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August W. Eichler

January 06, 2023

August Wilhelm Eichler, also known under his Latinized name, Augustus Guilielmus Eichler (22 April 1839 – 2 March 1887), was a German botanist who developed a new system of classification of plants to reflect the concept of evolution. His author abbreviation in botany is Eichler.

August Wilhelm Eichler
A. W. Eichler
Born22 April 1839 (1839-04-22)
Neukirchen, Hesse
Died2 March 1887 (1887-03-03) (aged 47)
Berlin
NationalityGerman
Scientific career
FieldsBotany, Plant taxonomy
Author abbrev. (botany)Eichler

Biography

Born in Neukirchen, Hesse, Eichler studied at the University of Marburg, Germany, and in 1871 became Professor of Botany at Technische Hochschule (Technical University) of Graz and director of the botanical garden in that city.[1] In 1872 he received an appointment at the University of Kiel, where he remained until 1878 when he became director of the herbarium at the University of Berlin. He died in Berlin on March 2, 1887, of leukaemia.

Eichler made important contributions to the study of the comparative structure of flowers (mainly on floral symmetry in his work Blütendiagramme). He wrote extensively on the Coniferae, Cycadaceae and other plant groups of Brazil.[2]

Eichler System

The Eichler System divided the plant kingdom into non-floral plants (Cryptogamae) and floral plants (Phanerogamae). It was the first to accept the concept of evolution and therefore also the first to be considered phylogenetic.[3] Moreover, Eichler was the first taxonomist to separate the Phanerogamae into Angiosperms and Gymnosperms and the former into Monocotyledonae and Dicotyledonae.[4]

The Eichler system was the foundation for Adolf Engler's System and was widely accepted in Europe and other parts of the world.

Works

  • Eichler, August W. (1875). Blüthendiagramme: construirt und erläutert. 2 vols [Floral diagrams]. Leipzig: W. Engelmann. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
    • Volume I: 1875
    • Volume II: 1878
  • Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel 1876.
    • Subsequent editions published as Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik, 2nd ed. 1880, 3rd ed. 1883, 4th ed. 1886, 5th 1890
      • Eichler, August W. (1880) [1876]. Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik (2nd ed.). Berlin: Borntraeger.
      • Eichler, August W. (1883) [1876]. Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik (3rd ed.). Berlin: Borntraeger.
      • Eichler, August W. (1886) [1876]. Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik (4th ed.). Berlin: Borntraeger.
      • Eichler, August W. (1890) [1876]. Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik (5th ed.). Berlin: Borntraeger.
  • Flora Brasiliensis (Flora of Brazil) editor after death of Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in 1868 until 1887, succeeded by Ignatz Urban (Available online at Botanicus.org Website)
  • Beiträge zur Morphologie und Systematik der Marantaceen (1884)
  • Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Palmenblätter (1885)
  • Caroli Frid. Phil. Martii Flora Brasiliensis, sive
  • Flora Brasiliensis, enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia hactenus detectarum :quas suis aliorumque botanicorum studiis descriptas et methodo naturali digestas partim icone illustratas /ediderunt Carolus Fridericus Philippus de Martius et Augustus Guilielmus Eichler ; iisque defunctis successor Ignatius Urban ; with Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp von, 1794-1868, Endlicher, István László, 1804-1849, Fenzl, Eduard, 1808-1879, Mary, Benj, Oldenburg, R.Urban and Ignaz, 1848-

See also

The standard author abbreviation Eichler is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[1]

Notes

  1. ^ Aaron Goldberg (1986). "Classification, Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Dicotyledons". Smithsonian Contributions to Botany. 58: 1–314.
  2. ^ G. H. M. Lawrence (1951). Taxonomy of vascular plants.
  3. ^ Author Details: Eichler, August Wilhelm (1839-1887). International Plant Names Index.
  4. ^ Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Eichler, August Wilhelm" . Encyclopedia Americana.

Bibliography

  • August Wilhelm Eichler. Encyclopædia Britannica
  • August Wilhelm Eichler. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Vol. 23, No. 2 (May, 1887 - May, 1888), pp. 355-356 Obituary
  • History of Taxonomy: 1875-1926
  • Annals of Botany 1887 Biography and list of publications
  • Stuessy, Tod F. (2009). Plant taxonomy: the systematic evaluation of comparative data (2nd ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231518642. Retrieved 5 May 2015.

External links

  • Flora Brasiliensis On-Line. In Portuguese and English (launch date 22 March 2006).
  • View digitized titles by August Wilhelm Eichler in Botanicus.org
 
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Eichler, August Wilhelm
  1. ^ International Plant Names Index.  Eichler.

January 06, 2023
august, eichler, august, wilhelm, eichler, also, known, under, latinized, name, augustus, guilielmus, eichler, april, 1839, march, 1887, german, botanist, developed, system, classification, plants, reflect, concept, evolution, author, abbreviation, botany, eic. August Wilhelm Eichler also known under his Latinized name Augustus Guilielmus Eichler 22 April 1839 2 March 1887 was a German botanist who developed a new system of classification of plants to reflect the concept of evolution His author abbreviation in botany is Eichler August Wilhelm EichlerA W EichlerBorn22 April 1839 1839 04 22 Neukirchen HesseDied2 March 1887 1887 03 03 aged 47 BerlinNationalityGermanScientific careerFieldsBotany Plant taxonomyAuthor abbrev botany Eichler Contents 1 Biography 2 Eichler System 3 Works 4 See also 5 Notes 6 Bibliography 7 External linksBiography EditBorn in Neukirchen Hesse Eichler studied at the University of Marburg Germany and in 1871 became Professor of Botany at Technische Hochschule Technical University of Graz and director of the botanical garden in that city 1 In 1872 he received an appointment at the University of Kiel where he remained until 1878 when he became director of the herbarium at the University of Berlin He died in Berlin on March 2 1887 of leukaemia Eichler made important contributions to the study of the comparative structure of flowers mainly on floral symmetry in his work Blutendiagramme He wrote extensively on the Coniferae Cycadaceae and other plant groups of Brazil 2 Eichler System EditThe Eichler System divided the plant kingdom into non floral plants Cryptogamae and floral plants Phanerogamae It was the first to accept the concept of evolution and therefore also the first to be considered phylogenetic 3 Moreover Eichler was the first taxonomist to separate the Phanerogamae into Angiosperms and Gymnosperms and the former into Monocotyledonae and Dicotyledonae 4 The Eichler system was the foundation for Adolf Engler s System and was widely accepted in Europe and other parts of the world Works EditEichler August W 1875 Bluthendiagramme construirt und erlautert 2 vols Floral diagrams Leipzig W Engelmann Retrieved 17 May 2015 Volume I 1875 Volume II 1878 Syllabus der Vorlesungen uber Phanerogamenkunde Lipsius und Tischer Kiel 1876 Subsequent editions published as Syllabus der Vorlesungen uber specielle und medicinisch pharmaceutische Botanik 2nd ed 1880 3rd ed 1883 4th ed 1886 5th 1890 Eichler August W 1880 1876 Syllabus der Vorlesungen uber specielle und medicinisch pharmaceutische Botanik 2nd ed Berlin Borntraeger Eichler August W 1883 1876 Syllabus der Vorlesungen uber specielle und medicinisch pharmaceutische Botanik 3rd ed Berlin Borntraeger Eichler August W 1886 1876 Syllabus der Vorlesungen uber specielle und medicinisch pharmaceutische Botanik 4th ed Berlin Borntraeger Eichler August W 1890 1876 Syllabus der Vorlesungen uber specielle und medicinisch pharmaceutische Botanik 5th ed Berlin Borntraeger Flora Brasiliensis Flora of Brazil editor after death of Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in 1868 until 1887 succeeded by Ignatz Urban Available online at Botanicus org Website Beitrage zur Morphologie und Systematik der Marantaceen 1884 Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Palmenblatter 1885 Caroli Frid Phil Martii Flora Brasiliensis sive Flora Brasiliensis enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia hactenus detectarum quas suis aliorumque botanicorum studiis descriptas et methodo naturali digestas partim icone illustratas ediderunt Carolus Fridericus Philippus de Martius et Augustus Guilielmus Eichler iisque defunctis successor Ignatius Urban with Martius Karl Friedrich Philipp von 1794 1868 Endlicher Istvan Laszlo 1804 1849 Fenzl Eduard 1808 1879 Mary Benj Oldenburg R Urban and Ignaz 1848 See also EditList of plants of Caatinga vegetation of Brazil List of plants of Cerrado vegetation of BrazilThe standard author abbreviation Eichler is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name 1 Notes Edit Aaron Goldberg 1986 Classification Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Dicotyledons Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 58 1 314 G H M Lawrence 1951 Taxonomy of vascular plants Author Details Eichler August Wilhelm 1839 1887 International Plant Names Index Rines George Edwin ed 1920 Eichler August Wilhelm Encyclopedia Americana Bibliography EditAugust Wilhelm Eichler Encyclopaedia Britannica August Wilhelm Eichler Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Vol 23 No 2 May 1887 May 1888 pp 355 356 Obituary History of Taxonomy 1875 1926 Annals of Botany 1887 Biography and list of publications Stuessy Tod F 2009 Plant taxonomy the systematic evaluation of comparative data 2nd ed New York Columbia University Press ISBN 9780231518642 Retrieved 5 May 2015 External links EditFlora Brasiliensis On Line In Portuguese and English launch date 22 March 2006 View digitized titles by August Wilhelm Eichler in Botanicus org Wikisource has original text related to this article The Encyclopedia Americana 1920 Eichler August Wilhelm International Plant Names Index Eichler Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title August W Eichler amp oldid 1068030299, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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