Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic is classified as Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, and Aramaic language.[9]
Origin and use todayEdit
The Jewish inhabitants of a wide area from northern Iraq, eastern Turkey and north western Iran, corresponding to the area of Kurdistan, mostly spoke various dialects of modern Aramaic. The turmoil near the end of World War I and resettlement in Israel in 1951 (when eight families from Bijil moved to the new Jewish state) led to the decline of these traditional languages. This particular and distinct dialect of Jewish Neo-Aramaic was spoken in the villages of Bijil, Barzan and Shahe. It was known as Bijili until recently.
The last native speaker of Bijil Neo-Aramaic, Mrs. Rahel Avraham, died in Jerusalem in 1998.[10] The remaining second-language speakers are all related and over 70 years of age, and most from Barzan. Other speakers are from Aqra. Barzan and Aqra are both located in Iraqi Kurdistan. The first language of these speakers is either Hebrew or Kurdish, and some also speak Arabic or another Neo-Aramaic dialect. Thus, the language is effectively extinct.
Most of the speakers of Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic live in Jerusalem, Israel/Palestine today.[6]
HistoryEdit
Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic is part of the Northeastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA) speech-type. Many of the NENA languages are seriously endangered, like Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic. Most of the NENA languages became endangered since most of the Aramaic speaking Jewry began to immigrate to Israel. This occurred mostly during the 1950s. Barzani Jewish-Neo Aramaic stands out from these languages because it began its endangerment in the early 1900s. This occurred in Kurdistan. The reason for the decline of the language was that most of the speakers were dispersed and integrated into communities that spoke other languages than Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic. This dispersal occurred violently in many of the communities by outside forces.[6]
Most speakers of Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic now speak Israeli Hebrew or Arabic.[6]
Dialects and VarietiesEdit
Between the years of 1996 and 2000, three dialects of Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic were discovered. They are called Barzan, Shahe, and Bejil. Bejil is extinct.[6]
It may be related to Lishanid Noshan, which has clusters around Arbil to the south east of Barzan. There may be some similarities between Barzani and the subdialect of Lishanid Noshan formerly spoken in the village of Dobe, 50 km north of Arbil. The Sandu dialect of Jewish Neo-Aramaic is quite similar to Barzani. However, studies suggest that it has more in common with Lishana Deni. There is evidence that the language was also spoken in the nearby village of Nerim, but no speaker from that village remains.
Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic has been infused with words from the Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho. This occurred due to the close proximity of the speakers of Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic and the dialect Zakho. This dialect is the most commonly spoken variant of Aramaic spoken in Jerusalem. This dialect is seen as more prestigious by the speakers and is most commonly understood.[6]
ExamplesEdit
Hezy Mutzafi has recorded and translated two texts in Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic.[6]
^Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^Sabar, Ariel (2008-09-16). My Father's Paradise: A Son's Search for His Jewish Past in Kurdish Iraq. Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill. ISBN978-1-56512-490-5.
^Sabar, Y. (1984). "The Arabic Elements in the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Texts of Nerwa and ʿAmādıya, Iraqi Kurdistan". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 104 (1): 201–211. doi:10.2307/602651. JSTOR 602651.
^MUTZAFI, H. (2002). "Barzani jewish neo-aramaic and its dialects". Mediterranean Language Review. 14: 41–70.
^Mutzafi, H. (2008). "Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 71 (3): 409–431. doi:10.1017/S0041977X08000815. S2CID 162155580.
^ abcdefghMUTZAFI, H. (2004). "Two texts in Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 67 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1017/s0041977x04000011. S2CID 162990434.
^Sabar, Yona (September 1974). "Nursery Rhymes and Baby Words in the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Zakho (Iraq)". Journal of the American Oriental Society. American Oriental Society. 94 (3): 329–336. doi:10.2307/600067. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 600067.
^Khan, Geoffrey (2004-05-15). Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Sulemaniyya and Salabja [Halabja], The. Brill. ISBN90-04-13869-2.
^. Endangeredlanguages.com. Archived from the original on 2016-10-05. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
^. www.endangeredlanguages.com. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
External linksEdit
"Kurdish Women | Jewish Women's Archive". Jwa.org. 2009-03-01. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
. Endangeredlanguages.com. Archived from the original on 2016-10-05. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
"Kerdistan iran Jews, language, Nash Didan Lisana nosan.לישנא נושן נאשה דידן". YouTube. 2012-01-10. Archived from the original on 2021-12-12. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
October 19, 2023
jewish, aramaic, dialect, barzani, barzani, jewish, aramaic, modern, jewish, aramaic, language, often, called, aramaic, judeo, aramaic, originally, spoken, three, villages, near, aqrah, iraqi, kurdistan, native, name, language, lishanid, janan, which, means, l. Barzani Jewish Neo Aramaic is a modern Jewish Aramaic language often called Neo Aramaic or Judeo Aramaic It was originally spoken in three villages near Aqrah in Iraqi Kurdistan 2 The native name of the language is Lishanid Janan which means our language and is similar to names used by other Jewish Neo Aramaic dialects Lishan Didan Lishanid Noshan 3 4 5 6 7 8 Barzani Jewish Neo Aramaicלשניד דינן Lisanid d JananNative toKurdistanRegionJerusalem originally from Bijil in IraqNative speakers20 2004 1 Language familyAfro Asiatic SemiticCentral SemiticAramaicEastern AramaicNortheasternBarzani Jewish Neo AramaicLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code bjf class extiw title iso639 3 bjf bjf a Glottologbarz1241ELPCentral Jewish Neo AramaicIt is nearly extinct with only about 20 elderly speakers in 2004 6 Contents 1 Classification 2 Origin and use today 3 History 4 Dialects and Varieties 5 Examples 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksClassification EditBarzani Jewish Neo Aramaic is classified as Afro Asiatic Semitic and Aramaic language 9 Origin and use today EditThe Jewish inhabitants of a wide area from northern Iraq eastern Turkey and north western Iran corresponding to the area of Kurdistan mostly spoke various dialects of modern Aramaic The turmoil near the end of World War I and resettlement in Israel in 1951 when eight families from Bijil moved to the new Jewish state led to the decline of these traditional languages This particular and distinct dialect of Jewish Neo Aramaic was spoken in the villages of Bijil Barzan and Shahe It was known as Bijili until recently The last native speaker of Bijil Neo Aramaic Mrs Rahel Avraham died in Jerusalem in 1998 10 The remaining second language speakers are all related and over 70 years of age and most from Barzan Other speakers are from Aqra Barzan and Aqra are both located in Iraqi Kurdistan The first language of these speakers is either Hebrew or Kurdish and some also speak Arabic or another Neo Aramaic dialect Thus the language is effectively extinct Most of the speakers of Barzani Jewish Neo Aramaic live in Jerusalem Israel Palestine today 6 History EditBarzani Jewish Neo Aramaic is part of the Northeastern Neo Aramaic NENA speech type Many of the NENA languages are seriously endangered like Barzani Jewish Neo Aramaic Most of the NENA languages became endangered since most of the Aramaic speaking Jewry began to immigrate to Israel This occurred mostly during the 1950s Barzani Jewish Neo Aramaic stands out from these languages because it began its endangerment in the early 1900s This occurred in Kurdistan The reason for the decline of the language was that most of the speakers were dispersed and integrated into communities that spoke other languages than Barzani Jewish Neo Aramaic This dispersal occurred violently in many of the communities by outside forces 6 Most speakers of Barzani Jewish Neo Aramaic now speak Israeli Hebrew or Arabic 6 Dialects and Varieties EditBetween the years of 1996 and 2000 three dialects of Barzani Jewish Neo Aramaic were discovered They are called Barzan Shahe and Bejil Bejil is extinct 6 It may be related to Lishanid Noshan which has clusters around Arbil to the south east of Barzan There may be some similarities between Barzani and the subdialect of Lishanid Noshan formerly spoken in the village of Dobe 50 km north of Arbil The Sandu dialect of Jewish Neo Aramaic is quite similar to Barzani However studies suggest that it has more in common with Lishana Deni There is evidence that the language was also spoken in the nearby village of Nerim but no speaker from that village remains Barzani Jewish Neo Aramaic has been infused with words from the Jewish Neo Aramaic dialect of Zakho This occurred due to the close proximity of the speakers of Barzani Jewish Neo Aramaic and the dialect Zakho This dialect is the most commonly spoken variant of Aramaic spoken in Jerusalem This dialect is seen as more prestigious by the speakers and is most commonly understood 6 Examples EditHezy Mutzafi has recorded and translated two texts in Barzani Jewish Neo Aramaic 6 See also EditAramaic alphabet Aramaic language Jewish languagesReferences Edit Barzani Jewish Neo Aramaic at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Sabar Ariel 2008 09 16 My Father s Paradise A Son s Search for His Jewish Past in Kurdish Iraq Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill ISBN 978 1 56512 490 5 Sabar Y 1984 The Arabic Elements in the Jewish Neo Aramaic Texts of Nerwa and ʿAmadiya Iraqi Kurdistan Journal of the American Oriental Society 104 1 201 211 doi 10 2307 602651 JSTOR 602651 MUTZAFI H 2002 Barzani jewish neo aramaic and its dialects Mediterranean Language Review 14 41 70 Mutzafi H 2008 Trans Zab Jewish Neo Aramaic Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 71 3 409 431 doi 10 1017 S0041977X08000815 S2CID 162155580 a b c d e f g h MUTZAFI H 2004 Two texts in Barzani Jewish Neo Aramaic Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 67 1 1 13 doi 10 1017 s0041977x04000011 S2CID 162990434 Sabar Yona September 1974 Nursery Rhymes and Baby Words in the Jewish Neo Aramaic Dialect of Zakho Iraq Journal of the American Oriental Society American Oriental Society 94 3 329 336 doi 10 2307 600067 ISSN 0003 0279 JSTOR 600067 Khan Geoffrey 2004 05 15 Jewish Neo Aramaic Dialect of Sulemaniyya and Salabja Halabja The Brill ISBN 90 04 13869 2 Endangered Languages Project Barzani Jewish Neo Aramaic Endangeredlanguages com Archived from the original on 2016 10 05 Retrieved 2016 11 17 Barzani Jewish Neo Aramaic www endangeredlanguages com Archived from the original on February 2 2017 Retrieved January 23 2017 External links Edit Kurdish Women Jewish Women s Archive Jwa org 2009 03 01 Retrieved 2016 11 17 Endangered Languages Project Barzani Jewish Neo Aramaic Endangeredlanguages com Archived from the original on 2016 10 05 Retrieved 2016 11 17 Kerdistan iran Jews language Nash Didan Lisana nosan לישנא נושן נאשה דידן YouTube 2012 01 10 Archived from the original on 2021 12 12 Retrieved 2016 11 17 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jewish Neo Aramaic dialect of Barzani amp oldid 1170660866, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
