was small and amounted to approximately 150 3 Leaders who submitted were sometimes fined one horse per household and sometimes hanged All this was at the time of Empress Anna of Russia and the Russo Turkish War 1735 1739 The rebellion was finally put down in 1740 Aftermath editAlthough the Bashkir rebellion cannot be easily summarized the effects include Russian imperial goal of expansion into Central Asia was delayed due to the rebellion Bashkiria Bashkir country was pacified in 1740 Orenburg was established The southern side of Bashkiria was fenced off by the Orenburg Line of forts It ran from Samara on the Volga east up the Samara River to its headwaters crossed to the middle Ural River and followed it east and then north on the east side of the Urals and went east down the Uy River to Ust Uisk on the Tobol River where it connected to the ill defined Siberian Line along the forest steppe boundary In 1740 a report was made of Bashkir losses during the rebellion According to the report 16 893 Bashkir rebels were killed 3 236 were captured and forcibly conscripted they were sent to Baltic regiments and fleet and a further 8 382 women and children were distributed presumably as serfs putting the total Bashkir losses at 28 511 Moreover 12 283 horses 6 076 cattle and sheep and 9 828 rubles were extracted from the rebellious Bashkirs as fines Furthermore at least 1 175 Bashkir villages were destroyed 2 As this was compiled from army reports it excludes losses from irregular raiding hunger disease and cold All this was from an estimated Bashkir population of 100 000 According to Vasily Tatishchev total losses among Bashkirs amounted to 60 000 See also editBashkir rebellion 1662 64 Bashkir rebellion 1704 11 References edit a b Akmanov I G Bashkirskie vosstaniya XVII XVIII vv Fenomen v istorii narodov Evrazii Ufa Kitap 2016 Str 342 a b Akmanov I G Bashkirskie vosstaniya XVII XVIII vv Fenomen v istorii narodov Evrazii Ufa Kitap 2016 Str 334 Akmanov I G Bashkirskie vosstaniya XVII XVIII vv Fenomen v istorii narodov Evrazii Ufa Kitap 2016 Str 191External links editArticle in the Encyclopedia of the Bashkir Article in Bashkortostan A Brief Encyclopedia Bashkortostan within the Russian State Rebellion against oppression and violence Bashkir Rebellion Archived 2018 09 23 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bashkir rebellion of 1735 1740 amp oldid 1176906005, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
