As such, many of the county magistrate's usual duties and powers were subordinated to the prefectural administration and he was subject to much closer supervision than usual. Although an attached county was given first rank among the divisions of a prefecture and known as the "head county",[5] the position was avoided by most scholar-bureaucrats. A Qing proverb held that, "If you had done something bad in your previous incarnation, you would be an average magistrate now; if you had done something worse, you would be a magistrate of a prefectural attached county; but if you had done something worst, you would be a magistrate of a provincial attached county" ("前生不善，今生知縣；前生作惡，知縣附郭；惡貫滿盈，附郭省城").[6]
Since the Yuan dynasty, some zhou (smaller prefectures) began to be compact to dissolve their attached counties, thus they had direct authority over their walled cities along with environs (namely, zhou proper), rather than via any county. Since the Ming dynasty, all the attached counties of zhou (subprefectures) were eliminated.[5][7]
Under the Ming and Qing, it was standard for every prefecture to have an attached county with a limited role within and around the prefectural capital.[5]
There were, generally, multiple attached counties in larger prefectures: three and four in one instance, respectively (Suzhou in Qing, since 1724: Wu, Changzhou and Yuanhe; Jingzhao in Tang, since the late 660s: Chang'an, Wannian, Qianfeng, and Mingtang), two in all others. In such cases, their boundary ran through the walled city, and their owned yamen were sited in the appropriate sectors.[5][8]
Li Shizhen (2017), Hua Linfu; et al. (eds.), Ben Cao Gang Mu Dictionary, Vol. II: Geographical and Administrative Designations, Oakland: University of California Press, ISBN9780520291966.
Hua, Linfu; Buell, Paul D. (2016). Dictionary of the Ben Cao Gang Mu, Volume 2: Geographical and Administrative Designations. Univ of California Press. ISBN978-0-520-29196-6.
Wang, Chao; et al. (2012), "An Ontology-Based Fuzzy Matching Approach to Semantic Retrieval of Historical Place Names", The Outreach of Digital Libraries: A Globalized Resource Network..., Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 19–28, ISBN9783642347528.
Zhao, Yicai (2019), "Historical Reference and Optimization Reform of the Spatial Subordination Relationship of City and County in China", Geographical Research, vol. 38, pp. 2058–2067.
Zhao, Yicai (2022), "Two Special Forms of Attached Counties in [the] Traditional Chinese System", Journal of Literature, History, & Philosophy, pp. 44–58.
January 01, 1970
attached, county, attached, county, satellite, county, sometimes, left, untranslated, chinese, name, fuguoxian, kind, historical, tertiary, administrative, division, late, imperial, china, xian, generally, translated, this, period, county, english, based, with. An attached county 1 2 or satellite county 3 sometimes left untranslated in its Chinese name as a fuguoxian 4 was a kind of historical tertiary administrative division in late Imperial China It was a xian generally translated for this period as county in English based within the capital of a fu generally translated for this period as prefecture Attached countyTraditional Chinese附郭縣Simplified Chinese附郭县Literal meaningcounty attached to a city wallTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinfuguōxianWade Gilesfu kuo hsienfu kou hsienAlternative Chinese nameTraditional Chinese倚郭縣Simplified Chinese倚郭县Literal meaningcounty leaning against a city wallTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinyǐguōxianWade Gilesi kuo hsieni kuo hsien As such many of the county magistrate s usual duties and powers were subordinated to the prefectural administration and he was subject to much closer supervision than usual Although an attached county was given first rank among the divisions of a prefecture and known as the head county 5 the position was avoided by most scholar bureaucrats A Qing proverb held that If you had done something bad in your previous incarnation you would be an average magistrate now if you had done something worse you would be a magistrate of a prefectural attached county but if you had done something worst you would be a magistrate of a provincial attached county 前生不善 今生知縣 前生作惡 知縣附郭 惡貫滿盈 附郭省城 6 Contents 1 History 2 References 2 1 Citations 2 2 BibliographyHistory editSince the Yuan dynasty some zhou smaller prefectures began to be compact to dissolve their attached counties thus they had direct authority over their walled cities along with environs namely zhou proper rather than via any county Since the Ming dynasty all the attached counties of zhou subprefectures were eliminated 5 7 Under the Ming and Qing it was standard for every prefecture to have an attached county with a limited role within and around the prefectural capital 5 There were generally multiple attached counties in larger prefectures three and four in one instance respectively Suzhou in Qing since 1724 Wu Changzhou and Yuanhe Jingzhao in Tang since the late 660s Chang an Wannian Qianfeng and Mingtang two in all others In such cases their boundary ran through the walled city and their owned yamen were sited in the appropriate sectors 5 8 Some attached counties are reserved so far However with urbanization many of them have been merged 8 similar to the consolidated city county in the US References editCitations edit Zhao 2019 p 2058 Zhao 2022 p 44 Hua amp Buell 2016 p 330 Wang et al 2012 p 24 a b c d Skinner William 1977 The City in Late Imperial China ISBN 9780804708920 Liang Zhangju 1981 歸田瑣記 Zhonghua Book Company pp 136 7 ISBN 9787101017465 Zhou Zhenhe 2005 中国地方行政制度史 Shanghai People s Publishing House p 206 ISBN 9787208056541 a b Zhao Yicai 附郭县两千余年的历史变迁 ex cssn cn Retrieved 2018 06 22 Bibliography edit Li Shizhen 2017 Hua Linfu et al eds Ben Cao Gang Mu Dictionary Vol II Geographical and Administrative Designations Oakland University of California Press ISBN 9780520291966 Hua Linfu Buell Paul D 2016 Dictionary of the Ben Cao Gang Mu Volume 2 Geographical and Administrative Designations Univ of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 29196 6 Wang Chao et al 2012 An Ontology Based Fuzzy Matching Approach to Semantic Retrieval of Historical Place Names The Outreach of Digital Libraries A Globalized Resource Network Heidelberg Springer pp 19 28 ISBN 9783642347528 Zhao Yicai 2019 Historical Reference and Optimization Reform of the Spatial Subordination Relationship of City and County in China Geographical Research vol 38 pp 2058 2067 Zhao Yicai 2022 Two Special Forms of Attached Counties in the Traditional Chinese System Journal of Literature History amp Philosophy pp 44 58 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Attached county amp oldid 1144399120, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
