The Bahnaric languages are a group of about thirty Austroasiatic languages spoken by about 700,000 people in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. Paul Sidwell notes that Austroasiatic/Mon–Khmer languages are lexically more similar to Bahnaric and Katuic languages the closer they are geographically, independently of which branch of the family they belong to, but that Bahnaric and Katuic do not have any shared innovations that would suggest that together they form a branch of the Austroasiatic family, rather forming separate branches.
Internal diversity suggests that the family broke up about 3,000 years ago.[citation needed] North Bahnaric is characterized by a register contrast between breathy and modal voice, which in Sedang has tensed to become modal–creaky voice.
Lamam is a clan name of the neighboring Tampuon and Kaco’.
Sidwell (2009) tentatively classifies the Bahnaric languages into four branches, with Cua (Kor) classified independently as East Bahnaric.[1][2]
North Bahnaric consists of a dialect chain spoken to the north of the Chamic languages.[4] Sedang and Hre have the most speakers, each with about 100,000.
Other Northern Bahnaric languages, too poorly known to classify further, are Duan and Katua.
West Bahnaric
West Bahnaric is a dialect chain to the west of North Bahnaric,[5] Unlike the other Bahnaric languages to the east, the West Bahnaric languages were under Khmer rather than Chamic influence, and also by the Katuic languages as part of a Katuic-West Bahnaric sprachbund (Sidwell 2003).
Sidwell (2003) proposes the following West Bahnaric groupings, with Lavi branching off first, Jru'/Laven, Su', and Juk as forming a branch that had branched off secondarily, and the rest within a core group. Jru' and Brao each have tens of thousands of speakers, while the other languages have no more than 1,000 speakers each.
Kassang is a Bahnaric language (Sidwell 2003), though Ethnologue lists it as Katuic.
Sidwell (2002, quoted in Sidwell 2003) gives the following classification for the Central Bahnaric languages.[7] Note that Sidwell (2009) later classifies Cua as an independent branch, namely East Bahnaric.
^Sidwell, Paul. 2009. "How many branches in a tree? Cua and East (North) Bahnaric". In Evans, Bethwyn (ed). Discovering History Through Language: Papers in Honour of Malcolm Ross. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
^Sidwell, Paul. 2010. "Cua (Kor) historical phonology and classification 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine." Mon-Khmer Studies 39:105-122.
^Barr, Julie and Eric Pawley. 2013. Bahnaric Language Cluster survey of Mondul Kiri and Kratie Provinces, Cambodia. SIL International.
^Sidwell, Edmondson, & Gregerson. 2011. "The North Bahnaric Clade: A Computational Approach." In Srichampa, Sidwell & Gregerson (eds.) Austroasiatic Studies: papers from the ICAAL4: Mon-Khmer Studies Journal Special Issue No. 3, pp.23-37
^ ab(PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-11. Retrieved 2012-04-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ ab. www.anu.edu.au. Archived from the original on 2007-07-06.
^Sidwell, Paul (2002). "Genetic classification of the Bahnaric languages: a comprehensive review." Mon-Khmer Studies: A Journal of Southeast Asian Linguistics and Languages 32: 1-24.
^Here is a diagram of the divided Northern Bahnaric language family.
^Sidwell, Paul. 2015. "Austroasiatic classification." In Jenny, Mathias and Paul Sidwell, eds (2015). The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages. Leiden: Brill.
Further reading
Cheeseman, Nathaniel; Herington, Jennifer; Sidwell, Paul (2013). Bahnaric Bahnaric linguistic bibliography with selected annotations. Mon-Khmer Studies vol. 42 Mahidol University and SIL International.
Sidwell, Paul (2003). A Handbook of comparative Bahnaric, Vol. 1: West Bahnaric. Pacific Linguistics, 551. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.
Jacq, P., & Sidewell, P. (2000). A comparative West Bahnaric dictionary. Languages of the world, 21. München: LINCOM Europa. ISBN3-89586-558-3
Sidwell, Paul. (2002). Genetic Classification of the Bahnaric Languages: a comprehensive review. Mon-Khmer Studies, Vol. 32. Mahidol University, Thailand.
Sidwell, Paul (2000). Proto South Bahnaric: a reconstruction of a Mon–Khmer language of Indo-China. Pacific Linguistics, 501. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. ISBN0-85883-444-8
Smith, K. D. (1972). A phonological reconstruction of Proto-North-Bahnaric. Language data: Asian-Pacific series, no. 2. Santa Ana, Calif: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
External links
SEALang SALA provisional classification of Mon–Khmer
bahnaric, languages, group, about, thirty, austroasiatic, languages, spoken, about, people, vietnam, cambodia, laos, paul, sidwell, notes, that, austroasiatic, khmer, languages, lexically, more, similar, bahnaric, katuic, languages, closer, they, geographicall. The Bahnaric languages are a group of about thirty Austroasiatic languages spoken by about 700 000 people in Vietnam Cambodia and Laos Paul Sidwell notes that Austroasiatic Mon Khmer languages are lexically more similar to Bahnaric and Katuic languages the closer they are geographically independently of which branch of the family they belong to but that Bahnaric and Katuic do not have any shared innovations that would suggest that together they form a branch of the Austroasiatic family rather forming separate branches BahnaricGeographicdistributionMainland Southeast AsiaLinguistic classificationAustroasiaticBahnaricProto languageProto BahnaricSubdivisionsCentral Bahnaric North Bahnaric West BahnaricGlottologbahn1264 Bahnaric Contents 1 Internal controversy 1 1 North Bahnaric 1 2 West Bahnaric 1 3 Central Bahnaric 1 4 Language diagrams 2 Lexical innovations 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksInternal controversy EditInternal diversity suggests that the family broke up about 3 000 years ago citation needed North Bahnaric is characterized by a register contrast between breathy and modal voice which in Sedang has tensed to become modal creaky voice Lamam is a clan name of the neighboring Tampuon and Kaco Sidwell 2009 tentatively classifies the Bahnaric languages into four branches with Cua Kor classified independently as East Bahnaric 1 2 Unclassified Bahnaric languages of Cambodia include Mel Khaonh Ra ong and Thmon 3 BahnaricWest Bahnaric Jru Laven Juk Su Nyaheun Oi The Sok Sapuan Cheng Brao Laveh Krung Kravet Central Bahnaric Taliang Kasseng Alak Central South Tampuon Bahnar South Bahnaric Chrau Sre Stieng Mnong North Bahnaric Halang Kayong Jeh Kotau Tadrah Modrah Sedang Hre Monom Bonam Rengao Kaco Ramam East Bahnaric Cua Kor North Bahnaric Edit North Bahnaric consists of a dialect chain spoken to the north of the Chamic languages 4 Sedang and Hre have the most speakers each with about 100 000 North JehHalangKayongRomam Kaco TakuaMonom Bonam Monam Todrah Didrah Modrah SedangRengaoHreOther Northern Bahnaric languages too poorly known to classify further are Duan and Katua West Bahnaric Edit West Bahnaric is a dialect chain to the west of North Bahnaric 5 Unlike the other Bahnaric languages to the east the West Bahnaric languages were under Khmer rather than Chamic influence and also by the Katuic languages as part of a Katuic West Bahnaric sprachbund Sidwell 2003 West Bahnaric Brao Kavet Lave Brao Kru ng Kravet Laven Sou split Nyaheun Oi The Jeng Oy Sok Sapuan TheSidwell 2003 proposes the following West Bahnaric groupings with Lavi branching off first Jru Laven Su and Juk as forming a branch that had branched off secondarily and the rest within a core group Jru and Brao each have tens of thousands of speakers while the other languages have no more than 1 000 speakers each West Bahnaric Lavi branch Jru Laven Su Juk branch Nyaheun Sapuan Oi Sok Cheng Laveh BraoCentral Bahnaric Edit Central Bahnaric is a language family divided by the Chamic languages 5 6 Bahnar Mnong and Sre Koho each have over 100 000 speakers Central Bahnaric Alak Cua Taliang Kassang Central South to the southwest of Chamic Tampuon Bahnar South Bahnaric Stieng Chrau Chrau 6 Stieng Bulo Budeh Sre Mnong Koho MnongKassang is a Bahnaric language Sidwell 2003 though Ethnologue lists it as Katuic Sidwell 2002 quoted in Sidwell 2003 gives the following classification for the Central Bahnaric languages 7 Note that Sidwell 2009 later classifies Cua as an independent branch namely East Bahnaric Central Bahnaric North Central Alak Halak West Central Kasseng Taliang Yaeh East Central Cua South Central Tampuon Bahnar South Bahnaric Chrau Koho Ma Stieng MnongLanguage diagrams Edit North Bahnaric 8 2022 North Bahnaric Bahnar Rengao Sedang Todrah Monom Sedang Todrah Monom SedangTodrahMonom Bahnar Rengao BahnarRengao Halang Jeh Trieng Kayong Katua Hre Jeh Trieng JehTriengKayongHalangKatuaHre Lamamic KacoRomamLexical innovations EditPaul Sidwell 2015 183 9 lists the following Bahnaric lexical innovations that had replaced original Proto Austroasiatic forms Gloss Proto Bahnaric Proto Austroasiaticbone kʦɨːŋ cʔaːŋfire ʔuɲ ʔustongue lpiet lntaːkReferences Edit Sidwell Paul 2009 How many branches in a tree Cua and East North Bahnaric In Evans Bethwyn ed Discovering History Through Language Papers in Honour of Malcolm Ross Canberra Pacific Linguistics Sidwell Paul 2010 Cua Kor historical phonology and classification Archived 2016 03 04 at the Wayback Machine Mon Khmer Studies 39 105 122 Barr Julie and Eric Pawley 2013 Bahnaric Language Cluster survey of Mondul Kiri and Kratie Provinces Cambodia SIL International Sidwell Edmondson amp Gregerson 2011 The North Bahnaric Clade A Computational Approach In Srichampa Sidwell amp Gregerson eds Austroasiatic Studies papers from the ICAAL4 Mon Khmer Studies Journal Special Issue No 3 pp 23 37 a b Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2011 06 11 Retrieved 2012 04 03 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link a b Central Bahnaric languages www anu edu au Archived from the original on 2007 07 06 Sidwell Paul 2002 Genetic classification of the Bahnaric languages a comprehensive review Mon Khmer Studies A Journal of Southeast Asian Linguistics and Languages 32 1 24 Here is a diagram of the divided Northern Bahnaric language family Sidwell Paul 2015 Austroasiatic classification In Jenny Mathias and Paul Sidwell eds 2015 The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages Leiden Brill Further reading EditCheeseman Nathaniel Herington Jennifer Sidwell Paul 2013 Bahnaric Bahnaric linguistic bibliography with selected annotations Mon Khmer Studies vol 42 Mahidol University and SIL International Sidwell Paul 2003 A Handbook of comparative Bahnaric Vol 1 West Bahnaric Pacific Linguistics 551 Canberra Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies Australian National University Jacq P amp Sidewell P 2000 A comparative West Bahnaric dictionary Languages of the world 21 Munchen LINCOM Europa ISBN 3 89586 558 3 Sidwell Paul 2002 Genetic Classification of the Bahnaric Languages a comprehensive review Mon Khmer Studies Vol 32 Mahidol University Thailand Sidwell Paul 2000 Proto South Bahnaric a reconstruction of a Mon Khmer language of Indo China Pacific Linguistics 501 Canberra Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies Australian National University ISBN 0 85883 444 8 Smith K D 1972 A phonological reconstruction of Proto North Bahnaric Language data Asian Pacific series no 2 Santa Ana Calif Summer Institute of Linguistics External links EditSEALang SALA provisional classification of Mon Khmer Bahnaric languages 2003 http projekt ht lu se rwaai RWAAI Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage http hdl handle net 10050 00 0000 0000 0003 6711 8 view Bahnaric languages in RWAAI Digital Archive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bahnaric languages amp oldid 1123942117, wikipedia, wiki, 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