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Augustin Maior

Augustin Maior (22 August 1882 – 3 October 1963) was a Romanian physicist, educator and inventor.

Augustin Maior
Born(1882-08-22)22 August 1882
Died3 October 1963(1963-10-03) (aged 81)
Cluj, Romania
(today Cluj-Napoca, Romania)
NationalityRomanian
CitizenshipHungarian, Romanian
EducationFaculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Polytechnic Institute in Budapest
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
Doctoral studentsHermann Julius Oberth^[1]

Studies edit

Maior was born in Reghin, Transylvania (then Szászrégen, Kingdom of Hungary, part of Austria-Hungary) on 21 August 1882. His parents, Teresa (a well-educated woman) and George (teacher and then director of the Romanian Primary School in Reghin) had five children: Olivia, Augustin, Julius, George and Ana.

Maior's early years of schooling in Reghin were in German: his kindergarten, primary and secondary schooling were at the German Evangelical School. Then he attended the Piarist High School in Marosvásárhely (today Târgu Mureș, Romania) and Catholic High School in Budapest. In addition to a facility for learning foreign languages, he showed promise in physics and mathematics. He passed the Baccalaureate exam in 1900 and then until 1904 he attended the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Polytechnic Institute in Budapest. In 1905 he attended several postgraduate courses at renowned universities in Vienna, Munich and Göttingen, where he met many of the leading scientific personalities of the time, such as David Hilbert, Hermann Minkowski, Felix Klein, Carl David Tolmé Runge, Eduard Riecke, Ludwig Prandtl, Emil Wiechert and the younger physicists such as Max Born, Max von Laue and Peter Debye.

Multiple telephony edit

In November 1905, Maior was employed as an engineer in the Electricity Laboratory of the General Directorate of Posts in Budapest. In 1906 he managed to transmit five calls simultaneously on a single 15-km telephone line, without interference between them. His "Theoretical Foundations of Multiple Telephony" was published in 1907 in the "Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift" and then, in 1914, "The Use of High-Frequency Alternating Currents in Telegraphy, Telephony and for Power Transmission" was published in "The Electrician."

Return to Romania edit

After World War I and the union of Transylvania with Romania, Maior offered his expertise to the Romanian authorities, becoming director general of Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones of Transylvania and Banat. Almost simultaneously, in July 1919, he was appointed professor at the University of Cluj and then director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics and the Faculty of Technology. During 1929-1946 he served as dean of the faculty. He taught physics courses containing many modern ideas such as "Electricity and Magnetism" and "acoustics and optics," for which he published textbooks in various editions.

Maior proved to be a visionary. In 1923 he invited Hermann Oberth to defend his dissertation at the University of Cluj, after it had been rejected by the University of Heidelberg as "too utopian." He put his signature on the diploma of a man who later would be widely recognized as the father of modern interplanetary rocketry.

Distinctions edit

He was elected a member of the Romanian Academy of Sciences on 21 December 1937.[1]

Maior founded the School of Theoretical Physics at the University of Cluj, maintaining permanent contact with the great ideas of that time and making outstanding contributions in the fields under development in Europe. These contributions were fully recognized in 1950, when Nobel laureate Louis de Broglie presented, at the Academy of Paris, a work of Maior called "Gravitational Fields and Magnetism." It was one of the last happy moments of Maior's life, which became increasingly tumultuous after 1947.

In recognition of his contribution to the development of education and research in modern physics, the physics council of the Faculty of the University of Cluj decided in March 1995 to name one of its auditoriums "The Augustin Maior Amphitheatre."

Also as an act of gratitude and respect, at the former "No.5 Reghin school," the school at which he began his education, named their gymnasium on 21 March 1994 "Augustin Maior State Gymnasium."

On 7 July 2004 the Cluj-Napoca City Hall put a memorial plaque on his childhood home, No. 9 Str. Octavian Goga.

The Technical Communications College of Cluj-Napoca also bears his name.

In 2012, Maior was posthumously elected a member of the Romanian Academy.[2]

References edit

  1. ^ (PDF) (in Romanian). p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  2. ^ . Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2015.

External links edit

  • Website of the State Gymnasium Augustin Maior

1: http://www2.rosa.ro/index.php/en/rosa-home/history-menu/126-hermann-oberth

augustin, maior, august, 1882, october, 1963, romanian, physicist, educator, inventor, born, 1882, august, 1882szászrégen, austria, hungary, today, reghin, romania, died3, october, 1963, 1963, aged, cluj, romania, today, cluj, napoca, romania, nationalityroman. Augustin Maior 22 August 1882 3 October 1963 was a Romanian physicist educator and inventor Augustin MaiorBorn 1882 08 22 22 August 1882Szaszregen Austria Hungary today Reghin Romania Died3 October 1963 1963 10 03 aged 81 Cluj Romania today Cluj Napoca Romania NationalityRomanianCitizenshipHungarian RomanianEducationFaculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Polytechnic Institute in BudapestScientific careerFieldsPhysicsDoctoral studentsHermann Julius Oberth 1 Contents 1 Studies 2 Multiple telephony 3 Return to Romania 4 Distinctions 5 References 6 External linksStudies editMaior was born in Reghin Transylvania then Szaszregen Kingdom of Hungary part of Austria Hungary on 21 August 1882 His parents Teresa a well educated woman and George teacher and then director of the Romanian Primary School in Reghin had five children Olivia Augustin Julius George and Ana Maior s early years of schooling in Reghin were in German his kindergarten primary and secondary schooling were at the German Evangelical School Then he attended the Piarist High School in Marosvasarhely today Targu Mureș Romania and Catholic High School in Budapest In addition to a facility for learning foreign languages he showed promise in physics and mathematics He passed the Baccalaureate exam in 1900 and then until 1904 he attended the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Polytechnic Institute in Budapest In 1905 he attended several postgraduate courses at renowned universities in Vienna Munich and Gottingen where he met many of the leading scientific personalities of the time such as David Hilbert Hermann Minkowski Felix Klein Carl David Tolme Runge Eduard Riecke Ludwig Prandtl Emil Wiechert and the younger physicists such as Max Born Max von Laue and Peter Debye Multiple telephony editIn November 1905 Maior was employed as an engineer in the Electricity Laboratory of the General Directorate of Posts in Budapest In 1906 he managed to transmit five calls simultaneously on a single 15 km telephone line without interference between them His Theoretical Foundations of Multiple Telephony was published in 1907 in the Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift and then in 1914 The Use of High Frequency Alternating Currents in Telegraphy Telephony and for Power Transmission was published in The Electrician Return to Romania editAfter World War I and the union of Transylvania with Romania Maior offered his expertise to the Romanian authorities becoming director general of Posts Telegraphs and Telephones of Transylvania and Banat Almost simultaneously in July 1919 he was appointed professor at the University of Cluj and then director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics and the Faculty of Technology During 1929 1946 he served as dean of the faculty He taught physics courses containing many modern ideas such as Electricity and Magnetism and acoustics and optics for which he published textbooks in various editions Maior proved to be a visionary In 1923 he invited Hermann Oberth to defend his dissertation at the University of Cluj after it had been rejected by the University of Heidelberg as too utopian He put his signature on the diploma of a man who later would be widely recognized as the father of modern interplanetary rocketry Distinctions editHe was elected a member of the Romanian Academy of Sciences on 21 December 1937 1 Maior founded the School of Theoretical Physics at the University of Cluj maintaining permanent contact with the great ideas of that time and making outstanding contributions in the fields under development in Europe These contributions were fully recognized in 1950 when Nobel laureate Louis de Broglie presented at the Academy of Paris a work of Maior called Gravitational Fields and Magnetism It was one of the last happy moments of Maior s life which became increasingly tumultuous after 1947 In recognition of his contribution to the development of education and research in modern physics the physics council of the Faculty of the University of Cluj decided in March 1995 to name one of its auditoriums The Augustin Maior Amphitheatre Also as an act of gratitude and respect at the former No 5 Reghin school the school at which he began his education named their gymnasium on 21 March 1994 Augustin Maior State Gymnasium On 7 July 2004 the Cluj Napoca City Hall put a memorial plaque on his childhood home No 9 Str Octavian Goga The Technical Communications College of Cluj Napoca also bears his name In 2012 Maior was posthumously elected a member of the Romanian Academy 2 References edit List of members of the Academy of Sciences of Romania ASR 1936 1948 PDF in Romanian p 2 Archived from the original PDF on 23 September 2015 Retrieved 18 September 2015 List of posthumously elected Members of the Romanian Academy Archived from the original on 1 July 2017 Retrieved 18 September 2015 External links editWebsite of the State Gymnasium Augustin Maior1 http www2 rosa ro index php en rosa home history menu 126 hermann oberth Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Augustin Maior amp oldid 1175651540, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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