Concerto for two harpsichords in C minor, BWV 1060
April 12, 2024
The concerto for two harpsichords in C minor, BWV 1060, is a concerto for two harpsichords and string orchestra by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is likely to have originated in the second half of the 1730s as an arrangement of an earlier concerto, also in C minor, for oboe and violin. That conjectural original version of the concerto, which may have been composed in Bach's Köthen years (1717–1723), is lost, but has been reconstructed in several versions known as BWV 1060R.
Title page of the 1886 volume of Vierteljahrsschrift für Musikwissenschaft, in which Woldemar Voigt argued that the model for Bach's concerto for two harpsichords in C minor, BWV 1060, would have been a lost concerto for oboe and violin.[1]
While the extant 18th-century manuscripts present the concerto in a form for two harpsichords and strings, the assumption that it originated as concerto for violin and oboe has become widely accepted since the late 19th century.[2][3][4] The precise date for this earlier concerto is unknown, but it is believed to have been in existence from the early 1720s.[5] The version for two harpsichords likely originated in or around 1736.[6] A broader estimate for the time of origin of the version for two harpsichords is 1735–1740.[7]
Structureedit
1. Allegro
2. Adagio
3. Allegro
The concerto is scored for two harpsichords (cembalo concertato I and II), two violin parts (violin I and II), viola and basso continuo.[4] The difference in texture and figuration of both solo instruments is clearest in the outer Allegro movements.[1][3] In these movements, the melody lines of the cembalo II part are generally more lyrical and less agile than those of the cembalo I part.[1][3] The Adagio middle movement, where the melody lines of both solo instruments imitate one another without distinction in texture and figuration, has been likened to the middle movement of Bach's double violin concerto, BWV 1043.[1][7][8]
The theme with which the first Allegro movement opens is transformed in various ways, returning in its original form only at the end of the movement.[7][8]
Second movement: Adagioedit
Concerto for oboe and violin, BWV 1060R
2. Adagio
Performed by the University of Washington Sinfonietta, conducted by Vilem Sokol, with Laila Storch (oboe) and Martin Friedmann (violin)
The Adagio middle movement has a cantabile melody which is treated imitatively by both solo instruments, accompanied by the string orchestra.[7][8] 18th-century manuscripts contain two versions for the accompaniment: in one version the string instruments play with bows (arco), in the other pizzicato.[7][9]
Third movement: Allegroedit
The ritornello of the last movement has an up-tempo bourrée-like theme, on which also the episodes for the soloists are almost entirely based.[7][8]
In the 1874 preface to the Bach Gesellschaft edition of the concerto for two harpsichords, Wilhelm Rust had suggested that the original version of the concerto would have been for two violins.[1][15][16] In 1886 Woldemar Voigt wrote that the original instrument for the part of the second harpsichord was more likely an oboe, and that the original of the concerto could almost certainly be identified with a lost concerto for oboe and violin mentioned in a 1764 Breitkopf catalogue.[1][15][17][7]
Reconstructed versionsedit
Concerto for two violins, BWV 1060R, performed by the Advent Chamber Orchestra with David Perry and Roxana Pavel Goldstein (violins)
Max Schneider's reconstruction as a concerto for two violins in D minor was performed in 1920 at the Leipzig Bach Festival.[15] According to Max Seiffert it makes more sense to keep the same key as the keyboard version, that is C minor, when reconstructing the concerto for violin and oboe soloists.[15]
In his preface to the 1990 second edition of the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (BWV), Wolfgang Schmieder proposed to add a capital "R" to a BWV number to indicate a reconstructed version of a composition that is only extant in a later version, hence a reconstruction of a conjectured earlier version of the BWV 1060 concerto can be indicated as BWV 1060R.[2][18] Schmieder used the 1060R catalogue number for a reconstruction in C minor, for oboe and violin soloists, in the 1990 version of the BWV.[19]
Published reconstructions:
Seiffert, Max, ed. (1920). Konzert C moll für Violine und Oboe oder für zwei Violinen mit Klavierbegleitung von J. S. Bach. C. F. Peters. OCLC 760029773.
Schneider, Max [in German], ed. (1924). Joh. Seb. Bach: Konzert in D moll für Violine, Oboe oder für zwei Violinen und Streichorchester aus der Fassung für zwei Klaviere und Streichorchester C moll zurückübertragen. Breitkopf & Härtel. OCLC 22853563.
Fischer, Wilfried, ed. (1970). "Konzert für Oboe und Violine c-moll, Rekonstrunktion nach dem Konzert für 2 Cembali BWV 1060". Lost Solo Concertos in Reconstructions. Johann Sebastian Bach: New Edition of the Complete Works. Vol. Series VII: Orchestral Works, Vol. 7. Bärenreiter. ISMN 9790006462094.
Recordingsedit
On CD recordings, BWV 1060R is often combined with Bach's violin concertos BWV 1041–1043.[20]
The slow movement of Karl Richter's recording, with Hedwig Bilgram and the Münchener Bach-Orchester, also features in the soundtrack of Stanley Kubrick's Barry Lyndon (1975).[26]
Bach, Johann Sebastian (1848). Griepenkerl, Friedrich Konrad [in German] (ed.). Concert (en Ut mineur) pour deux clavecins avec deux violons, viola et basse. Compositions pour le piano-forte sans et avec accompagnement par Jean Sébastien Bach: Edition nouvelle, soigneusement revue, corrigée, métronomisée et doigtée; enrichie de notes sur l'exécution et accompagnée d'une préface – Oeuvres complettes. Vol. 13. Leipzig: C. F. Peters. hdl:2027/mdp.39015007904116.
Schneider, Max [in German] (1907). "Verzeichnis der bis zum Jahre 1851 gedruckten (und der geschrieben im Handel gewesenen) Werke von Johann Sebastian Bach". Bach-Jahrbuch 1906. Bach-Jahrbuch (in German). Breitkopf & Härtel. pp. 84–113.
Seiffert, Max (1920). "Preface". Konzert C moll für Violine und Oboe oder für zwei Violinen mit Klavierbegleitung von J.S. Bach. Edition Peters. hdl:2027/pst.000056850000.
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The concerto for two harpsichords in C minor BWV 1060 is a concerto for two harpsichords and string orchestra by Johann Sebastian Bach It is likely to have originated in the second half of the 1730s as an arrangement of an earlier concerto also in C minor for oboe and violin That conjectural original version of the concerto which may have been composed in Bach s Kothen years 1717 1723 is lost but has been reconstructed in several versions known as BWV 1060R Title page of the 1886 volume of Vierteljahrsschrift fur Musikwissenschaft in which Woldemar Voigt argued that the model for Bach s concerto for two harpsichords in C minor BWV 1060 would have been a lost concerto for oboe and violin 1 Contents 1 History 2 Structure 2 1 First movement Allegro 2 2 Second movement Adagio 2 3 Third movement Allegro 3 Reception 3 1 Reconstructed versions 3 2 Recordings 4 References 5 Sources 6 External linksHistory editSee also Keyboard concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach History While the extant 18th century manuscripts present the concerto in a form for two harpsichords and strings the assumption that it originated as concerto for violin and oboe has become widely accepted since the late 19th century 2 3 4 The precise date for this earlier concerto is unknown but it is believed to have been in existence from the early 1720s 5 The version for two harpsichords likely originated in or around 1736 6 A broader estimate for the time of origin of the version for two harpsichords is 1735 1740 7 Structure edit nbsp 1 Allegro 2 Adagio 3 AllegroThe concerto is scored for two harpsichords cembalo concertato I and II two violin parts violin I and II viola and basso continuo 4 The difference in texture and figuration of both solo instruments is clearest in the outer Allegro movements 1 3 In these movements the melody lines of the cembalo II part are generally more lyrical and less agile than those of the cembalo I part 1 3 The Adagio middle movement where the melody lines of both solo instruments imitate one another without distinction in texture and figuration has been likened to the middle movement of Bach s double violin concerto BWV 1043 1 7 8 Length c 14 minutes for the recording in Reconstructed versions First movement Allegro edit The theme with which the first Allegro movement opens is transformed in various ways returning in its original form only at the end of the movement 7 8 Second movement Adagio edit nbsp Concerto for oboe and violin BWV 1060R 2 Adagio source source Performed by the University of Washington Sinfonietta conducted by Vilem Sokol with Laila Storch oboe and Martin Friedmann violin Problems playing this file See media help The Adagio middle movement has a cantabile melody which is treated imitatively by both solo instruments accompanied by the string orchestra 7 8 18th century manuscripts contain two versions for the accompaniment in one version the string instruments play with bows arco in the other pizzicato 7 9 Third movement Allegro edit The ritornello of the last movement has an up tempo bourree like theme on which also the episodes for the soloists are almost entirely based 7 8 Reception edit nbsp First page of music examples in Forkel s 1802 biography of Johann Sebastian Bach the incipit of BWV 1060 is Fig 11 on this page 10 In his early 19th century Bach biography Johann Nikolaus Forkel described the concerto as very old with which he probably meant he found its style antiquated 10 11 12 The concerto was published in 1848 edited by Friedrich Konrad Griepenkerl 13 14 In the 1874 preface to the Bach Gesellschaft edition of the concerto for two harpsichords Wilhelm Rust had suggested that the original version of the concerto would have been for two violins 1 15 16 In 1886 Woldemar Voigt wrote that the original instrument for the part of the second harpsichord was more likely an oboe and that the original of the concerto could almost certainly be identified with a lost concerto for oboe and violin mentioned in a 1764 Breitkopf catalogue 1 15 17 7 Reconstructed versions edit nbsp Concerto for two violins BWV 1060R performed by the Advent Chamber Orchestra with David Perry and Roxana Pavel Goldstein violins 1 Allegro source source 2 Adagio source source 3 Allegro source source Problems playing these files See media help Max Schneider s reconstruction as a concerto for two violins in D minor was performed in 1920 at the Leipzig Bach Festival 15 According to Max Seiffert it makes more sense to keep the same key as the keyboard version that is C minor when reconstructing the concerto for violin and oboe soloists 15 In his preface to the 1990 second edition of the Bach Werke Verzeichnis BWV Wolfgang Schmieder proposed to add a capital R to a BWV number to indicate a reconstructed version of a composition that is only extant in a later version hence a reconstruction of a conjectured earlier version of the BWV 1060 concerto can be indicated as BWV 1060R 2 18 Schmieder used the 1060R catalogue number for a reconstruction in C minor for oboe and violin soloists in the 1990 version of the BWV 19 Published reconstructions Seiffert Max ed 1920 Konzert C moll fur Violine und Oboe oder fur zwei Violinen mit Klavierbegleitung von J S Bach C F Peters OCLC 760029773 Schneider Max in German ed 1924 Joh Seb Bach Konzert in D moll fur Violine Oboe oder fur zwei Violinen und Streichorchester aus der Fassung fur zwei Klaviere und Streichorchester C moll zuruckubertragen Breitkopf amp Hartel OCLC 22853563 Fischer Wilfried ed 1970 Konzert fur Oboe und Violine c moll Rekonstrunktion nach dem Konzert fur 2 Cembali BWV 1060 Lost Solo Concertos in Reconstructions Johann Sebastian Bach New Edition of the Complete Works Vol Series VII Orchestral Works Vol 7 Barenreiter ISMN 9790006462094 Recordings edit On CD recordings BWV 1060R is often combined with Bach s violin concertos BWV 1041 1043 20 Recordings of BWV 1060 R Yr Sol k Performers Issued1950 Ob Vn c R Tabuteau Stern Prades Festival Orchestra Casals Sony SMK 589821956 2Pno c Appleton Field Castle Hill Festival Orchestra Brief CMD 318 21 1958 2Hps c Dart Vaughan Philomusica of London OL 50165 22 1960 2Hps c Veyron Lacroix Beckensteiner Orchestre de chambre J F Paillard Paillard Erato LDE3124 23 1962 Ob Vn d R Goossens Menuhin Bath Festival Orchestra Menuhin EMI 25366421962 2Hps c Leonhardt Muller de Leonhardt Consort Teldec 6 350491963 Ob Vn d R Shann fr Buchner fr Munchener Bach Orchester Richter Archiv 198 3212Hps c Richter Bilgram Munchener Bach Orchester1967 2Pno c Casadesus R amp G Zurich Chamber Orchestra de Stoutz CBS 61 1401970 Ob Vn d R Holliger Grumiaux New Philharmonia Orchestra de Waart Philips 420 700 21982 Ob Vn c R Killmer Zukerman Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra Zukerman CBS MK372781985 2Pno c Eschenbach Frantz Hamburger Philharmoniker DG 415 655 21985 Ob Vn c R Boyd Accardo Chamber Orchestra of Europe Accardo Philips 416 414 11988 Ob Vn d R Black Zimmermann English Chamber Orchestra Tate EMI CDC 74986221989 2Pno c A Pekinel sisters James CBS MK455791989 Ob Vn c R Goodwin Wallfisch The King s Consort King Hyperion CDH55347 24 1992 2Hps c Schornsheim Thalheim de Neues Bachisches Collegium Musicum Glaetzner Brilliant 99360 71996 2Vn d R Manze Podger Academy of Ancient Music HMU 9071551998 2Pno c A Pekinel sisters Jacques Loussier Trio Teldec 8573 80823 22000 Ob Vn d R Goritzki Poppen Bach Collegium Stuttgart Rilling HC 92 1312000 Ob Vn d R Kreeft Heberlin Netherlands Bach Ensemble Koetsveld Brilliant 99360 92000 Ob Vn d R Mayer Kennedy Berliner Philharmoniker EMI 62905722003 2Pno c Pekinel sisters Zurich Chamber Orchestra Griffiths Warner 2564 61950 22004 Ob Vn c R Loffler Seiler Akademie fur Alte Musik Berlin Mai HMC 9018762008 Ob Vn c R Rubtsov Fischer Academy of St Martin in the Fields Decca 478 06502010 Tr Vn c A Boldoczki Barati Franz Liszt Chamber Orchestra Sony 886977241822011 Ob Vn c R Abberger Lamon Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra Lamon AN 298782011 Ob Vn c R Torunczyk Kraemer de Concerto Copenhagen Mortensen cpo 777 904 22011 2Hps c Mortensen Pinnock Concerto Copenhagen cpo 777 681 22012 Hps Vn c A Dantone Mullova Accademia Bizantina Onyx 41142013 Ob Vn c R Puskunigis Venslovaite St Christopher Chamber Orchestra Katkus de Brilliant 949912013 Ob Vn c R Ruiz Huggett Portland Baroque Orchestra AV 23242014 Ob Vn c R Leleux Batiashvili Kammerorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks Szulc DG 479 24792014 Ob Vn c R Bernardini A amp C nl Dunedin Consort Butt Hyperion CKD519 25 2015 Ob Vn c R Barocksolisten Munchen Seel HC 160062015 Ob Vn c R Hamann Zukerman National Arts Centre Orchestra Zukerman AN 287832017 2Hps c Hantai Hakkinen Helsinki Baroque Orchestra AE 100872017 2Vn d R Zimmermann F P amp S Berliner Barock Solisten HC 17046The slow movement of Karl Richter s recording with Hedwig Bilgram and the Munchener Bach Orchester also features in the soundtrack of Stanley Kubrick s Barry Lyndon 1975 26 References edit a b c d e f Voigt 1886 a b Butt 1999 a b c Butt 2015 p 5 a b Work 01245 at Bach Digital website Boyd 1993 p p 17 Jones 2013 p 256 a b c d e f g King 1989 p 5 a b c d Butt 2015 p 6 Bach 1848 Griepenkerl s Vorrede Preface a b Forkel 1802 p 58 Spitta 1899 p 144 Forkel 1920 p 131 Bach 1848 Schneider 1907 p 99 a b c d Seiffert 1920 Rust 1874 p V Spitta 1899 p 143 Schmieder 1990 p XXXV Schmieder 1990 pp 771 772 Clements 2015 BnF 37819103d BnF 38625599d BnF 378738394 King 1989 Butt 2015 II 6 Johann Sebastian Bach Adagio from concerto for two harpsichords and orchestra in C minor Music from the soundtrack of Barry Lyndon LP Karl Richter Hedwig Bilgram Munchener Bach Orchester Warner Bros 1975 K 56189 a href Template Cite AV media notes html title Template Cite AV media notes cite AV media notes a CS1 maint others in cite AV media notes link Sources editBach Johann Sebastian 1848 Griepenkerl Friedrich Konrad in German ed Concert en Ut mineur pour deux clavecins avec deux violons viola et basse Compositions pour le piano forte sans et avec accompagnement par Jean Sebastien Bach Edition nouvelle soigneusement revue corrigee metronomisee et doigtee enrichie de notes sur l execution et accompagnee d une preface Oeuvres complettes Vol 13 Leipzig C F Peters hdl 2027 mdp 39015007904116 Boyd Malcolm 1993 Bach The Brandenburg Concertos Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521387132 Butt John 1999 Harpsichord Concertos In Boyd Malcolm Butt John eds J S Bach Oxford Composer Companions Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 866208 2 Butt John 2015 Bach Violin Concertos PDF liner notes Cecilia Bernardini nl Dunedin Consort Hyperion CKD519 Clements Dominy 2015 Johann Sebastian Bach Violin Concertos www musicweb international com Forkel Johann Nikolaus 1802 Ueber Johann Sebastian Bachs Leben Kunst und Kunstwerke Leipzig Hoffmeister und Kuhnel Forkel Johann Nikolaus 1920 Johann Sebastian Bach His Life Art and Work Translated from the German with notes and appendices by Charles Sanford Terry New York Harcourt Brace and Howe Jones Richard D P 2013 Concertos for two harpsichords The Creative Development of Johann Sebastian Bach Music to Delight the Spirit Vol II 1717 1750 Oxford University Press pp 254 257 ISBN 9780199696284 King Robert 1989 Bach Violin Concertos PDF liner notes Catherine Mackintosh Elizabeth Wallfisch Paul Goodwin The King s Consort Hyperion CDH55347 Rust Wilhelm 1874 Vorwort Joh Seb Bach s Kammermusik Funfter Band Drei Concerte fur zwei Claviere mit Orchesterbegleitung Bach Gesellschaft Ausgabe in German Vol 21 2 Breitkopf amp Hartel pp V X Schmieder Wolfgang 1990 Bach Werke Verzeichnis 2nd ed Wiesbaden Breitkopf amp Hartel ISBN 9783765102554 Schneider Max in German 1907 Verzeichnis der bis zum Jahre 1851 gedruckten und der geschrieben im Handel gewesenen Werke von Johann Sebastian Bach Bach Jahrbuch 1906 Bach Jahrbuch in German Breitkopf amp Hartel pp 84 113 Seiffert Max 1920 Preface Konzert C moll fur Violine und Oboe oder fur zwei Violinen mit Klavierbegleitung von J S Bach Edition Peters hdl 2027 pst 000056850000 Spitta Philipp 1899 Johann Sebastian Bach His Work and Influence on the Music of Germany 1685 1750 Vol III Translated by Clara Bell J A Fuller Maitland Novello amp Co Volume III Voigt Woldemar 1886 Chrysander Friedrich Spitta Philipp Adler Guido eds Uber die Originalgestalt von J S Bach s Konzert fur zwei Klaviere in Cmoll Nr 1 Vierteljahrsschrift fur Musikwissenschaft in German II Leipzig Breitkopf amp Hartel 482 487 External links editConcerto for two harpsichords in C minor BWV 1060 Scores at the International Music Score Library Project Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Concerto for two harpsichords in C minor BWV 1060 amp oldid 1217434862, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
