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Barbara York Main

January 01, 1970

Barbara Anne York Main OAM (27 January 1929 – 14 May 2019)[3] was an Australian arachnologist and adjunct professor at the University of Western Australia.[4][5] The author of four books and over 90 research papers,[6] Main is recognised for her prolific work in establishing taxonomy for arachnids, personally describing 34 species and seven new genera.[7] The BBC and ABC produced a film about her work, Lady of the Spiders, in 1981.[8][9]

Barbara York Main
Main in the North Bungulla Nature Reserve, Western Australia, 2015
Born(1929-01-27)27 January 1929
Kellerberrin, Western Australia
Died14 May 2019(2019-05-14) (aged 90)[2]
NationalityAustralian
EducationPhD, zoology, University of Western Australia, 1956
Known forStudy of arachnids
SpouseBert Main (m. 1952–2009)
Children3
AwardsMedal of the Order of Australia[1]
Scientific career
FieldsArachnology
InstitutionsUniversity of Western Australia
Thesis A comparative study of the evolution of the Araneae as illustrated by the biology of the Aganippini (Mygalomorphae: Ctenizidae)

With research interests that include the natural history and taxonomy of mygalomorph spiders, Main is noted for having studied the oldest known spider, a Gaius villosus trapdoor spider she named "Number 16", from its birth in 1974 to its death in 2016.[10][4][11]

Main is also recognised for her writing about the environment. Two of her books, Between Wodjil and Tor (1967) and Twice Trodden Ground (1971), have been described as "classic studies" of the cost to the environment of developing the wheatbelt in Western Australia.[12] Main remained active in the research community until she retired in 2017 at the age of 88.[4]

Biography edit

Early life edit

Main was born in hospital in Kellerberrin, Western Australia, the fourth child of Gladys York (née Tobias) and Gerald Henry "Harry" York.[13] The children, four boys and a girl,[14] grew up on a farm in the nearby Shire of Tammin, in two rooms in a mud-brick house.[15] Main's parents had married in 1921. Her mother was born in Coolgardie and had worked as one of two teachers in a school in Yorkrakine, and her father was a farmer who had emigrated in 1909 from Yorkshire in England.[13]

Main's early life was spent in what Australians know as "Wodjil country", areas of the wheatbelt region of Western Australia known for its acidic sand, surrounded by Acacia victoriae, sheoak plants and York gum trees. She told ABC Radio National: "I felt an immediate affinity with small things, not kangaroos or wedge-tailed eagles—I didn’t have that one-on-one relationship with a kangaroo that I could with caterpillars! So I'd keep them and feed them in boxes and watch them turn into butterflies." She wrote about the area and its destruction in her second book, Between Wodjil and Tor (1967).[7]

Education edit

Main and her brothers attended a bush school, which Main left after two years to study at home through correspondence courses arranged by the Western Australian Education Department.[15] She later attended Northam High School on a scholarship, boarding with a woman who looked after other students,[16] then from 1947 the University of Western Australia (UWA) to study science, with a major in zoology. In 1952, Main became the first woman to study at UWA for a PhD in zoology; she received her PhD in 1956 for a thesis entitled A comparative study of the evolution of the Araneae as illustrated by the biology of the Aganippini (Mygalomorphae: Ctenizidae).[17]

Marriage edit

In 1952, she married the Australian zoologist Bert Main; they met at UWA, received their PhDs in the same year, and remained married until his death in 2009.[7] The couple had three children, Rebecca, Gilbert and Monica. Main was pregnant with her first child when she was awarded her PhD.[18] She stayed at home to look after the children, while also working on various research projects, which included writing her first two books, Spiders of Australia (1962) and Between Wodjil and Tor (1967).[19]

Career edit

Before starting her PhD, Main worked as a junior lecturer at the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand.[20] In 1958, two years after receiving her PhD, Main received an Alice Hamilton Fellowship from the International Federation of University Women to spend six months studying spider collections in London at the British Museum/Natural History Museum and at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History. She engaged in field work in California, Arizona and Texas, also in 1958, and visited spider collections in the American Museum of Natural History, the Smithsonian, and the Museum of Comparative Zoology, while her husband was in the United States on a Carnegie Travelling Fellowship.[19]

Bert Main became Professor of Zoology at UWA and, by 1960, the couple had set up home in Claremont.[21] Main became an honorary lecturer in zoology at UWA in 1979, and later a senior honorary research fellow.[19] In 1981, the BBC and ABC produced a documentary about her, Lady of the Spiders, narrated by David Attenborough and filmed by Jim Frazier and Densey Clyne,[8][9] which discussed the 1,200 trapdoor spiders Main had been visiting and monitoring for the previous 12 years.[22][23]

Recognition edit

Awards and honours edit

Main was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in January 2011 for "service to science and conservation as a researcher and educator in the field of arachnology, and to the community of Western Australia". The award was announced in the 2011 Australia Day Honours List.[1] She was also an honorary member of the International Society of Arachnology. In 2018 Main was awarded the Medal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, the first woman to win it since the award began in 1924.[24]

Species and genera named in her honour edit

Selected works edit

 
Scholia has a profile for Barbara York Main (Q21338740).

Books, essays edit

  • (1962). Spiders of Australia. Brisbane: Jacaranda Press.[25]
  • (1967). Between Wodjil and Tor. Brisbane: Jacaranda Press.
  • (1971). Twice Trodden Ground. Brisbane: Jacaranda Press.
  • (1972). "Marginal Country", Westerly, 17(2), June 1972, pp. 21–36.
  • (1976). Spiders. Sydney: Collins (Australian Naturalist Library series).
  • (1979, Alec Choate and Barbara York Main (eds.). Summerland. Perth: UWA Publishing.

Papers edit

Main had over 90 research papers published, including:

  • Main, B. Y. (1952). "Notes on the genus Idiosoma, a supposedly rare Western Australian trapdoor spider". Western Australian Naturalist 3: 130–137.
  • Main, B. Y. (1954). Spiders and Opiliones. Part 6 of The Archipelago of the Recherche. Australian Geographical Society Reports 1: 37-53.
  • Main, B. Y. (1956). Observations on the burrow and natural history of the trapdoor spider Missulena (Ctenizidae). Western Australian Naturalist 5: 73-80.
  • Main, B. Y. (1956). Taxonomy and biology of the genus Isometroides Keyserling (Scorpionida). Australian Journal of Zoology 4: 158-164.
  • Main, B. Y. and Main, A. R (1956). Spider predator on a vertebrate. Western Australian Naturalist 5: 139.
  • Main, B. Y. (1957). Occurrence of the trapdoor spider Conothele malayana (Doleschall) in Australia (Mygalomorphae: Ctenizidae). Western Australian Naturalist 5: 209-216.
  • Main, B. Y. (1957). Adaptive radiation of trapdoor spiders. Australian Museum Magazine 12: 160-3.
  • Main, B. Y. (1957). Biology of Aganippine trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae: Ctenizidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 5: 402-473.
  • Butler, W. H. and Main, B. Y. (1959). Predation on vertebrates by mygalomorph spiders. Western Australian Naturalist 7: 52.
  • Main, Barbara York (1960). "The genus Cethegus thorell (Mygalomorphae: Macrothelinae)". Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 43: 30–34.
  • Harvey, Mark S.; Main, Barbara York; Rix, Michael G.; and Cooper, Steven J. B. (2015). "Refugia within refugia: in situ speciation and conservation of threatened Bertmainius (Araneae: Migidae), a new genus of relictual trapdoor spiders endemic to the mesic zone of south-western Australia". Invertebrate systematics, 29(6), 511–553.
  • Mason, Leanda Denise; Wardell-Johnson, Grant; and Main, Barbara York (2016). "Quality not quantity: conserving species of low mobility and dispersal capacity in south-western Australian urban remnants". Pacific Conservation Biology, 22(1), 37-47.
  • Mason, Leanda Denise; Wardell-Johnson, Grant; and Main, Barbara York. (2018). "The longest-lived spider: mygalomorphs dig deep, and persevere". Pacific Conservation Biology, 24(2), 203–206.
  • Harvey, Mark S.; Hillyer, Mia J.; Main, Barbara York, et al. (2018). "Phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian open-holed trapdoor spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae: Anaminae): multi-locus molecular analyses resolve the generic classification of a highly diverse fauna]. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. zlx111. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx111

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Main, Barbara York", Australian Government, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet.
  2. ^ "MAIN (Dr Barbara Anne York OAM ): 27.1.1929 - 14.5.2019" The West Australian, 16 May 2019. Accessed 23 May 2019.
  3. ^ Ann Jones (2019) "Barbara York Main, Australia's spider woman and Wheatbelt advocate, author and poet dies" Off Track, Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Published May 23, 2019. Accessed May 23, 2019.
  4. ^ a b c Selk, Avi (1 May 2018). "The extraordinary life and death of the world’s oldest known spider". The Washington Post.
  5. ^ "Adj/Prof Barbara York Main", The University of Western Australia.
  6. ^ "UWA people named in Australia Day Honours" 11 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine, University of Western Australia, 20 January 2011.
  7. ^ a b c Williams, Robyn (15 September 2013). "Barbara York Main: Spider Woman". Ockham's Razor. ABC Radio National. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  8. ^ a b . British Film Institute.
  9. ^ a b Hodgkin, Ernest P. (1995). "Barbara York Main", Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement. 52 (pp. vii–xv), p. xi.
  10. ^ Burdick, Alan (5 May 2018). "Elegy for the World’s Oldest Spider", The New Yorker.
  11. ^ Mason, Leanda Denise; Wardell-Johnson, Grant; and Main, Barbara York. (2018). "The longest-lived spider: mygalomorphs dig deep, and persevere". Pacific Conservation Biology, 24(2), pp. 203–206.
  12. ^ Hughes-d'Aeth, Tony (2017). "Barbara York Main (1929–)", Like Nothing on This Earth: A Literary History of the Wheatbelt. Crawley: UWA Publishing (pp. 381–432), p. 383.
  13. ^ a b Hughes-d'Aeth 2017, pp. 384–385.
  14. ^ Hughes-d'Aeth 2017, p. 385.
  15. ^ a b Hodgkin 1995, p. vii.
  16. ^ "The Lives They Lived 2019". The New York Times. 23 December 2019. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  17. ^ Hodgkin 1995, p. viii.
  18. ^ Hodgkin 1995, pp. viii–ix.
  19. ^ a b c Hodgkin 1995, p. ix.
  20. ^ Hughes-d'Aeth 2017, p. 391.
  21. ^ "Scared of Spiders? Read no further", The Sydney Morning Herald. 7 December 1972, p. 25.
  22. ^ Selway, Jennifer (20 September 1981). "The Week in View". The Observer, p. 44.
  23. ^ Cooke, Karen (5 August 1982). "Lady dips her lid to spiders". The Sydney Morning Herald, p. 42.
  24. ^ "Medal of The Royal Society of Western Australian", The Royal Society of Western Australian.
  25. ^ Hodgkin 1995, pp. xii–xv.

Further reading edit

  • Bannister, John (August–September 2012). "Barbara Main interview", University of Western Australia Oral Histories (audio: 22 August 2012; 29 August 2012; 5 September 2012).
  • Hughes-d'Aeth, Tony (November 2008). "Islands of Yesterday: The Ecological Writing of Barbara York Main". Westerly. 53: 12–26.

January 01, 1970
barbara, york, main, barbara, anne, york, main, january, 1929, 2019, australian, arachnologist, adjunct, professor, university, western, australia, author, four, books, over, research, papers, main, recognised, prolific, work, establishing, taxonomy, arachnids. Barbara Anne York Main OAM 27 January 1929 14 May 2019 3 was an Australian arachnologist and adjunct professor at the University of Western Australia 4 5 The author of four books and over 90 research papers 6 Main is recognised for her prolific work in establishing taxonomy for arachnids personally describing 34 species and seven new genera 7 The BBC and ABC produced a film about her work Lady of the Spiders in 1981 8 9 Barbara York MainMain in the North Bungulla Nature Reserve Western Australia 2015Born 1929 01 27 27 January 1929Kellerberrin Western AustraliaDied14 May 2019 2019 05 14 aged 90 2 NationalityAustralianEducationPhD zoology University of Western Australia 1956Known forStudy of arachnidsSpouseBert Main m 1952 2009 Children3AwardsMedal of the Order of Australia 1 Scientific careerFieldsArachnologyInstitutionsUniversity of Western AustraliaThesisA comparative study of the evolution of the Araneae as illustrated by the biology of the Aganippini Mygalomorphae Ctenizidae With research interests that include the natural history and taxonomy of mygalomorph spiders Main is noted for having studied the oldest known spider a Gaius villosus trapdoor spider she named Number 16 from its birth in 1974 to its death in 2016 10 4 11 Main is also recognised for her writing about the environment Two of her books Between Wodjil and Tor 1967 and Twice Trodden Ground 1971 have been described as classic studies of the cost to the environment of developing the wheatbelt in Western Australia 12 Main remained active in the research community until she retired in 2017 at the age of 88 4 Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early life 1 2 Education 1 3 Marriage 2 Career 3 Recognition 3 1 Awards and honours 3 2 Species and genera named in her honour 4 Selected works 4 1 Books essays 4 2 Papers 5 References 6 Further readingBiography editEarly life edit Main was born in hospital in Kellerberrin Western Australia the fourth child of Gladys York nee Tobias and Gerald Henry Harry York 13 The children four boys and a girl 14 grew up on a farm in the nearby Shire of Tammin in two rooms in a mud brick house 15 Main s parents had married in 1921 Her mother was born in Coolgardie and had worked as one of two teachers in a school in Yorkrakine and her father was a farmer who had emigrated in 1909 from Yorkshire in England 13 Main s early life was spent in what Australians know as Wodjil country areas of the wheatbelt region of Western Australia known for its acidic sand surrounded by Acacia victoriae sheoak plants and York gum trees She told ABC Radio National I felt an immediate affinity with small things not kangaroos or wedge tailed eagles I didn t have that one on one relationship with a kangaroo that I could with caterpillars So I d keep them and feed them in boxes and watch them turn into butterflies She wrote about the area and its destruction in her second book Between Wodjil and Tor 1967 7 Education edit Main and her brothers attended a bush school which Main left after two years to study at home through correspondence courses arranged by the Western Australian Education Department 15 She later attended Northam High School on a scholarship boarding with a woman who looked after other students 16 then from 1947 the University of Western Australia UWA to study science with a major in zoology In 1952 Main became the first woman to study at UWA for a PhD in zoology she received her PhD in 1956 for a thesis entitled A comparative study of the evolution of the Araneae as illustrated by the biology of the Aganippini Mygalomorphae Ctenizidae 17 Marriage edit In 1952 she married the Australian zoologist Bert Main they met at UWA received their PhDs in the same year and remained married until his death in 2009 7 The couple had three children Rebecca Gilbert and Monica Main was pregnant with her first child when she was awarded her PhD 18 She stayed at home to look after the children while also working on various research projects which included writing her first two books Spiders of Australia 1962 and Between Wodjil and Tor 1967 19 Career editBefore starting her PhD Main worked as a junior lecturer at the University of Otago in Dunedin New Zealand 20 In 1958 two years after receiving her PhD Main received an Alice Hamilton Fellowship from the International Federation of University Women to spend six months studying spider collections in London at the British Museum Natural History Museum and at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History She engaged in field work in California Arizona and Texas also in 1958 and visited spider collections in the American Museum of Natural History the Smithsonian and the Museum of Comparative Zoology while her husband was in the United States on a Carnegie Travelling Fellowship 19 Bert Main became Professor of Zoology at UWA and by 1960 the couple had set up home in Claremont 21 Main became an honorary lecturer in zoology at UWA in 1979 and later a senior honorary research fellow 19 In 1981 the BBC and ABC produced a documentary about her Lady of the Spiders narrated by David Attenborough and filmed by Jim Frazier and Densey Clyne 8 9 which discussed the 1 200 trapdoor spiders Main had been visiting and monitoring for the previous 12 years 22 23 Recognition editAwards and honours edit Main was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in January 2011 for service to science and conservation as a researcher and educator in the field of arachnology and to the community of Western Australia The award was announced in the 2011 Australia Day Honours List 1 She was also an honorary member of the International Society of Arachnology In 2018 Main was awarded the Medal of the Royal Society of Western Australia the first woman to win it since the award began in 1924 24 Species and genera named in her honour edit SPECIESSpiders Mainosa mainae McKay 1979 Tasmanoonops mainae Forster amp Platnick 1985 Zephyrarchaea mainae Platnick 1991 Tamopsis mainae Baehr amp Baehr 1993 Nicodamus mainae Harvey 1995 Pediana mainae Hirst 1995 Storena mainae Jocque amp Baehr 1995 Megaloastia mainae Zabka 1995 Hersilia mainae Baehr amp Baehr 1995 Aname mainae Raven 2000 Boolathana mainae Platnick 2002 Arbanitis yorkmainae Wishart amp Rowell 2008 Atrax yorkmainorum Gray 2010 Missulena mainae Miglio Harms Framenau amp Harvey 2014 Other arachnids Apozomus mainae Harvey 1992 schizomid Barbaraella mainae Harvey 1995 pseudoscorpion Hypoaspis barbarae Strong 1995 mite Hesperopilio mainae Shear 1996 harvestman Miobunus mainae Hunt 1995 harvestman Insects Adelotopus mainae Baehr 1997 beetle Ceratobaeus mainae Austin 1995 wasp Millipedes Atelomastix mainae Edward amp Harvey 2010 GENERA Bymainiella Raven 1978 spider Barbaraella Harvey 1995 pseudoscorpion Mainosa Framenau 2006 spider Selected works edit nbsp Scholia has a profile for Barbara York Main Q21338740 Books essays edit 1962 Spiders of Australia Brisbane Jacaranda Press 25 1967 Between Wodjil and Tor Brisbane Jacaranda Press 1971 Twice Trodden Ground Brisbane Jacaranda Press 1972 Marginal Country Westerly 17 2 June 1972 pp 21 36 1976 Spiders Sydney Collins Australian Naturalist Library series 1979 Alec Choate and Barbara York Main eds Summerland Perth UWA Publishing Papers edit Main had over 90 research papers published including Main B Y 1952 Notes on the genus Idiosoma a supposedly rare Western Australian trapdoor spider Western Australian Naturalist 3 130 137 Main B Y 1954 Spiders and Opiliones Part 6 of The Archipelago of the Recherche Australian Geographical Society Reports 1 37 53 Main B Y 1956 Observations on the burrow and natural history of the trapdoor spider Missulena Ctenizidae Western Australian Naturalist 5 73 80 Main B Y 1956 Taxonomy and biology of the genus Isometroides Keyserling Scorpionida Australian Journal of Zoology 4 158 164 Main B Y and Main A R 1956 Spider predator on a vertebrate Western Australian Naturalist 5 139 Main B Y 1957 Occurrence of the trapdoor spider Conothele malayana Doleschall in Australia Mygalomorphae Ctenizidae Western Australian Naturalist 5 209 216 Main B Y 1957 Adaptive radiation of trapdoor spiders Australian Museum Magazine 12 160 3 Main B Y 1957 Biology of Aganippine trapdoor spiders Mygalomorphae Ctenizidae Australian Journal of Zoology 5 402 473 Butler W H and Main B Y 1959 Predation on vertebrates by mygalomorph spiders Western Australian Naturalist 7 52 Main Barbara York 1960 The genus Cethegus thorell Mygalomorphae Macrothelinae Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 43 30 34 Harvey Mark S Main Barbara York Rix Michael G and Cooper Steven J B 2015 Refugia within refugia in situ speciation and conservation of threatened Bertmainius Araneae Migidae a new genus of relictual trapdoor spiders endemic to the mesic zone of south western Australia Invertebrate systematics 29 6 511 553 Mason Leanda Denise Wardell Johnson Grant and Main Barbara York 2016 Quality not quantity conserving species of low mobility and dispersal capacity in south western Australian urban remnants Pacific Conservation Biology 22 1 37 47 Mason Leanda Denise Wardell Johnson Grant and Main Barbara York 2018 The longest lived spider mygalomorphs dig deep and persevere Pacific Conservation Biology 24 2 203 206 Harvey Mark S Hillyer Mia J Main Barbara York et al 2018 Phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian open holed trapdoor spiders Araneae Mygalomorphae Nemesiidae Anaminae multi locus molecular analyses resolve the generic classification of a highly diverse fauna Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society zlx111 doi 10 1093 zoolinnean zlx111References edit a b Main Barbara York Australian Government Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet MAIN Dr Barbara Anne York OAM 27 1 1929 14 5 2019 The West Australian 16 May 2019 Accessed 23 May 2019 Ann Jones 2019 Barbara York Main Australia s spider woman and Wheatbelt advocate author and poet dies Off Track Australian Broadcasting Corporation Published May 23 2019 Accessed May 23 2019 a b c Selk Avi 1 May 2018 The extraordinary life and death of the world s oldest known spider The Washington Post Adj Prof Barbara York Main The University of Western Australia UWA people named in Australia Day Honours Archived 11 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine University of Western Australia 20 January 2011 a b c Williams Robyn 15 September 2013 Barbara York Main Spider Woman Ockham s Razor ABC Radio National Retrieved 30 April 2018 a b Lady of the Spiders 1981 British Film Institute a b Hodgkin Ernest P 1995 Barbara York Main Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 52 pp vii xv p xi Burdick Alan 5 May 2018 Elegy for the World s Oldest Spider The New Yorker Mason Leanda Denise Wardell Johnson Grant and Main Barbara York 2018 The longest lived spider mygalomorphs dig deep and persevere Pacific Conservation Biology 24 2 pp 203 206 Hughes d Aeth Tony 2017 Barbara York Main 1929 Like Nothing on This Earth A Literary History of the Wheatbelt Crawley UWA Publishing pp 381 432 p 383 a b Hughes d Aeth 2017 pp 384 385 Hughes d Aeth 2017 p 385 a b Hodgkin 1995 p vii The Lives They Lived 2019 The New York Times 23 December 2019 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 17 January 2020 Hodgkin 1995 p viii Hodgkin 1995 pp viii ix a b c Hodgkin 1995 p ix Hughes d Aeth 2017 p 391 Scared of Spiders Read no further The Sydney Morning Herald 7 December 1972 p 25 Selway Jennifer 20 September 1981 The Week in View The Observer p 44 Cooke Karen 5 August 1982 Lady dips her lid to spiders The Sydney Morning Herald p 42 Medal of The Royal Society of Western Australian The Royal Society of Western Australian Hodgkin 1995 pp xii xv Further reading editBannister John August September 2012 Barbara Main interview University of Western Australia Oral Histories audio 22 August 2012 29 August 2012 5 September 2012 Hughes d Aeth Tony November 2008 Islands of Yesterday The Ecological Writing of Barbara York Main Westerly 53 12 26 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Barbara York Main amp oldid 1194082327, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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