David Dalby coined the term Bak from the bVk- prefix found in the personal plural forms of demonstratives in the Bak languages. The -k- is not found in other Atlantic languages.[1]
Bijago is highly divergent. Sapir (1971) classified it as an isolate within West Atlantic.[2] However, Segerer (2010) showed that this is primarily due to unrecognized sound changes, and that Bijago is in fact close to the Bak languages.[3][4] For example, the following cognates in Bijago and Joola Kasa (one of the Jola languages) are completely regular, but had not previously been identified:
Gloss
Bijago
Joola Kasa
head
bu
fu-kow
eye
nɛ
ji-cil
Segerer reconstructs the ancestral forms as *bu-gof and *di-gɛs, respectively, with the following developments:
*bu-gof
> *bu-kof > *bu-kow > fu-kow
> *bu-ŋof > *bu-ŋo > (u-)bu
*di-gɛs
> *di-kis > *di-kil > ji-cil
> *ne-ŋɛs > *ne-ŋɛ > nɛ
Comparative vocabulary
Comparison of basic vocabulary words of the Bak languages:[1]
^ abWilson, William André Auquier. 2007. Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
^Sapir, David (1971). "West Atlantic: An inventory of the languages, their noun class systems and consonant alternations." Current Trends in Linguistics 7:45-112. The Hague: Mouton.
^Segerer, Guillaume. 2010a. ‘Isolates’ in ‘Atlantic’. Paper presented at the International Workshop “Language Isolates in Africa,” Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage (DDL) Lyon, 3‒4 December.
^Segerer, Guillaume. 2010b. The Atlantic languages: State of the art. Paper presented at the International Workshop “Genealogical language classification in Africa beyond Greenberg,” Humboldt University Berlin, 21‒22 February. (accessed 30 March 2017).
January 07, 2023
languages, group, typologically, atlantic, languages, senegal, guinea, bissau, linked, 2010, erstwhile, atlantic, isolate, bijago, tonal, bakbak, bijagogeographicdistributionsenegal, guinea, bissaulinguistic, classificationniger, congo, atlantic, congosenegamb. The Bak languages are a group of typologically Atlantic languages of Senegal and Guinea Bissau linked in 2010 to the erstwhile Atlantic isolate Bijago Bak languages are non tonal BakBak BijagoGeographicdistributionSenegal Guinea BissauLinguistic classificationNiger Congo Atlantic CongoSenegambianBakSubdivisionsBak proper BijagoGlottologcent2230 Contents 1 Name 2 Languages 3 Classification of Bijago 4 Comparative vocabulary 5 ReferencesName EditDavid Dalby coined the term Bak from the bVk prefix found in the personal plural forms of demonstratives in the Bak languages The k is not found in other Atlantic languages 1 Languages Edit Bak proper BalantaJola languages Diola Papel languages Manjaku BijagoClassification of Bijago EditBijago is highly divergent Sapir 1971 classified it as an isolate within West Atlantic 2 However Segerer 2010 showed that this is primarily due to unrecognized sound changes and that Bijago is in fact close to the Bak languages 3 4 For example the following cognates in Bijago and Joola Kasa one of the Jola languages are completely regular but had not previously been identified Gloss Bijago Joola Kasahead bu fu koweye nɛ ji cilSegerer reconstructs the ancestral forms as bu gof and di gɛs respectively with the following developments bu gof gt bu kof gt bu kow gt fu kow gt bu ŋof gt bu ŋo gt u bu di gɛs gt di kis gt di kil gt ji cil gt ne ŋɛs gt ne ŋɛ gt nɛComparative vocabulary EditComparison of basic vocabulary words of the Bak languages 1 Language eye ear nose tooth tongue mouth blood bone tree water name surnameDiola Felup nyi kil ku ka ɔs o e ŋindu si ka ŋin o u reeruɸ ku bo ʂom o ha sim ka gakaDiola Husuy ji kil ka noo outer ɛ jan inner ɛ ŋendu ka ŋiin ho leluf bu tum h asim ɛ wool bu nunukɛn u mal ka jaw ka saaf u Diola Diembereng di gin ka gɔndin ɛ jamo ɛ yinu ka ŋiin kaa leeluf bu tum hallna na nukanuk nyu mɔ hujɔ ho rooKaron ni kin kaa now y iinu ka ŋiin hi lɛɛluuf pu tum hi sim kaa cɛcPapel Biombo p kihl k i k warʂ bu ihl i nose b ihl nostril p nyiḭ p remtɛ k i m ntum p nyaak p mɔ h ɔ b oonoʔ ŋ m bu mul log m nrʂup k tim i p nɔntʂaPapel Safim kis b is m tuɣumManjaco Baboque pe kes k ka batʂ b iis g pe roomaj i pe ndeament m tum pe nyak ka mua b kɔʔ g m ŋk m lek ka timManjaco Pecixe kekahl ke i ka barʂ bu ahl iihl nose b iihl ŋ nostril pedoomiʔ p diamet m tum ŋ i pe nyaak ka mua ka timManjaco Churo pe kes ka bah b iis p roomɛɛʔ p reemint n tum pe nyaak ka muh bo mol o n nek ka tim land Mancanha pe keʂ ka batʂ b yis pe nyḭ pe ndɛment m ntum pe nyaak pe mɔh be jɛl ŋ m ɛl ka tim ka bɛpBalanta northern Kentɔhɛ f kit k ke lɔʔ k b fuŋa f sec k ke dɛmat O b sum k saham f hool k b ta O wɛdɛ f tookɛ f mbɛɛmBijago n ɛ ŋ kɔ nnɔ ŋa ŋɔ mɔ ka nyi ŋa nu numɛ ka na ŋa nɛ nyɛ ka ŋkpeene ŋa ŋɔ maŋgi mɔ n nyo n to brine ŋa bin N References Edit a b Wilson William Andre Auquier 2007 Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group description and internal classification Schriften zur Afrikanistik 12 Frankfurt am Main Peter Lang Sapir David 1971 West Atlantic An inventory of the languages their noun class systems and consonant alternations Current Trends in Linguistics 7 45 112 The Hague Mouton Segerer Guillaume 2010a Isolates in Atlantic Paper presented at the International Workshop Language Isolates in Africa Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage DDL Lyon 3 4 December Segerer Guillaume 2010b The Atlantic languages State of the art Paper presented at the International Workshop Genealogical language classification in Africa beyond Greenberg Humboldt University Berlin 21 22 February accessed 30 March 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bak languages amp oldid 1058112168, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
