Badami Chalukya architecture is a style in Hindu temple architecture that evolved in the 5th – 8th centuries CE in the Malaprabha river basin, in the present-day Bagalkot district of Karnataka state of India, under the Chalukya dynasty; later it spread more widely. This style is sometimes called the Vesara style and Chalukya style, a term that also includes the much later Western Chalukya architecture of the 11th and 12th centuries. Early Chalukya architecture, used by George Michell and others, equates to Badami Chalukya.
The earliest Badami Chalukya temples date back to around 450 in Aihole when the Badami Chalukyas were vassals of the Kadambas of Banavasi. The Early Chalukya style was perfected in Badami and Pattadakal, both in Karnataka.
The unknown architects and artists experimented with different styles, blended the Nagara and Dravidian styles. The style includes two types of monuments: rock cut halls or "cave temples", and "structural" temples, built above ground.
Badami cave temples have rock-cut halls with three basic features: pillared veranda, columned hall and a sanctum cut out deep into rock.
Early experiments in rock-cut halls were attempted in Aihole where they built three cave temples, one each in Vedic, Buddhist and Jaina styles. Later they refined their style and cut out four marvellous cave temples at Badami. One noteworthy feature of these cave temples is the running frieze of Ganas in various amusing postures caved in relief on each plinth.
The outside verandas of the cave temples are rather plain, but the inner hall contains rich and prolific sculptural symbolism. Art critic Dr. M. Sheshadri wrote of the Chalukya art that they cut rock like Titans but finished like jewellers. Critic Zimmer wrote that the Chalukya cave temples are a fine balance of versatility and restrain.
The finest structural temples are located in Pattadakal. Of the ten temples in Pattadakal, six are in Dravidian style and four in Rekhanagara style. The Virupaksha temple in many ways holds resemblance to the Kailasanatha temple in Kanchipuram which came into existence a few years earlier.
This is a fully inclusive temple, it has a central structure, nandi pavilion in front and has a walled enclosure that is entered by a gateway. The main sanctum has a Pradakshinapatha and mantapa. The mantapa is pillared and has perforated windows (pierced window screens). The external wall surface is divided by pilasters into well-spaced ornamental niches filled with either sculptures or perforated windows. Art critic Percy Brown says about the sculptures that they flow into the architecture in a continuous stream. It is said that the Virupaskha temple is one of those monuments where the spirit of the men who built it, still lives.
Many centuries later, the serene art of the Badami Chalukya reappeared in the pillared architecture of the Vijayanagar Empire. Their caves include finely engraved sculptures of Harihara, Trivikrama, Mahisa Mardhini, Tandavamurthi, Paravasudeva, Nataraja, Varaha, Gomateshvara and others. Plenty of animal and foliage motifs are also included.
Some important sculptors of their time were Gundan Anivaritachari, Revadi Ovajja and Narasobba.
Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1955). A History of South India, From Prehistoric times to fall of Vijayanagar, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002).
Dr. Suryanath U. Kamat (2001). Concise History of Karnataka, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002).
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Architecture of the Chalukya Empire.
Official site of Bagalkot District
Karnataka Tourism Guide
Tourism of India
Temples of Karnataka, Dr. Jyotsna Kamat
January 10, 2023
badami, chalukya, architecture, style, hindu, temple, architecture, that, evolved, centuries, malaprabha, river, basin, present, bagalkot, district, karnataka, state, india, under, chalukya, dynasty, later, spread, more, widely, this, style, sometimes, called,. Badami Chalukya architecture is a style in Hindu temple architecture that evolved in the 5th 8th centuries CE in the Malaprabha river basin in the present day Bagalkot district of Karnataka state of India under the Chalukya dynasty later it spread more widely This style is sometimes called the Vesara style and Chalukya style a term that also includes the much later Western Chalukya architecture of the 11th and 12th centuries Early Chalukya architecture used by George Michell and others equates to Badami Chalukya Sangameshvara temple Pattadakal built in 725 The earliest Badami Chalukya temples date back to around 450 in Aihole when the Badami Chalukyas were vassals of the Kadambas of Banavasi The Early Chalukya style was perfected in Badami and Pattadakal both in Karnataka The unknown architects and artists experimented with different styles blended the Nagara and Dravidian styles The style includes two types of monuments rock cut halls or cave temples and structural temples built above ground Contents 1 Badami cave temples 1 1 Important Badami Chalukya temples 2 References 3 Notes 4 External linksBadami cave temples Edit Cave temple at Badami Karnataka Bhutanatha temple complex Badami cave temples have rock cut halls with three basic features pillared veranda columned hall and a sanctum cut out deep into rock Early experiments in rock cut halls were attempted in Aihole where they built three cave temples one each in Vedic Buddhist and Jaina styles Later they refined their style and cut out four marvellous cave temples at Badami One noteworthy feature of these cave temples is the running frieze of Ganas in various amusing postures caved in relief on each plinth The outside verandas of the cave temples are rather plain but the inner hall contains rich and prolific sculptural symbolism Art critic Dr M Sheshadri wrote of the Chalukya art that they cut rock like Titans but finished like jewellers Critic Zimmer wrote that the Chalukya cave temples are a fine balance of versatility and restrain The finest structural temples are located in Pattadakal Of the ten temples in Pattadakal six are in Dravidian style and four in Rekhanagara style The Virupaksha temple in many ways holds resemblance to the Kailasanatha temple in Kanchipuram which came into existence a few years earlier This is a fully inclusive temple it has a central structure nandi pavilion in front and has a walled enclosure that is entered by a gateway The main sanctum has a Pradakshinapatha and mantapa The mantapa is pillared and has perforated windows pierced window screens The external wall surface is divided by pilasters into well spaced ornamental niches filled with either sculptures or perforated windows Art critic Percy Brown says about the sculptures that they flow into the architecture in a continuous stream It is said that the Virupaskha temple is one of those monuments where the spirit of the men who built it still lives Many centuries later the serene art of the Badami Chalukya reappeared in the pillared architecture of the Vijayanagar Empire Their caves include finely engraved sculptures of Harihara Trivikrama Mahisa Mardhini Tandavamurthi Paravasudeva Nataraja Varaha Gomateshvara and others Plenty of animal and foliage motifs are also included Some important sculptors of their time were Gundan Anivaritachari Revadi Ovajja and Narasobba Important Badami Chalukya temples Edit Virupaksha temple at Pattadakal Ravana Phadi cave Aihole Pattadakal Virupaksha Temple Sangameswarar Temple Kashivisvanatha Temple Rashtrakuta Mallikarjuna Temple Galganatha Temple Kadasiddeshvara Temple Jambulinga Temple Jain Narayana Temple Rashtrakuta Papanatha Temple Museum of the Plains and Sculpture gallery Naganatha Temple Chandrashekara Mahakuteshwara Temple Sun Temple Jain tirthankara Parshvanath cave No 4 Badami cave temples Aihole Lad Khan Temple Huchiappayyagudi Temple Huchiappayya math Durga Temple Meguti Jain Temple Ravanaphadi Temple Gowda Temple Museum amp Art Gallery Suryanarayana TempleBadami Cave 1 Shiva Cave 2 Vishnu as Trivikrama or Vamana Varaha and Krishna Cave 3 Vishnu as Narasimha Varaha Harihara and Trivikrama Cave 4 Jain Tirthankara Parsvanatha Bhutanatha group of temples Badami and Kalyani Chalukya Gerusoppa Vardhamanaswamy TempleSanduru Parvati templeAlampur Andhra Pradesh Navabrahma temples Kudavelly Sangameshwara TempleReferences EditNotes EditNilakanta Sastri K A 1955 A History of South India From Prehistoric times to fall of Vijayanagar OUP New Delhi Reprinted 2002 Dr Suryanath U Kamat 2001 Concise History of Karnataka MCC Bangalore Reprinted 2002 History Of Karnataka Mr Arthikaje c 1998 00 OurKarnataka comExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Architecture of the Chalukya Empire Official site of Bagalkot District Karnataka Tourism Guide Karnataka Hotels Tourism of India Temples of Karnataka Dr Jyotsna Kamat Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Badami Chalukya architecture amp oldid 1109750586, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
