The Athlon 64 X2 is the first native dual-coredesktopcentral processing unit (CPU) designed by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). It was designed from scratch as native dual-core by using an already multi-CPU enabled Athlon 64, joining it with another functional core on one die, and connecting both via a shared dual-channel memory controller/north bridge and additional control logic. The initial versions are based on the E stepping model of the Athlon 64 and, depending on the model, have either 512 or 1024 KB of L2 cache per core. The Athlon 64 X2 can decode instructions for Streaming SIMD Extensions 3 (SSE3), except those few specific to Intel's architecture. The first Athlon 64 X2 CPUs were released in May 2005, in the same month as Intel's first dual-core processor, the Pentium D.
In June 2007, AMD released low-voltage variants of their low-end 65 nm Athlon 64 X2, named "Athlon X2".[1] The Athlon X2 processors feature reduced thermal design power (TDP) of 45 Watt (W).[2] The name was also used for K10 based budget CPUs with two cores deactivated.
The primary benefit of dual-core processors (like the Athlon 64 X2) over single-core processors is their ability to process more softwarethreads at the same time. The ability of processors to execute multiple threads simultaneously is called thread-level parallelism (TLP). By placing two cores on the same die, the X2 effectively doubles the TLP over a single-core Athlon 64 of the same speed. The need for TLP processing ability depends on the situation to a great degree, and some situations benefit from it far more than others. Some programs are currently written for only one thread, and thus cannot use the processing power of a second core.
Programs often written with multiple threads and able to use two cores include many music and video encoding applications, and especially professional rendering programs. High TLP applications currently correspond to server and workstation situations more than the typical desktop. These applications can reach almost twice the performance of a single-core Athlon 64 of the same specifications. Multitasking also runs a sizable number of threads. Intense multitasking processes have sped up by considerably more than twice.[3] This is mostly due to the high overhead caused by constantly switching threads, and could potentially be improved by adjustments to operating systemscheduling code.
In the consumer segment of the market, the X2 improves on the performance of the original Athlon 64, especially for multi-threaded software.
Manufacturing costsedit
Having two cores, the Athlon 64 X2 has an increased number of transistors. The 1 MB L2 cache 90 nm Athlon 64 X2 processor is 219 mm² in size with 243 million transistors[4] whereas its 1 MB L2 cache 90 nm Athlon 64 counterpart is 103.1 mm² and has 164 million transistors.[5] The 65 nm Athlon 64 X2 with only 512 KB L2 per Core reduced this to 118 mm² with 221 million transistors compared to the 65 nm Athlon 64 with 77.2 mm² and 122 million transistors. As a result, a larger area of silicon must be defect free. These size requirements necessitate a more complex fabrication process, which further adds to the production of fewer functional processors per single silicon wafer. This lower yield makes the X2 more expensive to produce than the single-core processor.
In the middle of June 2006 AMD stated that they would no longer make any non-FX Athlon 64 or Athlon 64 X2 models with 1 MB L2 caches.[6][failed verification] This led to only a small production number of the Socket-AM2 Athlon 64 X2 with 1 MB L2 cache per core, known as 4000+, 4400+, 4800+, and 5200+. The Athlon 64 X2 with 512 KB per core, known as 3800+, 4200+, 4600+, and 5000+, were produced in far greater numbers. The introduction of the F3 stepping then saw several models with 1 MB L2 cache per core as production refinements resulted in an increased yield.
Featuresedit
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AMD Athlon 64 X2 6000+ (ADA6000IAA6CZ, Windsor), having its heat spreader removed (decapping). The silicon die is soldered to the heat spreader, causing the CPU to be destroyed during removal.
'64' was omitted from the name of the Brisbane 'BE' series; the 64-bit marketing campaign initiated by AMD became insignificant once essentially all consumer CPUs became 64-bit processors.
AMD Athlon 64 Power and Thermal Data Sheet site (PDF)
March 13, 2024
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The Athlon 64 X2 is the first native dual core desktop central processing unit CPU designed by Advanced Micro Devices AMD It was designed from scratch as native dual core by using an already multi CPU enabled Athlon 64 joining it with another functional core on one die and connecting both via a shared dual channel memory controller north bridge and additional control logic The initial versions are based on the E stepping model of the Athlon 64 and depending on the model have either 512 or 1024 KB of L2 cache per core The Athlon 64 X2 can decode instructions for Streaming SIMD Extensions 3 SSE3 except those few specific to Intel s architecture The first Athlon 64 X2 CPUs were released in May 2005 in the same month as Intel s first dual core processor the Pentium D Athlon 64 X2Original logoGeneral informationLaunchedMay 31 2005Discontinued2009Marketed byAMDDesigned byAMDCommon manufacturer s GlobalFoundries formerly AMD Fab 36PerformanceMax CPU clock rate1 9 GHz to 3 2 GHzHyperTransport speeds1 GHz to 1 8 GHzArchitecture and classificationTechnology node90 nm to 65 nmMicroarchitectureK8 K10 Kuma based models only Instruction setMMX SSE SSE2 SSE3 x86 64 3DNow Physical specificationsCores2Socket s Socket 939AM2AM2 Kuma based models only HistoryPredecessor s Athlon 64Successor s PhenomIn June 2007 AMD released low voltage variants of their low end 65 nm Athlon 64 X2 named Athlon X2 1 The Athlon X2 processors feature reduced thermal design power TDP of 45 Watt W 2 The name was also used for K10 based budget CPUs with two cores deactivated Contents 1 Multithreading 2 Manufacturing costs 3 Features 4 CPU cores 4 1 Athlon 64 X2 4 1 1 Manchester 90 nm SOI 4 1 2 Toledo 90 nm SOI 4 1 3 Windsor 90 nm SOI 4 1 4 Brisbane 65 nm SOI 4 2 Athlon X2 4 2 1 Brisbane 65 nm SOI 4 2 2 Kuma 65 nm SOI 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksMultithreading editFurther information Multi core processor The primary benefit of dual core processors like the Athlon 64 X2 over single core processors is their ability to process more software threads at the same time The ability of processors to execute multiple threads simultaneously is called thread level parallelism TLP By placing two cores on the same die the X2 effectively doubles the TLP over a single core Athlon 64 of the same speed The need for TLP processing ability depends on the situation to a great degree and some situations benefit from it far more than others Some programs are currently written for only one thread and thus cannot use the processing power of a second core Programs often written with multiple threads and able to use two cores include many music and video encoding applications and especially professional rendering programs High TLP applications currently correspond to server and workstation situations more than the typical desktop These applications can reach almost twice the performance of a single core Athlon 64 of the same specifications Multitasking also runs a sizable number of threads Intense multitasking processes have sped up by considerably more than twice 3 This is mostly due to the high overhead caused by constantly switching threads and could potentially be improved by adjustments to operating system scheduling code In the consumer segment of the market the X2 improves on the performance of the original Athlon 64 especially for multi threaded software Manufacturing costs editHaving two cores the Athlon 64 X2 has an increased number of transistors The 1 MB L2 cache 90 nm Athlon 64 X2 processor is 219 mm in size with 243 million transistors 4 whereas its 1 MB L2 cache 90 nm Athlon 64 counterpart is 103 1 mm and has 164 million transistors 5 The 65 nm Athlon 64 X2 with only 512 KB L2 per Core reduced this to 118 mm with 221 million transistors compared to the 65 nm Athlon 64 with 77 2 mm and 122 million transistors As a result a larger area of silicon must be defect free These size requirements necessitate a more complex fabrication process which further adds to the production of fewer functional processors per single silicon wafer This lower yield makes the X2 more expensive to produce than the single core processor In the middle of June 2006 AMD stated that they would no longer make any non FX Athlon 64 or Athlon 64 X2 models with 1 MB L2 caches 6 failed verification This led to only a small production number of the Socket AM2 Athlon 64 X2 with 1 MB L2 cache per core known as 4000 4400 4800 and 5200 The Athlon 64 X2 with 512 KB per core known as 3800 4200 4600 and 5000 were produced in far greater numbers The introduction of the F3 stepping then saw several models with 1 MB L2 cache per core as production refinements resulted in an increased yield Features editThis section is empty You can help by adding to it March 2023 CPU cores editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed October 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Athlon 64 X2 edit AMD Athlon X2 processor familyAMD K9 DesktopCode named Core Date released nbsp ManchesterToledoWindsor dual 90 nm dual 90 nm dual 90 nm May 2005May 2005May 2006ToledoWindsor dual 90 nm dual 90 nm Jan 2006May 2006 nbsp Brisbane dual 65 nm Dec 2006List of AMD Athlon 64 processorsList of AMD Athlon X2 processorsManchester 90 nm SOI edit Silicon on insulator SOI CPU stepping E4 L1 cache 64 64 KB data instructions per core L2 cache 256 512 KB full speed per core MMX Extended 3DNow SSE SSE2 SSE3 AMD64 Cool n Quiet NX Bit Socket 939 HyperTransport 1000 MHz HT1000 VCore 1 35 1 4 V Power use TDP 89 Watt First release 1 August 2005 Clock rate 2000 2400 MHz 256 KB L2 cache 3600 2000 MHz 512 KB L2 cache 3800 2000 MHz 4200 2200 MHz 4600 2400 MHz 110 Watt TDP Toledo 90 nm SOI edit Silicon on insulator SOI CPU stepping E6 L1 cache 64 64 KB data instructions per core L2 cache 512 or 1024 KB full speed per core MMX Extended 3DNow SSE SSE2 SSE3 AMD64 Cool n Quiet NX Bit Socket 939 HyperTransport 1000 MHz HT1000 VCore 1 35 1 4 V Power use TDP 89 Watt 3800 4200 and 4400 110 Watt 4400 4600 and 4800 First release 21 April 2005 Clock rate 2000 2400 MHz 512 KB L2 cache 3800 2000 MHz 4200 2200 MHz 4600 2400 MHz 1024 KB L2 cache 4400 2200 MHz 4800 2400 MHzWindsor 90 nm SOI edit nbsp AMD Athlon 64 X2 6000 ADA6000IAA6CZ Windsor having its heat spreader removed decapping The silicon die is soldered to the heat spreader causing the CPU to be destroyed during removal Silicon on insulator SOI CPU stepping F2 F3 L1 cache 64 64 KB data instructions per core L2 cache 256 512 or 1024 KB full speed per core MMX Extended 3DNow SSE SSE2 SSE3 AMD64 Cool n Quiet NX Bit AMD V Socket AM2 HyperTransport 1000 MHz HT1000 VCore 1 25 1 35 V Power use TDP 35 Watt 3800 EE SFF 65 Watt 3600 to 5200 EE 89 Watt 3800 to 6000 125 Watt 6000 to 6400 First release May 23 2006 Clock rate 2000 MHz 3200 MHz 256 KB L2 cache 3600 2000 MHz 512 KB L2 cache often mislabeled as Brisbane core 3800 2000 MHz 4200 2200 MHz 4600 2400 MHz F2 amp F3 5000 2600 MHz F2 amp F3 5400 2800 MHz F3 1024 KB L2 cache 4000 2000 MHz 4400 2200 MHz 4800 2400 MHz 5200 2600 MHz F2 amp F3 5600 2800 MHz F3 6000 3000 MHz F3 6400 3200 MHz F3 Brisbane 65 nm SOI edit nbsp AMD Athlon 64 X2 4400 Brisbane Silicon on insulator SOI CPU stepping G1 G2 L1 cache 64 64 KB data instructions per core L2 cache 512 KB full speed per core MMX Extended 3DNow SSE SSE2 SSE3 AMD64 Cool n Quiet NX Bit AMD V Socket AM2 HyperTransport 1000 MHz HT1000 VCore 1 25 1 35 V Die size 126 mm Power use TDP 65 or 89 Watt First release Dec 5 2006 Clock rate 1900 MHz 3100 MHz 3600 1900 MHz G1 3800 2000 MHz 4000 2100 MHz 4200 2200 MHz G1 amp G2 4400 2300 MHz G1 amp G2 4600 2400 MHz G2 4800 2500 MHz G1 amp G2 5000 2600 MHz G1 amp G2 5200 2700 MHz G1 amp G2 5400 2800 MHz G2 5600 2900 MHz G2 5800 3000 MHz G2 6000 3100 MHz G2 Athlon X2 edit 64 was omitted from the name of the Brisbane BE series the 64 bit marketing campaign initiated by AMD became insignificant once essentially all consumer CPUs became 64 bit processors Brisbane 65 nm SOI edit Silicon on insulator SOI CPU stepping G2 L1 cache 64 64 KB data instructions per core L2 cache 512 KB full speed per core MMX Extended 3DNow SSE SSE2 SSE3 AMD64 Cool n Quiet NX Bit AMD V Socket AM2 HyperTransport 1000 MHz HT1000 VCore 1 15 1 20 V Die size 118 mm Power use TDP 45 Watt First release October 2007 Clock rate 1900 MHz 2600 MHz BE 2300 1900 MHz G2 BE 2350 2100 MHz G2 BE 2400 2300 MHz G2 BE 2450 2500 MHz G2 4050e 2100 MHz G2 4450e 2300 MHz G2 4850e 2500 MHz G2 5050e 2600 MHz G2 Kuma 65 nm SOI edit Chip harvests from Agena with two cores disabled 7 Silicon on insulator SOI AMD K10 microarchitecture CPU stepping B3 L1 cache 64 64 KB data instructions per core L2 cache 512 KB full speed per core L3 cache 2 MB shared MMX SSE SSE2 SSE3 SSE4a Enhanced 3DNow NX bit AMD64 Cool n Quiet AMD V Socket AM2 HyperTransport 1800 MHz HT3 0 VCore 1 05 1 25 V Die size 288 mm Power use TDP 95 Watt First release December 15 2008 Clock rate 2300 2800 MHz 6500BE 2300 MHz 7450 2400 MHz 7550 2500 MHz 7750BE 2700 MHz 7850BE 2800 MHzSee also editList of AMD Athlon X2 processors List of AMD Athlon 64 processors List of AMD Athlon II processors List of AMD processors Parallel computingReferences edit AMD FAQ on removing the 64 Archived June 10 2010 at the Wayback Machine DailyTech report Archived from the original on 2007 06 02 Retrieved 2007 06 04 AMD s dual core Opteron amp Athlon 64 X2 Server Desktop Performance Preview Transistors Reference innoreviews com Archived from the original on 2016 11 20 Retrieved 2016 04 29 AMD Athlon Processor Model Numbers and Feature Comparison www amd com Archived from the original on 2009 05 03 HardOCP report Archived from the original on 2006 06 17 Retrieved 2006 08 08 List of Unlockable AMD CPUs External links editAthlon 64 X2 product site Comparison with the Intel Core Duo AMD Athlon 64 Power and Thermal Data Sheet site PDF Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Athlon 64 X2 amp oldid 1210122098, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
