Banksia subg. Banksia is a valid botanic name for a subgenus of Banksia. As an autonym, it necessarily contains the type species of Banksia, B. serrata (Saw Banksia). Within this constraint, however, there have been various circumscriptions.
B. subg. Banksia can be traced back to Banksia verae, an unranked taxon published by Robert Brown in his 1810 Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen. Under Brown's arrangement, Banksia was divided into two groups based on inflorescence shape. Banksia verae was defined as containing those Banksia taxa with the elongate flower spike typical of Banksia, and it thus contained all but one species. The remaining species, B. ilicifolia (Holly-leaved Banksia), has a dome-shaped head and so was placed alone in Isostylis.[1]
Brown published a further eleven species in 1830, placing all of them in Banksia verae. The 1830 circumscription of Banksia verae was as follows:[2]
Banksia verae was renamed Eubanksia by Stephan Endlicher in his 1847 fourth supplement to Genera Plantarum Secundum Ordines Naturales Disposita,[3] and this name was retained in Carl Meissner's 1856 arrangement. Meissner gave Eubanksia sectional rank, further dividing it into four series, B. ser. Abietinæ, B. ser. Salicinae, B. ser. Quercinae and B. ser. Dryandroideae.[4] These series were defined in terms of leaf shape alone, and were hence all highly heterogeneous, with the exception of B. ser. Abietinæ, which contained only (but not all) species with hooked styles.[5]
Meissner's 1856 circumscription of B. sect. Eubanksia was as follows:[4]
The top-level split into Eubanksia and Isostylis was abandoned by George Bentham in 1870. Instead, Bentham divided the genus into five section, retaining B. sect. Isostylis, but dividing the remaining species into four sections.[6]
B. subg. Banksiasensu George
In 1981, Alex George published a thorough revision of Banksia in his classic monograph The genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae). George reinstated Meissner's Eubanksia and Isostylis, giving them subgeneric rank. By this time, however, the rules of botanical nomenclature had been formalised in such a way that Eubanksia was required to take the autonymB. subg. Banksia.[5]
George's arrangement was overturned in 1996 by Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges, but in 1999 George published a slightly modified version in his treatment of Banksia for the Flora of Australia series of monographs. George's 1999 arrangement is not universally accepted, and accords poorly with recently published cladistic analyses, yet it remains the most recently published arrangement.[7]
In George's taxonomic arrangement of Banksia, B. subg. Banksia is further divided into three sections, primarily on the shape of the style. B. sect. Banksia species have a straight or curved, but never hooked, style; this section contains about 50 species that are further divided into nine series. B. sect. Coccinea contains a single species, Banksia coccinea. B. sect. Oncostylis contains those species whose styles are hooked; it contains about 20 species, which are further divided into four series. It is circumscribed as follows:[7]
In 1996, Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges published the results of a cladistic analysis of Banksia. They found George's arrangement to accord fairly closely with their inferred cladogram, so sought to publish a taxonomic arrangement that reflected their phylogeny whilst being minimally disruptive to the then-current arrangement. They accepted both of George's subgenera prior to the analysis, using each as an outgroup in the analysis of the other. Thus their analysis yielded little information about the circumscription and placement of B. subg. Banksia. They did find, however, that the subgenus was not monophyletic unless B. elegans (Elegant Banksia) was excluded. They ended up listing B. elegans and five other species as incertae sedis, but otherwise maintained George's circumscription of the subgenus.[8]
In 2005, Austin Mast, Eric Jones and Shawn Havery published the results of their cladistic analyses of DNA sequence data for Banksia. They inferred a phylogeny very greatly different from the accepted taxonomic arrangement, including finding Banksia to be paraphyletic with respect to Dryandra.[9][10][11] A new taxonomic arrangement was not published at the time, but early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement by transferring Dryandra to Banksia, and publishing B. subg. Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons. Thus B. subg. Banksia was redefined as containing the species lacking spoon-shaped cotyledons. Mast and Thiele have foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra is complete.[12]
^ abGeorge, Alex S. (1999). "Banksia". In Wilson, Annette (ed.). Flora of Australia. Vol. 17B: Proteaceae 3: Hakea to Dryandra. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. pp. 175–251. ISBN0-643-06454-0.
^ abThiele, Kevin; Ladiges, Pauline Y. (1996). "A Cladistic Analysis of Banksia (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 9 (5): 661–733. doi:10.1071/SB9960661.
^Mast, Austin R. (1998). "Molecular systematics of subtribe Banksiinae (Banksia and Dryandra; Proteaceae) based on cpDNA and nrDNA sequence data: implications for taxonomy and biogeography". Australian Systematic Botany. 11 (4): 321–342. doi:10.1071/SB97026.
^Mast, Austin R.; Givnish, Thomas J. (2002). "Historical biogeography and the origin of stomatal distributions in Banksia and Dryandra (Proteaceae) based on Their cpDNA phylogeny". American Journal of Botany. 89 (8): 1311–1323. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.8.1311. PMID 21665734.
^Mast, Austin R.; Eric H. Jones & Shawn P. Havery (2005). "An assessment of old and new DNA sequence evidence for the paraphyly of Banksia with respect to Dryandra (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. CSIRO Publishing / Australian Systematic Botany Society. 18 (1): 75–88. doi:10.1071/SB04015.
^Mast, Austin R. & Kevin Thiele (2007). "The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 20: 63–71. doi:10.1071/SB06016.
External links
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banksia, subg, banksia, valid, botanic, name, subgenus, banksia, autonym, necessarily, contains, type, species, banksia, serrata, banksia, within, this, constraint, however, there, have, been, various, circumscriptions, banksia, serrata, banksia, type, species. Banksia subg Banksia is a valid botanic name for a subgenus of Banksia As an autonym it necessarily contains the type species of Banksia B serrata Saw Banksia Within this constraint however there have been various circumscriptions Banksia subg BanksiaBanksia serrata saw banksia the type species of Banksia Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsOrder ProtealesFamily ProteaceaeGenus BanksiaSubgenus Banksia subg Banksia Contents 1 Banksia verae 2 Eubanksia 3 B subg Banksia sensu George 4 B subg Banksia sensu Thiele and Ladiges 5 B subg Banksia sensu Mast and Thiele 6 References 7 External linksBanksia verae EditB subg Banksia can be traced back to Banksia verae an unranked taxon published by Robert Brown in his 1810 Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen Under Brown s arrangement Banksia was divided into two groups based on inflorescence shape Banksia verae was defined as containing those Banksia taxa with the elongate flower spike typical of Banksia and it thus contained all but one species The remaining species B ilicifolia Holly leaved Banksia has a dome shaped head and so was placed alone in Isostylis 1 Brown published a further eleven species in 1830 placing all of them in Banksia verae The 1830 circumscription of Banksia verae was as follows 2 BanksiaBanksia veraeB pulchella B sphaerocarpa B nutans B ericifolia B spinulosa B Cunninghamii now B spinulosa var cunninghamii B collina now B spinulosa var collina B occidentalis B littoralis B marginata B depressa now B marginata B patula now B marginata B australis now B marginata B insularis now B marginata B integrifolia B compar now B integrifolia subsp compar B verticillata B coccinea B paludosa B oblongifolia B latifolia now B robur B marcescens now B praemorsa B media B attenuata B Caleyi B Baueri B Menziesii B elatior now B aemula B serrata B aemula B dentata B quercifolia B speciosa B Solandri B grandis B Baxteri B Goodii B prostrata now B gardneri B repens B Dryandroides B Brownii dd Isostylis one species dd Eubanksia EditBanksia verae was renamed Eubanksia by Stephan Endlicher in his 1847 fourth supplement to Genera Plantarum Secundum Ordines Naturales Disposita 3 and this name was retained in Carl Meissner s 1856 arrangement Meissner gave Eubanksia sectional rank further dividing it into four series B ser Abietinae B ser Salicinae B ser Quercinae and B ser Dryandroideae 4 These series were defined in terms of leaf shape alone and were hence all highly heterogeneous with the exception of B ser Abietinae which contained only but not all species with hooked styles 5 Meissner s 1856 circumscription of B sect Eubanksia was as follows 4 BanksiaB sect EubanksiaB ser AbietinaeB pulchella B Meisneri B sphaerocarpaB sphaerocarpa var glabrescens now B incana dd B pinifolia now B leptophylla B nutans B ericifolia B spinulosa B tricuspis dd B ser SalicinaeB cunninghamii now B spinulosa var cunninghamii B collina now B spinulosa var collina B occidentalis B littoralis B cylindrostachya now B attenuata B lindleyana B marginataB marginata var Cavanillesii now B marginata B marginata var microstachya now B marginata B marginata var humilis now B marginata dd B depressa now B marginata B depressa var subintegra now B marginata dd B patula now B marginata B australis now B marginata B Gunnii now B marginata B insularis now B marginata B integrifoliaB integrifolia var minor now B integrifolia subsp integrifolia B integrifolia var major now B integrifolia subsp integrifolia B integrifolia var dentata now B robur dd B compar now B integrifolia subsp compar B paludosa B verticillata B media B attenuata B elatior now B aemula B laevigata B Hookeriana B prionotes B Menziesii dd B ser QuercinaeB coccinea B sceptrum B Baueri B ornata B latifolia now B robur B marcescens now B praemorsa B oblongifolia B serrata B aemula B CaleyiB caleyi var sinuosa now B caleyi dd B Lemanniana B quercifolia B dentata B prostrata now B gardneri B Goodii B barbigera B repens B SolandriB solandri var major now B solandri dd dd B ser DryandroideaeB grandis B Baxteri B speciosa B Victoriae B elegans B Candolleana B dryandroides B Brownii dd dd B sect Isostylis one species dd The top level split into Eubanksia and Isostylis was abandoned by George Bentham in 1870 Instead Bentham divided the genus into five section retaining B sect Isostylis but dividing the remaining species into four sections 6 B subg Banksia sensu George EditIn 1981 Alex George published a thorough revision of Banksia in his classic monograph The genus Banksia L f Proteaceae George reinstated Meissner s Eubanksia and Isostylis giving them subgeneric rank By this time however the rules of botanical nomenclature had been formalised in such a way that Eubanksia was required to take the autonym B subg Banksia 5 George s arrangement was overturned in 1996 by Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges but in 1999 George published a slightly modified version in his treatment of Banksia for the Flora of Australia series of monographs George s 1999 arrangement is not universally accepted and accords poorly with recently published cladistic analyses yet it remains the most recently published arrangement 7 In George s taxonomic arrangement of Banksia B subg Banksia is further divided into three sections primarily on the shape of the style B sect Banksia species have a straight or curved but never hooked style this section contains about 50 species that are further divided into nine series B sect Coccinea contains a single species Banksia coccinea B sect Oncostylis contains those species whose styles are hooked it contains about 20 species which are further divided into four series It is circumscribed as follows 7 BanksiaB subg BanksiaB sect BanksiaB ser SalicinaeB dentata B aquilonia B integrifoliaB integrifolia subsp integrifolia B integrifolia subsp compar B integrifolia subsp monticola dd B plagiocarpa B oblongifolia B robur B confertaB conferta subsp conferta B conferta subsp penicillata dd B paludosaB paludosa subsp astrolux B paludosa subsp paludosa dd B marginata B canei B saxicola dd B ser GrandesB grandis B solandri dd B ser BanksiaB serrata B aemula B ornata B baxteri B speciosa B menziesii B candolleana B sceptrum dd B ser CrocinaeB prionotes B burdettii B hookeriana B victoriae dd B ser ProstrataeB goodii B gardneriB gardneri var gardneri B gardneri var brevidentata B gardneri var hiemalis dd B chamaephyton B blechnifolia B repens B petiolaris dd B ser CyrtostylisB media B praemorsa B epica B pilostylis B attenuata B ashbyi B benthamiana B audax B lullfitzii B elderiana B laevigataB laevigata subsp laevigata B laevigata subsp fuscolutea dd B elegans B lindleyana dd B ser TetragonaeB lemanniana B caleyi B aculeata dd B ser BauerinaeB baueri dd B ser QuercinaeB quercifolia B oreophila dd dd B sect CoccineaB coccinea dd dd B sect OncostylisB ser SpicigeraeB spinulosaB spinulosa var spinulosa B spinulosa var collina B spinulosa var neoanglica B spinulosa var cunninghamii dd B ericifoliaB ericifolia subsp ericifolia B ericifolia subsp macrantha dd B verticillata B seminuda B littoralis B occidentalis B brownii dd B ser TricuspidaeB tricuspis dd B ser DryandroideaeB dryandroides dd B ser AbietinaeB sphaerocarpaB sphaerocarpa var sphaerocarpa B sphaerocarpa var caesia B sphaerocarpa var dolichostyla dd B micrantha B grossa B telmatiaea B leptophyllaB leptophylla var leptophylla B leptophylla var melletica dd B lanata B scabrella B violacea B incana B laricina B pulchella B meisneriB meisneri subsp meisneri B meisneri subsp ascendens dd B nutansB nutans var nutans B nutans var cernuella dd dd dd dd B subg Isostylis 3 species dd B subg Banksia sensu Thiele and Ladiges EditIn 1996 Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges published the results of a cladistic analysis of Banksia They found George s arrangement to accord fairly closely with their inferred cladogram so sought to publish a taxonomic arrangement that reflected their phylogeny whilst being minimally disruptive to the then current arrangement They accepted both of George s subgenera prior to the analysis using each as an outgroup in the analysis of the other Thus their analysis yielded little information about the circumscription and placement of B subg Banksia They did find however that the subgenus was not monophyletic unless B elegans Elegant Banksia was excluded They ended up listing B elegans and five other species as incertae sedis but otherwise maintained George s circumscription of the subgenus 8 In Thiele and Ladiges taxonomic arrangement of Banksia B subg Banksia is divided into twelve series Its placement and circumscription may be summarised as follows 8 BanksiaB subg Isostylis three species B elegans incertae sedis B subg BanksiaB ser TetragonaeB elderiana B lemanniana B caleyi B aculeata dd B ser LindleyanaeB lindleyana dd B ser BanksiaB subser BanksiaB ornata B serrata B aemula dd B subser CratistylisB candolleana B sceptrum B baxteri B speciosa B menziesii B burdettii B victoriae B hookeriana B prionotes dd dd B baueri incertae sedis B lullfitzii incertae sedis B attenuata incertae sedis B ashbyi incertae sedis B coccinea incertae sedis B ser ProstrataeB petiolaris B repens B chamaephyton B blechnifolia B hiemalis now B gardneri var hiemalis B gardneri B brevidentata now B gardneri var brevidentata B goodii dd B ser CyrtostylisB pilostylis B media B epica B praemorsa dd B ser OchraceaeB benthamiana B audax B laevigataB laevigata subsp laevigata B laevigata subsp fuscolutea dd dd B ser GrandesB grandis B solandri dd B ser SalicinaeB subser AcclivesB oblongifolia B plagiocarpa B robur B dentata dd B subser IntegrifoliaeB marginata B conferta B penicillata now B conferta subsp penicillata B paludosa B canei B saxicola B integrifoliaB integrifolia subsp integrifolia B integrifolia subsp monticola B integrifolia subsp compar B integrifolia subsp aquilonia now B aquilonia dd dd dd B ser SpicigeraeBanksia subser SpinulosaeB spinulosaB spinulosa var spinulosa B spinulosa var collina B spinulosa var cunninghamii B spinulosa var neoanglica dd dd B subser EricifoliaeB ericifoliaB ericifolia var ericifolia B ericifolia var macrantha dd dd B subser OccidentalesB occidentalis B brownii B seminuda B verticillata B littoralis dd dd B ser QuercinaeB quercifolia B oreophila dd B ser DryandroideaeB dryandroides dd B ser AbietinaeB subser NutantesB nutansB nutans var nutans B nutans var cernuella dd dd B subser SphaerocarpaeB grossa B dolichostyla now B sphaerocarpa var dolichostyla B micrantha B sphaerocarpaB sphaerocarpa var sphaerocarpa B sphaerocarpa var caesia dd dd B subser LeptophyllaeB telmatiaea B scabrella B leptophyllaB leptophylla var melletica B leptophylla var leptophylla dd B lanata dd B subser LongistylesB violacea B laricina B incana B tricuspis B pulchella B meisneriB meisneri var meisneri B meisneri var ascendens dd dd dd dd B ser Dryandra dd B subg Banksia sensu Mast and Thiele EditIn 2005 Austin Mast Eric Jones and Shawn Havery published the results of their cladistic analyses of DNA sequence data for Banksia They inferred a phylogeny very greatly different from the accepted taxonomic arrangement including finding Banksia to be paraphyletic with respect to Dryandra 9 10 11 A new taxonomic arrangement was not published at the time but early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement by transferring Dryandra to Banksia and publishing B subg Spathulatae for the species having spoon shaped cotyledons Thus B subg Banksia was redefined as containing the species lacking spoon shaped cotyledons Mast and Thiele have foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra is complete 12 References Edit Brown Robert 1810 Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen London Taylor Brown Robert 1830 Supplementum Primum Prodromi Florae Novae Hollandiae London Taylor Endlicher Stephan 1847 Genera Plantarum Secundum Ordines Naturales Disposita Supplement 4 pp 88 a b Meissner Carl 1856 Proteaceae In de Candolle A P ed Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis Vol 14 Paris Sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel et Wurtz a b George Alex S 1981 The Genus Banksia L f Proteaceae Nuytsia 3 3 239 473 Bentham George 1870 Banksia Flora Australiensis Vol 5 Myoporineae to Proteaceae London L Reeve amp Co pp 541 562 a b George Alex S 1999 Banksia In Wilson Annette ed Flora of Australia Vol 17B Proteaceae 3 Hakea to Dryandra Collingwood Victoria CSIRO Publishing Australian Biological Resources Study pp 175 251 ISBN 0 643 06454 0 a b Thiele Kevin Ladiges Pauline Y 1996 A Cladistic Analysis of Banksia Proteaceae Australian Systematic Botany 9 5 661 733 doi 10 1071 SB9960661 Mast Austin R 1998 Molecular systematics of subtribe Banksiinae Banksia and Dryandra Proteaceae based on cpDNA and nrDNA sequence data implications for taxonomy and biogeography Australian Systematic Botany 11 4 321 342 doi 10 1071 SB97026 Mast Austin R Givnish Thomas J 2002 Historical biogeography and the origin of stomatal distributions in Banksia and Dryandra Proteaceae based on Their cpDNA phylogeny American Journal of Botany 89 8 1311 1323 doi 10 3732 ajb 89 8 1311 PMID 21665734 Mast Austin R Eric H Jones amp Shawn P Havery 2005 An assessment of old and new DNA sequence evidence for the paraphyly of Banksia with respect to Dryandra Proteaceae Australian Systematic Botany CSIRO Publishing Australian Systematic Botany Society 18 1 75 88 doi 10 1071 SB04015 Mast Austin R amp Kevin Thiele 2007 The transfer of Dryandra R Br to Banksia L f Proteaceae Australian Systematic Botany 20 63 71 doi 10 1071 SB06016 External links Edit Wikispecies has information related to Banksia subg Banksia Banksia subg Banksia Flora of Australia Online Department of the Environment and Heritage Australian Government Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Banksia subg Banksia amp oldid 1101594567, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
